BK 7210 Examples and imagination in Rotterdam Zuid– ir. Els Bet

• 1. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Bk7210 Urban analysis & design Minor: Green Blue City 2013 Lecture 6 Examples and imagination in Rotterdam Zuid Els Bet

2. 1. Introduction slide 2-9 2. Cultural-historic exploration of pre-war neighbourhoods slide 10-56 3. Creative commons slide 57 BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Contents of this lecture 3. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet what do we actually see here? 4. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet The neighbourhoods in which your project takes place are existing places with existing streets, buildings, fabrics and spaces. The existing space is the basic material in each urban plan. 5. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet How can you read, understand and use the existing fabric and space in designing the plan? 6. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Leon van Meijel, Heide Hinterthr, Els Bet 7. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet This lecture learns you where to begin and how to get a grip on things. 8. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet polderlandschap woonstad tot ca. 1930 Granpr Molire c.s. 1921 time layersurban conceptstopography cultural themes structure space polders dikes landroads waterstructure villages garden villages prefab contructions temperary housing gelaagdheid weeflijnen en knopen langgerekte kades dubbele rand in een handschrift verkend 1874, druk 1881 harbourworks de archipel van Zuid gelaagdheidde archipel van Zuid gelaagdheid De Jongh 1903 havenstad railroads factories and warehouses urbanization main roads and bridges waterworks streetdevelopment building regulations speculatieve housing de archipel van Zuid gelaagdheidde archipel van Zuid gelaagdheid landhoofd opeenvolging van hoekpunten verkend 1899, druk 1904 Burgdorffer 1914-1917 housing law urban planning verkend 1919, druk 1920verkend 1919, druk 1920verkend 1919, druk 1920 block zichtlijnen en blikvangers dubbele rand samengesteld Witteveen 1926-1927 woonstad 1940 open block strips Zuiderpark Zuidplein grote maat en schaal hoogteverschil, knik, tribune urban renewal transformation upkeep and repair verkend 1935, druk 1938 Witteveen 1937-1938 stad anno 1985 (lappendeken) lange lijnen silo- en woonbebouwing 9. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Rotterdam Zuid cultural-historic exploration of pre-war neighbourhoods - Chronolygy - Historic layers in the current city - Polder - Harbour - City 10. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Chronology Map of Rotterdam Zuid, 1874 11. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Map of Rotterdam Zuid, 1899 Chronology 12. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet 1919 Map of Rotterdam Zuid, 1919 Chronology 13. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet 1935 Map of Rotterdam Zuid, 1935 Chronology 14. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Historic layers in the current city Remains of the polder landscape 15. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Historic layers in the current city Harbour city - cutting up the landscape 16. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Red: 1930 - the invention of housing construction Historic layers in the current city 17. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Orange: 1930-1940 - adding Historic layers in the current city 18. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Blue: 1950-1960 - post-war districts Historic layers in the current city 19. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Historic layers in the current city Green: 1970 - the larger infrastructure 20. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Historic layers in the current city Purple: 1970-1980 - urban renewal 21. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Polder 22. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet 23. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Dikes and basins Dash-dot line = dike, the basins are in between these. In orange the cavities on the transition of dike to basin are indicated. The differences in height are included into the build fabric. The dikes have become higher placed roads, the basins lay behind that. Typical for Rotterdam Zuid are the accesses and passages from dike to basin: often just a bit kinked, in which a short sequence of sight lines and terracing perspective occurs. The transition is layered, not directly obvious and somewhat relaxing. Like a sheltered cavity at the bottom of the dike. 24. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Cavity at the bottom of the dike The Beijerlandselaan is a good example of a cavity at the bottom of the dike. The difference in height is bridged by a small passage towards the dike, behind that the space gets a exceptional form created by the coming together of different parcel directions. Passage and difference in height from the Beijerlandselaan Dilatation space, exceptional buildings: school and church Dwellings on the other side of the square Looking back to Beijerlandselaan 25. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Difference in heigth and anglar rotation The coming together of the orthogonal polder structure with meandering dikes has resulted in a image of many angular rotations. The street lenghts and building rows are short. The streets can not once be overseen, only in parts. The eye falls each time on different ensambles. The kinks also cause corner-buildings and buildings of intersecting streets become prominent. The "terrace effect" is strenghtened further by the difference in height compared with the dike. 26. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet The Den Hertigstraat, between the Katendrechtse Lagedijk, Wolphaertsbocht and Brielselaan. The street has a kinked course. Therefore the street can not be wholly overseen, causing to show each time a different part of the urban fabric. Den Hertigstraat / Blankenburgstraat Many kinks, short streets, short views, enclosed streetscape Den Hertigstraat / K. Lagedijk Short building rows, heterogene ensambles Den Hertigstraat / Wolphaertsbocht Cornerbuildings and intersecting streets come into prominent sight Den Hertigstraat / Brielselaan The high silos on the edge shove into the foreground. The terrace effect is strengtend by the higher dike Difference in heigth and anglar rotation 27. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Layering Layered spatial structure on the south side of the Maashaven. In the rst row (dark dots) there are silos and large buildings on the harbour quay. The second row (intermittent line) is formed by the Wolphaertsbocht with urban street walls. The third row (dashed line) consists of the Katendrechtse Lagedijk, an old dike that has a rural and loose appearance. The metrostation Maashaven and the Maashavensilo (the sh head) are on the east-side. The Charloisse Hoofd (the tail) is on the west side. 28. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Harbour 29. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Zoning of the harbour city The city plan from 1907. Quays, warehouses and railways are becoming clear as a logistic system. On the Noordereiland and the Feijenoordkade were no near railway tracks and loading was done on the quays itself. These are the quays which still have trees. On the Binnenhaven and the Spoorweghaven the railway was laying directly on the waterfront, allowing many ships to dock. Elongated basins and treeless quays are the result. On the Rijnhaven and the Maashaven the railway tracks ran on both sides of the warehouses. Here was also loaded by use of electricity. We can see large harbour basins and wide treeless quays. The characteristics are still very visible. 30. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet harbor area residential area amidst the harbors reisdentail area on the edge of the harbors Zoning of the harbour city The logistic combination of quay, warehouse and railway have led to characteristic cross sections that are still traceable on Katendrecht, the Wilhelminapier and Feijenoord. In Feijenoord and on Katendrecht residential areas are residential spaces amidst the harbor infrastructure. The Afrikaanderwijk and the streetplans of Charlois, Carnisse and Hillesluis lay on the edge of the harbors. The Noorder- eiland, lacking a harbour railway, is developed far more like a traditional residential area with loading quays. 31. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet The river and the harbours 32. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Northern bank 33. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet The archipel of south In comparison to the continuing bankline of north, the bank of the south is more than four times as long. This results in an enormous diversity of waterfronts, harbour basins and rich amount of perspectives. 34. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet stone head pier green head innerhead headscape headscapeinnerheadgreen headpierstone head Abutments 35. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet facing north - against light facing south - lit Elongated quays 36. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Long lines Burgemeester Hoffmanplein Oranjeboomstraat Wilhelminakade 37. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Intersecting lines Cornelis Trompstraat heading Boompjes Waterpasstraat heading Persoonshaven Edam heading Erasmusbrug 38. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Layering Contrasts in use, atmosphere, construction period, scale, skyline, colour. 39. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Large dimension and scale 40. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Characteristic for the harbour city: Large scale and robust industrial landscape denes the edges of Oud Zuid. - Broad views on harbor basins and the river. - Large buildings (silos, warehouses, ships and cranes) stand on the edge and not in the neighbourhoods. - As only neighbourhood, Katendrecht lays not behind the harbours but amidst them. Not behind the dike, but with views on the harbour from almost every street. 41. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Sight lines and eye-catchers 42. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet The large buildings on the edge of the harbour are visible from various positions in Zuid. They are eye- catchers and points of orientation at the end of many long lines in this part of the city, but sometimes very surprising at the end of a short residential street. The harbours are therefore very present. 43. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet City 44. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Inner structure Weave lines and knots 45. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Inner structure Fabric and islands 46. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Knots in the structure On the knots (meaning irregular composed intersections in the road pattern of the western part of Zuid) the corners of super blocks come together. There almost always occurs a sequence of gatherings of intersections and corner buildings. Different directions, different scales and different layers. Of big importance is the unraveling of hierarchy in the intersection. Which line is leading? Which heads belong together? Which corner is in which sight line? Which spatial sequences can be differentiated? Which ensembles can be named? This counts for the buildings conjunction with the arrangement of the public green and planting. 47. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Sequence of different street spaces and the marking of these by exceptional corner buildings. Polderlaan 48. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Interlacing of sequential knots, differing in scale and order. Putselaan / Laan op Zuid upon Beijerlandselaan / Hilledijk upon Polderlaan / Slaghekstraat Layer upon layer upon layer 49. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Long lines 50. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Inner structure 51. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Inner structure, internal consistency and public space Each neighbourhood has its own internal structure and spatial character. Over the years this character is renovated, adjusted, worn out. With the further renewal of the inner structure it is of importance to respect and (re)clarify the unique identity (hierarchy in streets, sequence of squares, exceptional public spaces and buildings) of the neighbourhood. What are the architectonic and scenic elements that can work binding on the larger urban level? What are the architectonic and scenic elements that can create variation? What determines the new spatial character in physical terms? It is of importance that the architectonic units are tuned in their appearance and form a more diverse, but still coherent set or bouquet. 52. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Structure? Patchwork! 3 generations of urban renewal The patchwork 53. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet Tarwewijk Bloemhof (middle part) Bloemhof (southern part) Headers and strechers 54. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet polderlandschap woonstad tot ca. 1930 Granpr Molire c.s. 1921 time layersurban conceptstopography cultural themes structure space polders dikes landroads waterstructure villages garden villages prefab contructions temperary housing gelaagdheid weeflijnen en knopen langgerekte kades dubbele rand in een handschrift verkend 1874, druk 1881 harbourworks de archipel van Zuid gelaagdheidde archipel van Zuid gelaagdheid De Jongh 1903 havenstad railroads factories and warehouses urbanization main roads and bridges waterworks streetdevelopment building regulations speculatieve housing de archipel van Zuid gelaagdheidde archipel van Zuid gelaagdheid landhoofd opeenvolging van hoekpunten verkend 1899, druk 1904 Burgdorffer 1914-1917 housing law urban planning verkend 1919, druk 1920verkend 1919, druk 1920verkend 1919, druk 1920 block zichtlijnen en blikvangers dubbele rand samengesteld Witteveen 1926-1927 woonstad 1940 open block strips Zuiderpark Zuidplein grote maat en schaal hoogteverschil, knik, tribune urban renewal transformation upkeep and repair verkend 1935, druk 1938 Witteveen 1937-1938 stad anno 1985 (lappendeken) lange lijnen silo- en woonbebouwing 55. BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet 56. Creative commons BK 7210 examples and imagination in Rotterdam-Zuid - ir. Els Bet You are free: - to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work - to make derivative works Under the following conditions: - Attribution. You must give the original author credit - Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes - Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a licence identical to this one