Blade Server Power (Big Boy)

©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 1

Power for your

Blade Server Environment

What you need to know


Agenda

• Introduction

• Market Trends

• Terms

• 3-Phase (3~) Power

• High Power and Blade Servers

• Review


The PCE Family of Companies

Blow Molding

Injection Molding

Pipe & Profile Extrusion

Data Center Power Distribution & Environmental Monitoring

Computer Room Environmental

Monitoring

Design Services & Web-Enabling

Technologies

Monitoring and Management of Data Center Operations and Infrastructure


Company Overview

Geist History• 1948 – Founded as Winders & Geist

• 1993 – Introduced Geist PDUs

• 1997 – Privately acquired by PCE

• 2005 – Acquired IT Watchdogs

• 2007 – Established Geist International

• 2008 – Established Geist Technology

– Established Geist Contract Manufacturing

– Established Geist Metalworks

• 2009 – Established Geist Intelligent Facilities

Geist Manufacturing Today• A provider of innovative products for data center power distribution and monitoring systems

– 100 employees

– 2008 sales grew 20% over the prior year

– Sales now reaching 6 continents

– Partnerships in the USA, the UK, China, Taiwan, France and Australia

Geist Manufacturing and PCE Headquarters

Geist Metalworks


Market Trends

Source: Surveys by 7x24 Exchange, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Uptime Institute estimates based on gradual implementation of new server technology that is either already announced or currently on the market

Power to the Rack

The market trend is for data center

cabinets and racks to require more

and more energy as the increasing

demand put upon data centers

drives the need for greater system

performance and higher server

density.


Market Trends

Blade Servers on the Rise

• Server consolidation, virtualization, and power

savings are leading to a boom in blade server

sales over the next four years.

• WW blade server shipments are expected to rise

from 620,000 in 2006 to 2.4 million units in 2011

- a compound annual growth rate of 31.5%

• In 2006 blade servers represented only 7.9% of

all servers sold

• By 2011 the sales of blade servers are expected

to rise to approximately 21.6% of all servers sold

Source: iSuppli

7.9%

92.1%

21.6%

78.4%

2006 2011

Blade Servers

Other Servers


Electrical Terminology

Amp (or Ampere): The standard measure of electrical current.

Electricity flows through a wire much like a water flowing through a pipe. The flow of electricity (electric current) is measured in amps.

The Amp draw of a circuit is dependent on the needs of the devices plugged into it, and is limited by the branch circuit protection.

Volt: The standard measure of electrical potential, and is a fixed value for every circuit. Voltage is measured with respect to a reference point (usually between two conductors of the circuit).

Voltage is analogous to pressure in a water pipe. Higher pressures, or higher voltages, allow more energy to flow within a given amount of time.

Standard voltages present in most data centers are 120V and 208V in the USA, and 230V in continental Europe.


Electrical Terminology

Watt : The measure of the work being performed (i.e., total power being consumed) by a system.

In a perfectly efficient design, power is calculated as:

watts = volts x amps (W = V x A)

Power Factor: The ratio of Real Power to Apparent Power.

A power factor of 100% represents perfect efficiency. Lower values indicate that there is energy loss in the circuit.

When a design is not perfectly efficient, the power calculation is:

watts = volts x amps x power factor (W = V x A x PF)

AMPS … the rate of flow of electricity. VOLTS … the push (or pressure), not the amountWATTS … the power that is used POWER FACTOR… the efficiency


Single-Phase Power

Single-phase power is like

a 1-cylinder diesel engine.

Power is produced once

each cycle.Single Phase


A 3-cylinder diesel engine has one

cylinder firing with each 120 degree

rotation of the crankshaft… so that 3

power pulses are generated for each

full cycle.

Like the 3-cylinder diesel engine, a

3-phase power feed has 3 power

lines that are offset from each other

by 120 degrees.

3-Phase Power

Three Phases


3-Phase Delta

A 3-phase delta power configuration consists of 4 conductors -

3 “hot” lines 1 ground line.

In a delta configuration there is only one output voltage level available.

• 208V by wiring one “hot” line to another “hot” line

(green arrows)

Page 11

3-Phase Delta Configuration

3-Phase 208V Delta

208V

208V208V

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Ground

©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 12Page 12

3-Phase Wye Configuration

3-Phase Wye

A 3-phase wye power configuration with 5 conductors -

3 “hot” lines 1 ground line 1 neutral line

The neutral line in the circuit is what makes the 3-phase Wye configuration flexible and increasingly popular, as it allows the output of both 208V and 120V from the same PDU without using a transformer or multiple whips.

• 208V by wiring any “hot” line to another “hot” line

(green arrows)

• 120V by wiring any “hot” line to “neutral” (brown arrows)

3-Phase 120V/208V Wye

120V

120V

120V

208V

208V

208V

Line 1

Line 2

Neutral

Line 3

Ground


3-Phase Power Makes Sense

Why bring 3-phase power to the cabinet level?

• Ability to power 120V and 208V loads from the same branch circuit

• Less wire under the floor to block airflow

• Fewer whips for the electrician to pull, reducing installation cost

• Simpler to balance loads within a cabinet rather than across cabinets


The 3-Phase Advantage

WHY USE 3 WHIPS WHEN A SINGLE3-PHASE WHIP CAN DO THE JOB?

20A 120V 3-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current

= [120V x 20A] x 3 phases= 2400W per phase x 3 phases= 7200W or 7.2kW

5 wires per whip x 1 whip = 5 wires 1 circuit = 1 whip

20A 120V Single-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current

= [120V x 20A] x 3 circuits= 2400W per circuit x 3 circuits = 7200W or 7.2kW

3 wires per whip x 3 whip = 9 wires 3 circuits = 3 whips

Equal Power Example


More Power – Less Current Example

The 3-Phase Advantage

20A 208V 3-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current x 1.73

= 208V x 20A x1.73= 7197W or 7.2kW

NO CIRCUIT BREAKERS REQUIRED


= 208V x 30A= 6240W or 6.2kW

REQUIRES 2 2-POLE CIRCUIT BREAKERS

20A 3-Phase Benefits• > 70% more power than 20A single-phase• > 15% more power than 30A single-phase• No circuit breakers required• Requires only a 20A feed


= 208V x 20A= 4160W or 4.2kW

NO CIRCUIT BREAKERS REQUIRED

30A208V

1-Phase

20A208V

3-Phase

6.2kW

7.2kW

30A208V

1-Phase

4.2kW


For a medium density rack of up to 7.2kW a

20A 120V/208V 3-phase power whip serves

the rack well.

For a higher density rack of up to 10.8kW a

30A 120V/208V 3-phase power whip with

circuit breakers can handle the larger load

3-Phase Power Guidance

Examples of preferred arrangements for branch circuits


How Much Power Do I Need?


Power Meter: Diagnostic Tool

Measure phase loads & neutral loads for proper balance

- Correcting unbalanced phase loads and minimizing the neutral load can result in electric utility bill savings

Monitor breaker loads - Ensure that current draw is safely below breaker

ratings to avoid unnecessary operational interruptions

Measure current usage at each socket- Identify what equipment has high current demands

and may be in need of service or replacement- Within an organization, departments can be billed

by the IT department for equipment energy use


Best Practices with Blade Servers

Monitor Current: YES Switched Outlet: NO

• In racks with traditional 1U servers, per-outlet switching allowed rebooting of a single servers

• With blade servers, per-outlet switching is no longer a requirement

– Per-outlet switching would mean that, instead of rebooting a single blade server, multiple servers would be simultaneously rebooted. This is not a reasonable approach to take in a high-uptime application

• With per-circuit or per-outlet monitoring, the users have the ultimate in visibility of power usage and protection against unwanted downtime.


The Quest for Higher kW Loads

• Blade Server use is growing, along with increasing power consumption.

• High-density applications continue to require more power.

• The increase in size and number of power feeds is leading to greater airflow restrictions, higher installation costs, and decreased availability of breaker space in power distribution panels.

• It seemed that - for any redundant applications requiring more than 17W - the only solution was to use four 60A X three-phase feeds.

• Geist solves this problem with 80-amp and 120-amp 3-phase PDUs– Up to 35kW blade-filled cabinets can be supplied power with a single

feed, or with two feeds in redundant applications.


Blade Server Solutions!!!

Geist’s “Big Boy” 80A and 120A 3-Phase ZP PDUs

• Standard product that supports high power needs

– 80A X 208V X 1.73 = 28kW x 80% = 23kW

– 120A X 208V X 1.73 = 43kW x 80% = 35kW

• Monitoring, both local and remote, is built in to each unit

• Input feed lines are hard-wired to the mains

– The oversized pin-and-sleeve plug, cord and receptacle are eliminated, saving expense and removing bulk

– Direct connection to the mains increases reliability

• Each unit is UL 60950 listed

• Convenient, tool-free mounting is available


IBM BladeCenter H Power Example

• IBM BladeCenter H can have up to four 2900 watt power supplies.

• For full use of all 14 blade slots, all four power supplies must be installed.

• 2 power connections to the chassis are required

• When redundancy is specified, the number of power connections increases to 4

Total Power = 4 x 2900W = 11600W = 11.6kW

Current load = [power / volts] / derating factor= [11600W / 208V] / 80%

= 55.8A / 0.8= 69.8A 70A

To properly feed the four 2900W power supplies, a minimum of 70A of current should be available to the

chassis

Image source: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/data/flash/bladecenter/hardware/servers/tour/


IBM Application

23KW HARDWIRED PDU

• 80A x 3~ MAX

• Removable plate for wiring, bottom feed

• Branch circuit protection by 20A x 3~ UL-listed circuit

breakers

80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW

28.8kW x 80% derating factor

= 23kW at max power draw


HP Application #1

23KW HARDWIRED PDU

• 80A x 3~ MAX



breakers

80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW




HP Application #2

34KW HARDWIRED PDU

• 120A x 3~ MAX



breakers

120A x 208V x 1.73 = 43kW

43kW x 80% derating factor

= 34.5kW at max power draw


Dell Application

23KW HARDWIRED PDU

• 80A x 3~ MAX



breakers

80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW




Review

• Introduction

• Market Trends

• Terms

• 3-Phase (3~) Power

• High Power and Blade Servers

• Review


thank you

Blade Server Power (Big Boy)

Business