Black Box

BLACK BOX

REPRESENTED BY: ARKA MUKHERJEE

CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY CONSTRUCTION INSIDE THE BLACK BOX TECHNOLOGY USED WORKING OF BLACK BOX ADVANTAGES REFERNCE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION It is an electronics device used to

record any instructions and specific aircraft performance parameters.

It record's specific aircraft performance parameters and conversations in the cockpit.

A black box consist of FDR & CVR .

HISTORY The first prototype FDR

was made in 1956 By DAVID WARREN in aeronautical research laboratories of Melbourne , Australia .

CONSTRUCTION The Exterior of the FDR is coated with heat-resistant Bright

Red paint.

CONSTRUCTION [POSITION] The unit is usually mounted in the aircraft‘s empennage (tail

section).

BUILT TO SURVIVE [ CONSTRUCTION] In airline accidents, the

only devices that survive

are the Crash-survivable

memory units (CSMUs) of

the flight data recorders

and cockpit voice recorders.

Typically, the rest of the

recorders' chassis and inner

components are mangled

Three layers of materials in CSMU: Aluminum housing High-temperature insulation Stainless-steel shell

INSIDE THE BLACK BOX

Flight Data Recorder (FDR)

Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

FLIGHT DATA RECORDER

It is an electronics device used to record any instructions and the operating data from the plane's systems.

It records various performance parameters on an aircraft .

PARAMETERS RECORDED BY MOST FDR’S Time Pressure attitude Air speed Vertical acceleration Magnetic heading Fuel flow Horizontal stabilizer Control column position Control wheel position Rudder –pedal position

A FDR is shown below which is recovered after a crash

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER It records the audio environment in the flight deck of an

aircraft for the purpose of accident & incidents . This is typically achieved by recording the signals of the

microphones & earphones of the pilots headsets & of an area microphone in the roof of the cockpit .

According to FAA after 2005 the recording duration is minimum of 30 minutes .

But according to NTSB it should be of 2 hours.

THE POSITIONS OF THE FOUR MICROPHONES

Pilot's headset

Co-pilot's headset

Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew member)

Near the center of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio alerts and other sounds

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER

TECHNOLOGY USED

MAGNETIC TAPES

SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY

MAGNETIC TAPES This technology was introduced in late

`1960’s & made magnetic tapes a recording medium up to the introduction of solid state technology .

CVR & FDR records over the oldest data with the newest data in an endless loop recording pattern .

Then DFDR’S were introduced which can record at 64 12-bit data per seconds. But it was limited to flights having digital avionics like Boeing 767 & airbus a320 .

In this technology it can record up to 30 min of data.

SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY The introduction of this technology expanded recording capacity , enhanced

crash\fire survivability ,& improved recording reliability .

It can record up to 64 12 bit data words per seconds or four times the capacity of magnetic tapes in DFDR’s

It can records up to 25 hours of flight data .

These recording devices cost between $10,000 to $15,000 each.

Both Black Boxes are powered by one of two power generators that draw their power from the plane's engines.

The Memory boards have enough digital storage space to accommodate 2 hours of Audio data for CVRs and 25 hours of Flight data for FDRs.

WORKING OF BLACK BOXUnderwater Locator Beacon (ULB) Submergence sensor on the side of the beacon. Pulses at 37.5 kilohertz (kHz). sound as deep as 14,000 feet (4,267 m). Once the beacon begins "pinging," it pings once per second for 30 days.

WORKING OF BLACK BOXRetrieving Information

This portable interface can allow investigators quick access to the data on a black box.. Retrieval of FDR Retrieval of CVR Once the beacon begins "pinging," it pings once per second for 30 days.

ADVANTAGES Retrieval comes first.

It is very useful for accident investigations .

The mistakes or error can be avoided in other aircrafts .

This black box alone was left to tell the story of the crash of Egypt Air Flight 990.

The cockpit voice recorder from the downed Alaska Airlines Flight 261

CONCLUSION From the study of Black Box we derived a information

that how the information about aircraft mishap is analyzed & unanswered question is answered.

In this study we discuss about various technology various aspects involved in black box.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WIKIPEDIA

GOOGLE

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

THANK YOU

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