Bisalloy Tech Guide 2012-2013

BISPLATE®

technical guide

For more information regarding BISPLATE® refer to the technical information pdf documents provided on the Bisalloy Steels® website at www.bisalloy.com.au

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BISPLATE®

technical guide

2

ConTEnTS

Introduction 3

HowtoContactUs 4

ProcessRoute 5

RangeofGrades 6

BISPLATE®SizeRange 30

ManufacturingTolerances 31

CuttingBISPLATE® 35

WeldingBISPLATE® 45

Bending,Rolling,ShearingandPunchingBISPLATE® 64

Drilling,Countersinking&TappingBISPLATE® 69

TurningandMillingBISPLATE® 76

BISPLATE®IdentificationMarkingandColourCoding 81

TestingandCertification 83

HardnessTestingBISPLATE® 85

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InTroduCTIon

BisalloySteelsPtyLtd,locatedatUnanderra,NSWisAustralia’sonlymanufacturerofhighstrength,wearresistantandarmourgradesteelplateproducedbythecontinuousrollerquenchingandtemperingprocess.

Quenchingandtempering,definedasacombinationofheatingandcoolingofametaloralloy,changesthemicrostructureofthesteelandimprovesthestrength,hardnessandtoughnessofthematerialsbeingtreated.

Utilisingthemostadvancedheattreatmenttechnology,furnacetemperaturesandquenchingratesarescientificallycontrolledusingPLC’stoobtaintheoptimumqualitygradesofsteelwithlowalloycontent.Theresultingproductsoflowalloyquenchedandtemperedsteelofferdesignersthestrengthtoweightadvantagesandwearresistantpropertiesnotavailableinconventionalsteels.

Highstrengthsteelhasastrengthtoweightratioofapproximatelythreetimesthatofmildsteel.Principalapplicationsareinminingequipment,transport,telescopiccranes,materialshandlingequipment,highriseconstructionandforestry.Highhardnessgradesofferimprovedwearlifemakingitidealforapplicationssuchaslinersforchutes,buckets,dumptrucksetc.BISPLATE®armourgradesaresuitableforarmouredpersonnelcarriersandballisticprotectionofmilitaryandcivilianfixedplantandtransportequipment.

BISPLATE®gradescanbereadilycut,welded,formedanddrilledusingsimilartechniquestomildsteel.

BisalloySteels®operatesanapprovedmechanicaltestinglaboratoryregisteredandmonitoredbytheAustralianNationalAssociationofTestingAuthorities(NATA).Thecompany’squalitycontrolandmanagementsystemisassessedbyLloydsandaccreditedtoISO9001.

Thecapacity,qualityandversatilityofourheattreatmentlineenablesustocompeteinbothdomesticandinternationalmarkets;includingNorthandSouthAmerica,Asia,NewZealandandAfrica.

®®

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How To ConTACT uS BISALLoy STEELS PTy LTd 18ResolutionDriveUnanderra POBox1246UnanderraNSW2526Australia TelSwitch+61242720444 Fax+61242720456 WebSitewww.bisalloy.com.au

SALES & MArkETIng MAnAgEr MichaelSampson Tel+61242720412 Mob0418603852 [email protected]

TECHnICAL MAnAgEr Tel+61242720470 [email protected]

ExPorT MAnAgEr WillyPang Tel+61242720418 Mob+61419280765 [email protected]

nATIonAL SALES MAnAgEr TerryMcDermott Tel+61242720432 Mob0406398421 [email protected]

For STATE By STATE EnQuIrIES PLEASE ConTACT

our MAIn oFFICE on o2 4272 0444

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ProCESS rouTE

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rAngE oF grAdES

InTroduCTIon

BisalloySteels®gradesareworldclass,ourstructuralgradescomplyingwithmanyoftheworld’squenchedandtemperedsteelplatestandards.

Eachofthegradescoveredbythisbrochurehasspecificmechanicalandchemicalpropertiesdetailed.TheprocessinformationdetailedbelowisapplicabletoallBISPLATE®productmanufacturedbyBisalloySteels®.

BISALLoy’S FEEd PLATE

ThetechnologyusedinthemanufactureofBISPLATE®isnotonlyworldclass,butthedemandsofhighstrengthandhighhardnesssteelsdictatetheneedforoneofthemoststringentprocessroutesutilisedinthemanufactureofsteelplate,anywhereintheworld.

Hotmetaldesulphurisationensureslowlevelsofsulphurandotherimpuritiesinsteelmaking.VacuumdegassingiscarriedouttoreducetheHydrogencontentofthesteel,whilstalsodecreasingtheamountofundesirableOxygenandNitrogeninthesteel.ControlofimpuritiesisadditionallyassistedthroughtheuseofhotmetalinjectionandconditioningoftheslagduringtheBasicOxygenSteelmakingprocess.

ClosecontrolofchemicalcompositionandfinalmicrostructureismaintainedthroughtheuseofladlerefiningwithCalciuminjection,Argonbubblingthroughtheheatduringsteelmakingandalloyingadditionsmadeundervacuum.

Followingsteelmaking,integrityofslabproductisensuredbytheuseofelectromagneticstirring,continuouscastingandcontrolledcoolingofslabspriortoplaterolling.

Finally,platerollingiscarriedoutinacomputercontrolledfourhighrollingmill,inwhicheachdraftismodifiedduringrollingforoptimisationoffinalproperties.

Thenetresultissteelthatprovidesimprovedtoughness,structuralintegrityandfatigueresistance,providingconsistentproductperformanceinservice.

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BISALLoy’S HEAT TrEATMEnT

Plateisheatedinournaturalgasfiredfurnace,priortoquenchingintheDreverrollerquenchunit.CompletePLCcontrolallowstightandconsistentcontrolofallfurnaceandquenchoperations,includingwaterflowratesandpressure,furnacetemperaturesandresidencetimes.

Preandpost-heattreatmentshotblastingremovesscaleandpresentsanattractiveplate.Thisresultsinimprovementsinproductproperties,weldingandcutting,aswellassimplificationduringfabrication.

ThefinaloperationatBisalloyisplatelevelling,throughourplateleveller,formaterialupto32mmthick.Thishasresultedinsignificantimprovementsinflatnessofplatetomarket,muchtighterthantheAustralianStandardandotherInternationalStandards.

Ourqualityassurancesystemensuresthatfulltraceabilityexistsfrominitialsteelmakingrightthroughtheprocesstothefinalplate.Eachplateisindividuallyhardstampedwithauniqueidentification,thislinkstotheoveralltraceability.

Allplatesaretestedforhardness,whilstallstructuralgradesaretestedinBisalloy’sNATAapprovedmechanicaltestinglaboratory.Platesofallgradesarecertified.TheentireprocessiscarriedoutincompliancewithISO9001,certifiedbyLloyd’sRegisterQualityAssurance(LRQA).

BISALLoy’S TECHnICAL dEVELoPMEnT

EachofthegradesoutlinedinthisbrochurehavebeendevelopedtooptimisechemistryandmechanicalpropertiesinconjunctionwithBisalloy’sheattreatmentprocess.

Ourworldclasssteelgradesensurethatpropertiessuchasductility,weldabilityandtoughnessaremaximised,whilstcomplyingwiththerequisitehardnessandstrengthrequirements.

OngoingR&DatBisalloykeepsourproductrangeattheleadingedgeofavailablequenchedandtemperedsteels.Already,wearedevelopingsteelstomeettheemergingrequirementsforstillstrongerstructuralgradesandthesewillbereleasedtothemarketasdemanddictates.

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BISPLATE® 60

BISPLATE®60isalowcarbon,lowalloy,highstrengthstructuralsteelthatexhibitsexcellentcoldformabilityandlowtemperaturefracturetoughness.

APPLICATIonS

ThecombinationofBISPLATE®60mechanicalpropertiesandeaseoffabricationofferseconomicaladvantagesinmanystructuralapplications.Someexamplesofapplicationsforthisgradeinclude:

•Storagetanks (Water/Oil/Gas)•High-risebuildings (Columns/Transfer beams)•Liftingequipment (Mobile/Overhead cranes)

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®60canbeweldedsuccessfullywithminimallevelsofpreheatandhasexcellentlowtemperaturefracturetoughness.

BISPLATE®60hasbeendesignedsuchthatalowhardnesslevelisproducedintheheataffectedzone(HAZ).Asaresult,thissteelhasalowsusceptibilitytoHAZcracking.

ForfurtherdetailsonfabricationpleaserefertoBisalloy’stechnicalliterature.

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BISPLATE® 60

MECHAnICAL ProPErTIES

PROPERTIES SPECIFICATION TYPICAL

0.2%ProofStress 500MPa(Min) 580MPa

TensileStrength 590-730MPa 640MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. 20%(Min) 30%

CharpyImpact(Longitudinal)-20˚C(10mmx10mm)

80J(Min)* 200J

Hardness – 210HB

*Dependentonplatethickness

CHEMICAL CoMPoSITIon

THICKNESS(mm) C P Mn Si S Cr Mo B CE(IIW)* CET*

5-<16 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.25 0.25 0.002 0.40 0.29

≥16-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 70

BISPLATE®70isalowcarbon,lowalloy,highstrengthstructuralsteel.Thisgradecanbeweldedwithminimalpreheatandhasexcellentlowtemperaturefracturetoughnesssuitableforstructuralapplications.

APPLICATIonS

ThecombinationofBISPLATE®70mechanicalpropertiesandeaseoffabricationofferseconomicaladvantagesinmanystructuralapplications.Someexamplesofapplicationsforthisgradeinclude:

•Transportequipment (Trays/Low loaders/Outriggers)•Storagetanks (Water/Oil/Gas)•High-risebuildings (Columns/Transfer beams)•Liftingequipment (Mobile/Overhead cranes)•Miningequipment (Dump truck trays/Structural applications)•Longwallminingsupports

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®70exhibitsexcellentcoldformabilityandlowtemperaturefracturetoughness.

BISPLATE®70hasbeendesignedsuchthatalowhardnesslevelisproducedintheheataffectedzone(HAZ).Asaresult,thissteelhasalowsusceptibilitytoHAZcracking.


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BISPLATE® 70



0.2%ProofStress 600MPa(Min) 670MPa

TensileStrength 690-830MPa 760MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. 20%(Min) 28%


75J(Min)* 180J

Hardness – 230HB




5-<16 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.25 0.25 0.002 0.40 0.29

≥16-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 80

BISPLATE®80isahighstrength,lowalloysteelplatewithayieldstrengththreetimesthatofcarbonsteelandfeaturinglowcarbon,excellentnotchtoughness,goodweldabilityandformability.

APPLICATIonS

UtilisingthehighstrengthpropertiesofBISPLATE®80allowsreductioninsectionthicknesswithoutlossofstructuralintegrity.Thefollowinglistssomeapplicationswherethestrengthadvantagehasbeenrealised:

•Transportequipment (Low loaders)•High-risebuildings (Columns)•Miningequipment (Dump truck trays/Longwall roof supports)•Liftingequipment (Mobile cranes/Container handling equipment)•Bridges •Storagetanks •Excavatorbuckets•Induceddraftfans

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®80isahighstrengthsteelmanufacturedwithacontrolledcarbonequivalentforoptimumweldability.

BISPLATE®80canbesuccessfullyweldedtoitselfandarangeofothersteels,providedlowhydrogenconsumablesareusedandattentionispaidtopreheat,interpasstemperature,heatinputandthedegreeofjointrestraint.Stressrelievingcanbeachievedat540°C–570°C.Heatingabovethistemperatureshouldbeavoidedtominimiseanyadverseeffectsonmechanicalproperties.Coldformingcanbesuccessfullyconducted,provideddueaccountistakenoftheincreasedstrengthofthesteel.


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BISPLATE® 80



0.2%ProofStress 690MPa(Min)* 750MPa

TensileStrength 790-930MPa* 830MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. 18%(Min)* 26%


40J(Min)* 160J

Hardness – 255HB




5-<16 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.25 0.25 0.002 0.40 0.29

≥16-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 80PV

BISPLATE®80PVisahighstrengthsteelalternativefordesignersofunfiredpressurevesselsthatmeetstherequirementsofAS1210andachievesalightweightstructure.

APPLICATIonS

BISPLATE®80PVhasbeenapprovedbystatutoryauthoritiesandcomplieswiththerequirementsofAS1210forpressureapplicationsandissuppliedultrasonicallytestedtoAS1710-Level1.Itshighstrengthofferssubstantialweightreductionsinthefollowingareas:

•Transportableroadtankers•Storagetanks (Spherical and cylindrical)•Railroadtankers (LPG/Liquid ammonia)•Refineryandpetrochemicalequipment (Tube plates/Channel covers)

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®80PVisahighstrength,lowalloypressurevesselsteelwithacontrolledcarbonequivalentforoptimumweldability.

BISPLATE®80PVcanbesuccessfullyweldedtoitselfandarangeofothersteels,providedlowhydrogenconsumablesareusedandattentionispaidtopreheat,interpasstemperature,heatinputandthedegreeofjointrestraint.Stressrelievingcanbeachievedat540˚C–570˚C.Heatingabovethistemperatureshouldbeavoidedtominimiseanyadverseeffectsonmechanicalproperties.Coldformingcanbeconductedsuccessfully,provideddueaccountistakenoftheincreasedstrengthofthesteel.

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BISPLATE® 80PV



0.2%ProofStress 690MPa(Min)* 750MPa

TensileStrength 790-930MPa* 830MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. 18%(Min)* 26%

LateralExpansion 0.38mm(Min) 0.70mm

CharpyImpact – 55J

Hardness – 255HB




≥6-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Lowheatinputbuttweldingrequiredtoensuretransverseweldtensilepropertiesareachieved.Alternatechemistrymaybespecifiedwhennecessary*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 320

BISPLATE®320isathroughhardened,abrasionresistantsteelplate,offeringlonglifeexpectancyinhighimpactabrasionapplications.

APPLICATIonS

BISPLATE®320offerstheoptimumcombinationofhardness,impactandformabilityforwearapplicationsthatrequireextensiveforming/drillingorfabrication,inimpactabrasiveapplicationssuchas:

•Deflectorplates•Chutes•Storagebins•Dumptruckliners•Earthmovingbuckets

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®320isahighhardness,abrasionresistantsteelwithacontrolledcarbonequivalentforoptimumweldability.Withappropriateattentiontoheatinput,preheatandconsumableselection,BISPLATE®320canbereadilyweldedtoitselfandothersteels,usingconventionalprocesses.

ColdformingofBISPLATE®320platesispossibleinallthicknesses,providedthehighstrengthofthissteelistakenintoaccount.Adequateallowancemustbemadeforincreasedspringbackrelativetomildsteel.Heatingabove400˚Cshouldbeavoided,otherwisethemechanicalpropertiesmightbeaffected.

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BISPLATE® 320



0.2%ProofStress – 970MPa

TensileStrength – 1070MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. – 18%

CharpyImpact(Longitudinal)+20ºC(10mmx10mm)

– 60J

Hardness 320-360HB 340HB



5-<16 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.25 0.25 0.002 0.40 0.29

≥16-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 400

BISPLATE®400isathroughhardened,abrasionresistantsteelplate,offeringlonglifeexpectancyinhighimpactabrasionapplications.

APPLICATIonS

BISPLATE®400offersexcellentwearandabrasionresistanceandimpacttoughnessinapplicationsthatinclude:

•Dumptruckwearliners•Cyclones•Screwconveyors•Deflectorplates•Chutes•Groundengagingtools•Storagebins•Cuttingedges•Earthmovingbuckets

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®400isahighhardness,abrasionresistantsteelofferingverygoodimpacttoughnessproperties.BISPLATE®400providesanoptimumcombinationofabrasionresistance,toughnessandweldability.Duetoitslowalloycontent,BISPLATE®400canbereadilyweldedusingconventionalweldingprocessesandlowhydrogenconsumables.ColdformingofBISPLATE®400isachievableonallthicknessesalthoughanallowanceforthehigherstrengthshouldbetakenintoaccount.Bendingmachinecapabilitiesshouldalsobetakenintoconsiderationpriortoanyformingoperation.Heatingabove250˚Cshouldbeavoided,otherwisemechanicalpropertiesmightbeaffected.

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BISPLATE® 400







– 55J




5-<16 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.25 0.25 0.002 0.40 0.29

≥16-80 Maximum 0.20 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 0.30 0.25 0.002 0.50 0.35

>80-100 Maximum 0.18 0.025 1.5 0.25 0.008 1.20 0.25 0.002 0.58 0.34

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 450

BISPLATE®450isathroughhardened,abrasionresistantsteelplate,withverygoodtoughness,weldabilityandformability,offeringlonglifeexpectancyinslidingandgougingabrasionapplications,withimpactloading.

APPLICATIonS

BISPLATE®450offersexceptionallylonglifeinhighabrasionapplicationswithimpactloading.Applicationsinclude:

•Dumptruckwearliners/bodies•Miningbuckets•Tipperbodies•Cuttingedges•Constructionwastebins•Linerplates/chutes

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®450isalowcarbon,highhardness,abrasionresistantsteelwithguaranteedimpacttoughness.BISPLATE®450canbesuccessfullyweldedtoitselfandarangeofothersteelsbyconventionaltechniques.Becauseofitshighhardness,coldformingofBISPLATE®450requireshigherbendingandformingforcesandgreaterallowancesmustbemadeforspringback.Heatingabove200˚Cshouldbeavoided,otherwisemechanicalpropertiesmightbeaffected.

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BISPLATE® 450







guArAnTEEd CHArPy-V IMPACT TougHnESS

THICKNESS(mm) TESTPIECE MIN.ENERGY,LONGITUDINAL@-40ºC

6-8 10x5 17J

10 10x7.5 21J

12-20 10x10 25J

>20-40 10x10 20J

>40-50 10x10 15J


THICKNESS(mm) C P Mn Si S Ni Cr Mo B CE(IIW)* CET*

6-20 Maximum 0.23 0.025 1.00 0.60 0.008 0.25 1.00 0.25 0.002 0.46 0.30

25-50 Maximum 0.25 0.025 1.20 0.60 0.008 0.25 1.20 0.35 0.002 0.58 0.36

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® 500

BISPLATE®500isathroughhardened,abrasionresistantsteelplate,offeringlonglifeexpectancyinslidingandgougingabrasionapplications.

APPLICATIonS

BISPLATE®500isthehardeststeelproducedbyBisalloySteels®andoffersexceptionallylonglifeinslidingabrasionapplicationssuchas:

•Dumptruckwearliners•Chutes•Wearliners•Earthmovingbuckets•Cuttingedges•Groundengagingtools

FABrICATIon

BISPLATE®500isamediumcarbon,highhardness,abrasionresistantsteel.Withappropriateattentiontoheatinput,preheatandconsumableselections,BISPLATE®500canbesuccessfullyweldedtoitselfandarangeofothersteelsbyconventionaltechniques.Becauseofitshighhardness,coldformingofBISPLATE®500isdifficult,requiringhigherbendingandformingforces,andgreaterallowancesmustbemadeforspringback.Ifheatingisnecessary,thisshouldnotexceed200˚C,otherwisemechanicalpropertiesmightbeaffected.

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BISPLATE® 500







– 35J



THICKNESS(mm) C P Mn Si S Ni Cr Mo B CE(IIW)* CET*

8-100 Maximum 0.32 0.025 0.40 0.35 0.008 0.35 1.20 0.30 0.002 0.62 0.40

*Typicalaverage

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BISPLATE® HIgH HArdnESS ArMour PLATE

InTroduCTIon

BISPLATE®HighHardnessArmour(BISPLATE®HHA)isaquenchedandtemperedsteelarmourplatesuitableforuseinbothmilitaryandcivilapplicationswherelightweightandresistancetoballisticprojectilesisrequired.

METHod oF MAnuFACTurE

BISPLATE®HHAisahotrolledsteelproductthatissubsequentlyheattreatedtopromoteitshighstrengthandtoughness,highhardnessandballisticsproperties.

BrInELL HArdnESS

THICKNESS(mm) SPECIFICATION TYPICAL

5-50* 477-534HB 500HB

*Otherthicknessesmaybeavailableonrequest

TEnSILE ProPErTIES

PROPERTY TYPICAL

0.2%ProofStress 1350MPa

TensileStrength 1640MPa

Elongationin50mmG.L. 14%

CHArPy IMPACT VALuES

THICKNESS(mm) TESTPIECE TESTTEMP MIN.ENERGY(TRANSVERSE) MIN.ENERGY(LONGITUDINAL)

5 10xThk -40ºC ByAgreement ByAgreement

6-<9.5 10x5 -40ºC 8J 10J

9.5-<12 10x7.5 -40ºC 12J 15J

≥12 10x10 -40ºC 16J 20J

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BISPLATE® HIgH HArdnESS ArMour PLATE

MECHAnICAL TEST FrEQuEnCIES

TEST FREQUENCY

Hardness PerPlate

Charpy(L) PerBatch

Charpy(T) PerBatch

TensileTesting ByAgreement

ThicknessTesting PerPlate

BallisticTesting ByAgreement

CHEMISTry

ThechemicalspecificationconformswiththerequirementsofMIL-DTL-46100,althoughitistighterthantherequirementsofthatspecificationsoastooptimisethematerial’sperformance.Productchemicalanalysesaretakenonaper-heatbasis

Chemicalanalysisisasfollows:


THICKNESS(mm) C P Mn Si S Ni Cr Mo B CE(IIW)** CET**

5-501 Maximum 0.32 0.025 0.80 0.50 0.005 0.50 1.20 0.30 0.002 0.61 0.40

**Note:NickelandVanadiumareintentionallyadded**Typicalaverage1Otherthicknessesmaybeavailableonrequest

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BALLISTIC ProPErTIES

AS 2343 PArT 2 BuLLET rESISTAnT PAnELS For InTErIor: oPAQuE PAnELS

CLASS CALIBRE AMMUNITIONMEASUREDVELOCITY@DISTANCEFROM

MUZZLERANGE

MINIMUMREQUIREDHHATHICKNESS

G2 44Magnum15.6gLeadSemi-Wad

CutterBullet488±10m/[email protected] 3m 6mm2

S0 12Gauge(FullChoke)12Gauge70mmHigh

VelocityMagnum32gSGShot

403±10m/[email protected] 3m 6mm2

S1 12Gauge(FullChoke)12Gauge70mm24.8gSingleSlug

477±10m/[email protected] 3m 6mm2

R1 5.56mmM1935.56mm3.6gFullMetalCaseBullet

980±15m/s@5m 10m 10mm2

R2 7.62mmNatoStandard7.62mm9.3g

FullMetalCaseBullet853±10m/s@5m 10m 6mm

2Standardthicknessesproduced.Minimumthicknessrequiredislessthanstatedthickness.PleasecontactBisalloyforfurtherinformation.

ClassG–HandGun ClassS–Shotgun ClassR–Rifles

rESIduAL MAgnETISM

MaximumresidualmagnetismofBISPLATE®armourgradesis50Gausswhenplatesaredespatched.Specialarrangementcanbemadetolimitthemaximumresidualmagnetismto20Gauss.

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grAdE EQuIVALEnTS

GRADE COUNTRYOFORIGIN STEELSTANDARD COMMENTS

60 Australia AS3597Grade500 Min.yield500MPa

60 ISO ISO4950-3AMD1 Min.yield500MPa

60 Japan JISG3106SM570 Min.yield420MPa

60 USA ASTMA572/A537MGrade60 Min.yield415MPa

60 USA ASTMA537/A537M Min.yield485MPa

60 Europe EN10025S460 Min.yield460MPa



70 USA ASTMA533/A533MCI.1 Min.yield550MPa




80 USA ASTMA514/A514M Min.yield690MPa


80 Japan JISG3128 Min.yield685MPa

80PV Australia AS3597Grade700PV Min.yield690MPa

80PV USA ASTMA577/A517M Min.yield690MPa

80PV Europe EN10028P690 Min.yield690MPa

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SuMMAry TABLES STruCTurAL STEEL grAdES

STEELGRADE

PLATETHICKNESS

(mm)

CARBONEQUIVALENT

(IIW)

BRINELLHARDNESS(HB3000/10)

MECHANICALPROPERTIES

TENSILE CHARPYV-NOTCHIMPACT

PLATETHICKNESS

(mm)

0.2%PROOFSTRESS(MPa)Min

TENSILESTRENGTH

(MPa)

%ELONGATION(50mmG.L)

Min

PLATETHICKNESS

(mm)

ENERGY(J)(Min)

TESTTEMP.(ºC)

TESTDIRECTIONS

BISPLATE®60

(AS3597Grade500)

5-<16

≥16-80

>80-100

0.40

0.50

0.58

210 5-100 500 590-730 20

5 ByAgmnt -20 L

6-9.5 45 -20 L

9.5-12 60 -20 L

13-100 80 -20 L

BISPLATE®70

(AS3597Grade600)

5-<16

≥16-80

>80-100

0.40

0.50

0.58

230 5-100 600 690-830 20

5 ByAgmnt -20 L

6-9.5 40 -20 L

9.5-12 60 -20 L

13-100 75 -20 L

BISPLATE®80

(AS3597Grade700)

5-<16

≥16-80

>80-100

0.40

0.50

0.58

255

5

6-65

70-100

650

690

620

750-900

790-930

720-900

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18

16

5 ByAgmnt -20 L

6-9.5 20 -20 L

9.5-12 30 -20 L

13-100 40 -20 L

BISPLATE®80PV

(AS3597Grade700PV)

≥6-80 0.50

2556-65

70-100

690

620

790-930

720-900

18

166-100

LateralExpansion0.38mmmin.

ByAgmntmax.0ºC

T

>80-100 0.58

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SuMMAry TABLES HIgH HArdnESS STEEL grAdES

STEELGRADEPLATETHICKNESS

(mm)CARBON

EQUIVALENT(IIW)

BRINELLHARDNESS(HB3000/10)

MECHANICALPROPERTIES

TENSILE CHARPYV-NOTCHIMPACT

0.2%PROOFSTRESS(MPa)

TENSILESTRENGTH

(MPa)

%ELONGATION(50mmG.L.)

ENERGY(J)*TESTTEMP.

(ºC)TEST

DIRECTIONS

BISPLATE®320

5-<16 0.40

320-360 970 1070 18 60 +20 L≥16-80 0.50

>80-100 0.58

BISPLATE®400

5-<16 0.40

370-430 1070 1320 14 55 +20 L≥16-80 0.50

>80-100 0.58

BISPLATE®450

6-20 0.46

425-475 1150 1400 12

25

-40 L25-400.58

20

>40-50 15

BISPLATE®500 6-100 0.62 477-534 1400 1640 10 35 +20 L

*Note:Charpyenergyvaluesarefor10x10mmspecimensizes

Legend:L LongitudinalT Transverse GuaranteedValues TypicalAverageValues(providedforreferenceinformationonly)

IIWCarbonEquivalentFormula:C.E.=C+Mn+Cr+Mo+V+Ni+Cu C.E.T=C+(Mn+Mo)+(Cr+Cu)+Ni 6515 10 2040

ra

ng

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30

BISPLATE® SIzE rAngE

STAndArd SIzE SCHEduLE

Table1:

PLATEMASSINTONNES

GRADE BISPLATE®60,70,80,320,400 BISPLATE®450 BISPLATE®500

WIDTH(mm) 1525 1900 2485 1525 2485 3100 2485 3100 1525 1900 2485 2485

LENGTH(m) 6000 6000 6000 8000 8000 8000 8000*8500

8000*8300**8800

6000 6000 6000 8000

Thickness(mm)

5 0.479

6 0.575 0.936 0.936

8 1.248 1.248 1.248

10 1.561 1.947 1.561 1.947 1.561

12 1.873 2.336 1.873 2.336 1.873

16 2.497 3.115 2.497 3.115 2.497

20 3.121 3.894 3.121 *4.040 3.121

25 3.901 4.867 3.901 **5.354 3.901

32 4.994 *5.306 4.994

40 6.242 6.242 6.242

50 7.803 7.803 7.803

60 7.023 7.023

70 6.264 6.264

75 6.712 5.387

80 7.159 5.746

90 6.464 6.464

100 7.183 7.183

Platemass(tonnes)calculation=7.85xWxTxL(m)

non STAndArd SIzES

• Available subject to sales enquiry• Minimum order quantities may apply

EdgE CondITIon

• All plate 1525 mm wide and 5 & 6 mm thick is supplied with untrimmed edge

• All other plate is supplied with trimmed edge

31

MAnuFACTurIng ToLErAnCES THICknESS ToLErAnCE

Table1:

WIDTH

THICKNESS(+/-mm)

≤6>6≤8

>8≤10

>10≤13

>13≤18

>18≤22

>22≤30

>30≤42

>42≤63

>63

<1600 0.53 0.60 0.60 0.68 0.83 0.90 1.05 1.28 1.73 2.55

≥1600 <2100 0.60 0.68 0.68 0.75 0.90 0.98 1.13 1.35 1.80 2.63

≥2100 <2700 0.75 0.75 0.83 0.90 0.98 1.125 1.28 1.50 1.95 –

≥2700 – 0.98 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.35 1.43 – – –

Notes:1.Measurementcanbeconductedanywhereonplate 2.Alldimensionsareinmillimetres

wIdTH ToLErAnCE TrIMMEd EdgE PLATE

Table2:

THICKNESS <16 ≥16<50 ≥50

WIDTH PLUS MINUS PLUS MINUS PLUS MINUS

<1520 20 0 25 0 25 0

≥1520 20 0 30 0 30 0

Note:Alldimensionsareinmillimetres

siz

e r

an

ge

M

an

ufa

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to

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32

unTrIMMEd EdgE PLATE

Table3:

WIDTH(ALLTHICKNESS) PLUS MINUS

≤1500 40 0


LEngTH ToLErAnCE

Table4:

ALLTHICKNESS <25 ≥25

LENGTH PLUS MINUS PLUS MINUS

<6000 25 0 30 0

≥6000<12000 30 0 40 0

≥12000 50 0 65 0


33

CAMBEr EdgE CAMBEr ToLErAnCE

Table5:

SPECIFIEDWIDTH TRIMMEDEDGE UNTRIMMEDEDGE

ALL 4 6


Figure1:


EdgeCambershallbelimitedsothatitshallbepossibletoinscribethedimensionsoftheorderedplatewithinthedeliveredsize.

Measurementofflatnesstoleranceshouldbemadewhentheproduct,restingunderitsownmass,isplacedonaflathorizontalsurface.

Astraightedgeshallbeplacedontheplateandthemaximumverticaldistancefromtheplateshallbemeasured(H).

Figure2a: MeasurementofFlatness-Waviness

Figure2b:MeasurementofFlatness-Bowing

W = Width L = Length C = Edge Camber

L = Length H = Deviation

W = Width L = Length H = Deviation

Ma

nu

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34

BISALLoy MAnuFACTurIng ToLErAnCES

Table6:

SPECIFIEDTHICKNESSPLATE

(mm)

DISTANCEBETWEENPOINTSOFCONTACT

(mm)

SPECIFIEDWIDTHOFPLATE(mm)

<1500 ≥1500<1800 ≥1800<2400 ≥2400<3000 ≥3000

≤61000 8 8 8 10 15

2000 15 15 15 25 30

>8≤121000 6 6 8 10 15

2000 10 10 15 20 25

>12≤251000 6 6 6 10 10

2000 8 10 12 16 16

>251000 6 6 6 6 6

2000 8 8 10 10 10

Notes: 1.Thetolerancesapplywhenmeasuredatleast20mmfromthelongitudinaledgesand100mmfromthetransverseedges2.Wherethedistancebetweenthepointsofcontactisbetween500mmand1000mm,thepermissibledeviationisobtained

asfollows:DISTANCEBETWEENPOINTSOFCONTACTxH 1000WhereH=allowabledeviationfor1000mmNote:ThistableisanextractoftheAS1365(table3.4)HoweverBisalloyinternalmanufacturingtolerancesareconsiderablymorerestrictive

3.Alldimensionsareinmillimetres

35

CuTTIng BISPLATE®

FLAME CuTTIng, PLASMA CuTTIng, LASEr CuTTIng, wATErJET CuTTIng And SAwIng rECoMMEndATIonS

AllgradesofBISPLATE®quenchedandtemperedsteelcanbecutbyeitherthermalcutting,lasercutting,waterjetcuttingorpowersawoperations.Thecuttingoperationscanbecarriedouteitherintheworkshopor,inthecaseofflamecutting,infieldconditions.Boththehighstrengthstructuralgradesandthewearandabrasionresistantgradescanbecutusingthesametypeofequipmentemployedincuttingplaincarbonsteels.

Figure1a:

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LaserCut-Top

PlasmaCut-Top

FlameCut-Top

FlameCut-Bottom

Effects of flame, plasma and laser cutting on plate hardness for a 6 mm AS3597 Grade 700 steel (BiSPLATE® 80). Hardness tests were conducted using the Vickers method and converted to Brinell hardness values (HB).

Distance from Cut Edge (mm)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

Har

dne

ss (B

rinel

l)

36

10

Laser Cut

Plasma Cut

Flame Cut550

500

450

400

350

300

250

Har

dne

ss (B

rinel

l)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Distance from Cut Edge (mm)

CuTTIng oPErATIonS

Dependentonthegradeandthicknessbeingcut,thefollowingoperationscanbeusedonBISPLATE®grades:

•FlameCutting(Oxy-LPG and Oxy-acetylene) •PlasmaCutting•LaserCutting•WaterjetCutting•PowerSawing

Figure1b:

Effects of flame, plasma and laser cutting on plate hardness for a 6 mm BiSPLATE® 500. Hardness tests were conducted using the Vickers method and converted to Brinell hardness values (HB).

Note: Some variations to the hardness profiles of figure: 1a and 1b will occur with changes to cutting speed and plate thickness.

37

FLAME CuTTIng

BothOxy-LPGandOxy-acetyleneprocessesareacceptableforsectioningallthicknessesofBISPLATE®.Withtheseprocesses,thefollowingtechniquesarerecommended:

•Gaspressuretobethesameasforcuttingtheequivalentthicknessinplaincarbonsteel•Reducetravelspeedsby30%whencomparedtotheequivalentthicknessplaincarbonsteelswhenusingastandardcuttingnozzle

•Nozzlesizetobethesameasforequivalentthicknessplaincarbonsteel•Correctselectionofnozzlesizefortheplatethicknessbeingcutisimportanttoensureefficientcuttingandtominimisethewidthoftheheataffectedzone(HAZ)

Aswithallplatesteels,thesmoothnessofthecutisaffectedbysurfacescale.Ifthisispresent,itisadvisabletoremoveitpriortocutting(BISPLATE®isnormallysuppliedintheshotblastedcondition).

UndernormalOxycuttingconditions,thetotalheataffectedzoneadjacenttotheflamecutedgewillextendintotheplateapproximately2-3mm,asshowninfigure1aforBISPLATE®80.Itshouldbenotedthattheheataffectedzoneproducesa‘hard’layeradjacenttotheflamecutedge,witha‘soft’layerinsidethis.Theoriginalplatehardnessreturnsafterthe2-3mmdistancefromthecutedge.ForBISPLATE®500theHAZmayextendasmuchas4-5mmintotheplateasshowninfigure1b.

PreheatingBISPLATE®steelpriortoflamecuttingwillminimisethehardnessoftheflamecutedgeandalsoreducetheriskofdelayedcrackingfromthiscutedge.Thisisparticularlyimportantincoldenvironmentswhereplatetemperatureislessthan20°CandforthehighhardenabilitygradesofBISPLATE®500.

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38

Table1below,givesguidanceonthepreheatrequirements.Itisrecommendedthatthezonetobepreheatedshouldextendatleast75mmeithersideofthelineofcut,withthetemperaturebeingmeasuredontheoppositesurfaceandatadistanceof75mm,asshowninfigure2.

rECoMMEndEd MInIMuM PrEHEAT TEMPErATurES For FLAME CuTTIng oF BISPLATE® grAdES

Table1:

BISPLATE®GRADE PLATETHICKNESS(mm) MINIMUMPREHEATTEMPERATURE(ºC)

60,70 8-32 20

80,80PV5-3132-100

2050

320,4005-3132-100

2050

4506-2021-50

2050

5008-2021-100

50100

39

Figure2:Recommendedpreheatzoneandlocationofpreheatmeasurement.

Iftheflamecutsurfaceistobethefaceofaweldedjoint,theheataffectedzonefromtheflamecuttingneednotberemoved.However,allslagandloosescaleshouldberemovedbylightgrinding,andpriortowelding,thecutsurfaceshouldbedryandfreefromorganicmattersuchasoil,grease,etc(asdirectedbygoodworkshoppractice).

Whenstrippingplates,theuseofmultiplecuttingheadswillhelptominimisedistortionofthecutpieces.Correctnozzlesize,gaspressureandtravelspeedwillalsominimisedistortionduringcutting.Softeningonedgescanalsooccurwhenflamecuttingsmallstrips,eg.50mmwidex50mmthickplate.

QuenchcuttingofBISPLATE®gradestominimisedistortionisnotrecommended,coolinginstillairispreferred.Thetechniqueofstackingplatesduringprofilecuttingshouldalsobeavoided.

Forcomponentcuttingand/orprofilingofsmallpartsanincreaseintemperaturecanoccurandmayaffectthemechanicalpropertiesofthesteel.

Measure preheat temperature here

75 mm 75 mm

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40

SuMMAry oF FLAME CuTTIng rECoMMEndATIonS

•Foroxyprocessesusegaspressuresandnozzlesizesasforanequivalentthicknessofplaincarbonsteel•Foroxyprocessesusecuttingspeedstwothirdsofthatrecommendedforanequivalentthicknessofplaincarbonsteel•Flamecuttingproducesaheataffectedzoneonallgrades.TheriskofdelayedcrackingisreducedbyusingpreheatespeciallyforthickplateandforBISPLATE®500grade

•Usemultiplecuttingheadswhenstrippingplates•Stillaircoolingaftercutting•Donotstackcut•Donotquenchcutplates•Usethermalcrayonsorsurfacethermometerstomeasurepreheattemperatures

rEFErEnCES/FurTHEr rEAdIng

WTIATechnicalNote5“FlameCuttingofSteels.”

PLASMA CuTTIng

PlasmacuttingisanacceptablemethodofsectioningallgradesofBISPLATE®.Theprocessoffersparticularadvantagesofproductivityoverflamecuttinginthicknessesupto20mmusingcurrentlyavailableequipment.Forinstance,thecuttingspeedof6mmBISPLATE®400maybeupto9timesthatrecommendedforconventionalflamecuttingtechniques.

Thecutqualitymaybeinferior,however,duetoroundingofthetopedgesanddifficultyinobtainingasquarecutfaceofbothedges.Guidanceontheoptimumsettingsfornozzlesize,gaspressure,gascompositionandcuttingspeedswillbeprovidedbytheequipmentmanufacturer.BISPLATE®withlowalloycontentsshouldbetreatedsimilarlytoconventionalstructuralsteels.

Theheataffectedzonefromaplasmacutisnarrowerthanthatproducedfromflamecuttingbutpeakhardnessesaregenerallyhigher.Generalrecommendationsfortheremovalofthishardenedzoneareoutlinedbelow.

41

HArdnESS ProFILE CHArACTErISTICS For PLASMA CuTTIng

Table2:

PLATETHICKNESS(mm)RECOMMENDEDDEPTHOF

REMOVAL(mm)PEAKHARDNESS(HB)

BISPLATE®

60,70,80,320,400BISPLATE®

450BISPLATE®

500

5-8 0.4-0.5 430 480 540

>8-12 0.6-0.8 450 480 540

>12-20 1.0-1.2 450 480 540

TheplasmacutHAZtypicallyextends0.5–1.0mmintotheplateundernormalconditions.Asisthecaseforflamecutting,completeremovalbygrindingisrecommendedifcoldformingofthecutplateiscontemplated.

Allothercommentsforflamecuttingregardingpreheating,removaloftheHAZ,strippingandstackcuttingofplateswouldapplytoplasmacutting.

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42

LASEr CuTTIng

LasercuttingisaproductivemethodforsectioningallgradesofBISPLATE®upto12mmthickness,particularlywherehighlevelsofaccuracyandminimaldistortionisrequired.Currently,withthicknessesabove12mm,productivitylevelsdropwhencomparedwithotherprocesses.

Thelasercuttingprocessisunlikeotherthermalcuttinginsofarasthematerialisessentiallyvapourisedfromthekerfratherthanmeltingandremovalbykineticenergy.

Thelaserconcentratesitsenergyintoafocusedbeamresultinginlowlevelsofexcessheat.ThisresultsinverysmallHAZareas(0.05–0.15mm)andsmallkerfs(0.3mm).

CoMPArISon oF FLAME, PLASMA And LASEr CuTTIng on 6 MM BISPLATE® 400

Table3:

PROCESS KERFWIDTH(mm) HAZWIDTH(mm)

FlameCutting 0.9 1.5

PlasmaCutting 3.2 0.5

LaserCutting 0.3 0.2

Cuttingspeedsaretypically5000mm/minandtheedgeisgenerallysquare,burrfreeandminimaldross.

Peakhardnesslevelsarelowerthanthoseobtainedfromalternatecuttingmethodspreviouslydescribed.RemovaloftheHAZisgenerallynotconsiderednecessaryformostapplications,however,forformingoperationsitisadvisedthatBisalloySteels®arecontactedforguidance.

43

PowEr SAwIng

AllBISPLATE®gradescanbecutwithpowersaws,providedlowerbladespeedsandbladepressuresupto50%higherthanthoseusedforcuttingplaincarbonsteelareused.Bestresultshavebeenachievedusingpowersawbladesnormallyrecommendedforcuttingstainlesssteel(generally,bladeshaving4-6teethper25mm).Sawingdirectlyontoaflamecutsurfaceshouldbeavoidedwherepossible.

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44

wATErJET CuTTIng

WaterjetcuttingcanbeperformedonallgradesofBISPLATE®,althoughitswidespreaduseislimitedduetothecurrentmachinesavailableinAustraliaandtheirlowcuttingspeeds.

AkeyadvantageofwaterjetcuttingisthatitleavesthesurfacefreeofHAZ.Cuttingwithoutheatprotectsagainstmetallurgicalchangesintheplate,ensuringoriginalplatemechanicalpropertiesaremaintained.

RecenttestsperformedbytheCSIRODivisionofManufacturingTechnologyonwaterjetcutting8mmBISPLATE®500at40mm/minresultinginnearperfectcutedges.Speedsto75mm/minarepossiblebutwithreducedsmoothnessofthecutedge.

Thewaterjetcutshowsnochangeinmaterialstructureattheedgeofthecut.Thelasercutedgeshowsadistinctchangeinstructuretoadepthof0.2mm.

Bothlasercuttingandwaterjetcuttingareindustrialprocesseswhichshouldbeconsideredbystructuraldesignersandfabricatorsasalternatemeanstoavoidingproblemsassociatedwithfitup,cutedgesquareness,shapeprecision,drossandgrossHAZ’swhichcanoccurwithconventionalthermalcuttingprocesses.

BisalloySteels®wishtothanktheAustralianWeldingjournal,CSIRO-DMT,IanHenderson,CRCforMaterialsWeldingandjoiningandRoryThompson,CSIROIndustryLiasionManagerforinformationpertainingtolaserandwaterjetcuttingcontainedinthispublication.

45

wELdIng oF BISPLATE® QuEnCHEd And TEMPErEd STEELS

gEnErAL InForMATIon

AllgradesofBISPLATE®canbereadilyweldedusinganyoftheconventionallowhydrogenweldingprocesses.

Theirlowcarboncontentandcarefullybalanced,butrelativelysmalladditionsofalloyingelements(Mn,Cr,Mo,Ni,B)ensuresgoodweldability,inadditiontotheadvantagesofhighstrength,impacttoughnessandhighhardness.

HydrogEn ConTroL

ToensureadequateweldingofBISPLATE®,itisnecessarytobemoremindfulofthelevelsofhydrogen,preheattemperaturesandarcenergyinputsinordertominimisethehardeningandmaintainthepropertiesoftheweldHeatAffectedZone(HAZ).

ParticularattentionmustbepaidtothecontrolofhydrogencontenttominimisetheriskofweldandHAZcracking.

Weldhydrogencontentisminimisedbycarefulattentiontothecleanlinessanddrynessofthejointpreparationsandtheuseofhydrogencontrolledweldingconsumables.

Recommendationsonthecorrectstorageandhandlingofconsumablesmaybeobtainedfromweldingconsumablemanufacturers,forinstancetheuseof“HotBoxes”forstorageandreconditioningarerequiredwhenusingmanualmetalarcweldingelectrodes.ReferWTIATechNote3forfurtherguidance.

HEAT AFFECTEd zonE ProPErTy ConTroL

TheHAZ,aregiondirectlyadjacenttotheweld,experiencesathermalcyclerangingfromunaffectedparentplatetonearmeltingatthefusionboundary.

Thepropertiesofthiszonearedeterminedbythesteelcompositionaswellasthecoolingrate.

46

STEEL CoMPoSITIon

BISPLATE®gradesandchemicalcompositionsmaybedividedintocategoriesbasedonCarbonEquivalentandCETasfollows:

Table1:

BISPLATE®GRADE PLATETHICKNESS(mm)CARBONEQUIVALENT(IIW)

TYPICALAVERAGECET

TYPICALAVERAGE

60,70,80,320,400 5-12 0.40 0.29

60,70,80,320,400 13-80 0.50 0.35

60,70,80,320,400 81-100 0.58 0.34

4506-2025-50

0.460.58

0.300.36

500 8-100 0.62 0.42

Notes:1. C.E.(IIW)=C+Mn+Cr+Mo+V+Cu+Ni 6 5152. CET=C+Mn+Mo+Cr+Cu+Ni 10 2040 Thesecategoriesgiveanindicationofthedegreeofcarerequiredintheproperselectionofweldingpreheat/heatinputs.

47

CooLIng rATE

LimitationsonbothpreheatandheatinputarenecessarytoensurethattheHAZcoolsatanappropriaterateandthatthecorrecthardnessandmicrostructureareachieved.TooslowacoolingratecanresultinasoftHAZandthusalossoftensileandfracturetoughnessproperties.ToorapidacoolingrateproducesahardHAZwhichmaycauselossofductility.Coolingiscontrolledbyabalancebetweenpreheatandheatinputforaparticularplatethicknessandjointconfiguration.

PrEHEAT/HEAT InPuT

Thepreheat/heatinputrecommendationsoutlinedintables2and3willensurethatthecoolingrateoftheHAZissatisfactory.

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48

rECoMMEndEd PrEHEAT/InTErPASS TEMPErATurES (°C) For BISPLATE®

Table2:

BISPLATE®GRADEJOINTCOMBINEDTHICKNESS(t1+t2+t3)(mm)

<30 ≥30≤40 >40<50 ≥50<100 ≥100

MinimumPreheatTemp°C

HighStrengthStructuralGrades

60(AS3597Grade500) Nil* 50 50 75 140

70(AS3597Grade600) Nil* 50 50 75 140

80(AS3597Grade700) Nil* 50 50 75 140

MinimumPreheatTemp°C

AbrasionResistantGrades

320 Nil* 75 75 125 150

400 Nil* 75 75 125 150

450 Nil* Nil* 100 125*** **

500 100 150 150 150 **

MaximumInterpassTempºC

80-450Grades 150 150 175 200 220

500Grade 150 175 175 200 220

*Chillmustberemovedfromplatespriortowelding**RefertoBisalloySteels®foravailability,preheat/interpassrequirements

***Areduced100ºCminpreheatcanbeusedforproduct≥50–60JCTNotethatunderrigidweldjointrestraintorhighambienthumidityconditions preheatingtemperatureshouldbeincreasedby25ºC

49

PErMISSIBLE HEAT InPuT (kJ/MM) For BISPLATE®

Table3:

WELDINGPROCESSJOINTCOMBINEDTHICKNESS(t1+t2+t3)(mm)

≤40 >40≤60 >60≤100 >100

MMAW 1.25-2.5 1.25-3.5 1.5-4.5 1.5-5.0

GMAW 1.0-2.5 1.0-3.5 1.5-4.5 1.5-5.0

FCAW 0.8-2.5 0.8-3.5 1.5-4.5 1.5-5.0

SAW 1.0-2.5 1.0-3.5 1.5-4.5 1.5-5.0

Heatinput(kJ/mm)=VoltsxAmpsx0.06 TravelSpeed(mm/minute)

Note:Forthicknessesupto12mminstructuralgrades,themaximumarcenergymayneedtobelimitedto1.5KJ/mmmaximuminspecificapplications

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50

wELdIng BISPLATE®

wELdIng ConSuMABLE SELECTIon guIdE For BISPLATE® (AS CLASSIFICATIonS)

Table4a:

BISPLATE®60

BISPLATE®

70BISPLATE®

80BISPLATE®

320,400,450,500

MMAWConsumables*

Warning:OnlyuseHydrogenControlledconsumables

StrengthLevel Matching E55XX/E62XX+ E69XX~ E76XX N.R.Lower E49XX E55XX E55XX/E62XX+ E55XXLower E49XX E49XX E49XX E49XX

Hardness Matching N.R. N.R. N.R. 1430-AX,1855-AX^

GMAWConsumables**StrengthLevel Matching W55XX/W62XX+ W69XX+ W76XX N.R.

Lower W50XX W55XX W62XX/W69XX W55XXLower W50XX W50XX W55XX.X W50XX

Hardness Matching N.R. N.R. N.R. 1855-BX^

FCAWConsumables***StrengthLevel Matching BT55X/BT62X+ BT69X~ BT76X N.R.

Lower BT49X BT62X BT62X BT55XLower BT49X BT55X BT55X BT49X

Hardness Matching N.R. N.R. N.R. 1430-BX,1855-BX,1860-BX^

SAWConsumables****StrengthLevel Matching W55XX/W62XX+ W69XX~ W76XX N.R.

Lower W50XX W50XX W50XX W50XXLower W40XX W40XX W40XX W40XX


Table4acourtesyofWTIA(TechNote15)

51

Notes:* MMAW-AS/NZS4855consumableclassification** GMAW-AS2717.1consumableclassification*** FCAW-AS/NZS17632andAS/NZS18276consumableclassification**** SAW-AS1858.1andAS1858.2consumableclassificationX AVariable-anyvalueallowedbytherelevantstandardmaybeacceptableprovidedthattheconsumableishydrogen

controlled(ielowhydrogen)+ E62XXandW62XXtypeconsumablesovermatchthestrengthrequirementsbutmaybeused~ TheseConsumablesmaybedifficulttoobtain.InsomecasesE62XX,W62XXorBT62Xconsumablesmaybe

substituted,otherwiseuseE76XX,W76XXorBT76Xtypes^ AS2576andWTIATN4ClassificationsN.R.NotRecommended

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52

wELdIng ConSuMABLE SELECTIon guIdE For BISPLATE® (AwS CLASSIFICATIonS)

Table4b:

BISPLATE®60

BISPLATE®

70BISPLATE®

80BISPLATE®

320,400,450,500

MMAWConsumables*

Warning:OnlyuseHydrogenControlledconsumables

StrengthLevel Matching E80XX/E90XX+ E100XX~ E110XX N.R.Lower E70XX E80XX E80XX/E90XX E80XXLower E70XX E70XX E70XX E70XX

Hardness Matching N.R. N.R. N.R. 1430-AX,1855-AX^

GMAWConsumables**StrengthLevel Matching ER80S-X/ER90S-X+ ER100S-X~ ER110S-X N.R.

Lower ER70S-X ER80S-X ER90S-X/ER100S-X ER80S-XLower ER70S-X ER70S-X ER80S-X ER70S-X


FCAWConsumables***StrengthLevel Matching E8XTX-X/E9XTX-X+ E10XTX-X~ E11XTX-X N.R.

Lower E7XTX-X E9XTX-X E9XTX-X E8XTX-XLower E7XTX-X E8XTX-X E8XTX-X E7XTX-X

Hardness Matching N.R. N.R. N.R. 1430-BX,1855-BX,1860-BX^

SAWConsumables****StrengthLevel Matching F8XX/F9XX+ F10XX~ F11XX N.R.

Lower F7XX F7XX F7XX F7XXLower F6XX F6XX F6XX F6XX


Table4bcourtesyofWTIA(TechNote15)

53

Notes:* MMAW–AWSA5.1-2004andAWSA5.5consumableclassification** GMAW–AWSA5.18-2005andAWSA5.28consumableclassification*** FCAW–AWSA5.20-2005andAWSA5.29consumableclassification**** SAW–AWSA5.17-1997andAWSA5.23consumableclassificationX AVariable-anyvalueallowedbytherelevantstandardmaybeacceptableprovidedthattheconsumableishydrogen

controlled(ielowhydrogen)+ E90XX,ER90S,E9XTXandF9XXtypeconsumablesovermatchthestrengthrequirementsbutmaybeused~ TheseConsumablesmaybedifficulttoobtain.InsomecasesE90XX,ER90S,E9XTXorF9XXtypeconsumablesmay

besubstituted,otherwiseuseE110XX,ER110S,E11XTXorF11XXtypes^ AS2576WTIATN4ClassificationsN.R.NotRecommended

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54

wELdIng ConSuMABLES For MAnuAL METAL ArC wELdIng (MMAw)

Table5:

BRANDS BISPLATE®60 BISPLATE®70 BISPLATE®80BISPLATE®

320,400,450,500

CIGWELDM.S. Alloycraft90

Alloycraft90(under)Alloycraft110(over)

Alloycraft110 N.R.

L.S.Ferrocraft61

Ferrocraft16TwincoatFerrocraft61



Ferrocraft16Twincoat

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. Cobalarc350,650or750

Lincoln M.S. Conarc70G Conarc80+ Conarc80,Conarc85+ N.R.

L.S.Conarc49C,

Easyarc7018-1Conarc49C,



Easyarc7018-1

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.

W.I.A M.S. N.R. WeldwellPH118 WeldwellPH118 N.R.

L.S.Austarc16TC,18TCor

Austarc77Austarc16TC,18TC

Austarc77N.R.

Austarc16TC,18TCAustarc77

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. AbrasoCord350,700

SpecialisedWeldingProducts(SWP)

^WAG=WeldingAlloysGroup

M.S. MetrodeE9018-D1 MetrodeE10018-D2 MetrodeE11018-M N.R.

L.S.WAG^Speedarc7018-1-EWAG^Speedarc7016-E

WAG^Speedarc7018-1-EWAG^Speedarc7016-E

WAG^Speedarc7018-1-EWAG^Speedarc7016-E

N.R.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.

MetrodeMethard350MetrodeMethard650WAG^Hardface400-EWAG^HardfaceL-E

MAnuFACTurErS’ wELdIng ConSuMABLES

WeldingConsumablessuitableformatchingstrength,lowerstrengthandmatchinghardnessarereadilyavailablefromarangeofconsumablemanufacturersasperfollowingtables5to8.

55

M.S.–MatchingStrengthL.S.–LowerStrengthM.H.–MatchingHardnessN.R.–NotRecommendedN.A.–NotAvailableN.B.–Consumablesinbracketswillmatchmechanicalpropertyrequirementsinthemajorityofinstancesaspermanufacturer’srecommendationsandwheretheappropriateweldprocedureisapplied.WeldQualificationproceduresshouldbecarriedouttoestablishactualWeldmetalproperties.

+Overmatchingstrength**C02ormixedgas

we

ldin

g B

isP

lat

e®

Table5:Continued


320,400,450,500

SMENCO/EutecticCastolin

M.S. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.R.

L.S. Eutectrode66*66 Eutectrode66*66 Eutectrode66*66 Eutectrode66*66


ESAB M.S. OK74.70 OK74.86 OK75.75 N.A.

L.S. OK48.08,OK48.04 OK48.08,OK48.04 OK48.08,OK48.04 N.A.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.OK83.28(30HRC)

OK83.50(50-60HRC)

56

wELdIng ConSuMABLES For gAS METAL ArC wELdIng (gMAw)

Table6:


320,400,450,500

CIGWELD/STOODY

ContactBisalloyorCigweldforshielding

gasinformation

M.S. AutocraftMnMoAutocraftMnMo(Under)AutocraftNiCrMo(Over)

AutocraftNiCrMo N.R.

L.S.AutocraftLW1orAutocraftLW1-6

AutocraftLW1orAutocraftLW1-6



M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. AutocraftHF650

Lincoln M.S. LNMNi1 LNMNi1(UM) LNMMoNiVa N.R.

L.S. UltraMagS4UltraMagS6**

UltraMagS4UltraMagS6**




W.I.AM.S.

AustmigESD2/CO2orMixedGas AustmigNiCrMo+ AustmigNiCrMo N.R.

L.S.AustmigES6/CO2orMixedGas

AustmigES6/CO2orMixedGas



M.H. N.A. N.A. N.A. TD600/CO2orMixedGas


M.S. SWPD2 SWP110+ SWP110 N.R.

L.S. SWPS6 SWPS6 SWPS6 N.R.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.SWPHF350SWPHF600

SMENCO/EutecticCastolin M.S. AN45252+/

CO2orMixedGasAN45252+/

CO2orMixedGas

AN45252/CO2orMixedGas

N.R.

L.S.DO*65/CO2orMixedGas

DO*65/CO2orMixedGas

DO*65/CO2orMixedGas

DO*65/CO2orMixedGas

57


+Overmatchingstrength**C02ormixedgas

we

ldin

g B

isP

lat

e®

Table6:Continued


320,400,450,500

ESABM.S.

OKAristoRod13.09MixedGas

OKAristoRod55MixedGas

OKAristoRod69MixedGas

N.A.

L.S.OKAristoRod12.50CO2orMixedGas

OKAristoRod12.50CO2orMixedGas

OKAristoRod12.50CO2orMixedGas

N.A.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.OKAutoRod13.89(30-40HRC)OKAutoRod13.90(50-60HRC)

58

wELdIng ConSuMABLES For FLux CorEd ArC wELdIng (FCAw)

Table7:


320,400,450,500

CIGWELD/STOODY

ContactBisalloyorCigweldforshieldinggasinformation

M.S.Seamless Verticor91K2H4

Verticor91K2H4(Under)***Verticor111K3H4(Over)Tensicor110TXPH4(Over)Metalcor110H4(Over)

***Verticor111K3H4Tensicor110TXPH4Metalcor110H4

N.R.

L.S.Seamless(E6XT-X) VerticorXPLTH4 VerticorXPLTH4 VerticorXPLTH4 VerticorXPLTH4

L.S.Seamless

Verticor3XPH4Verticor5XPH4Metalcor5H4

Verticor81Ni1H4


Verticor81Ni1H4


Verticor81Ni1H4


Verticor81Ni1H4

L.S.Seamed

Verticor3XPSuprecor5MetalcorXP

Verticor81Ni181Ni2


Verticor81Ni181Ni2


Verticor81Ni181Ni2


Verticor81Ni1,81Ni2

L.S.SelfShielded

Shieldcor8XPShieldcor8Ni




M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.StoodySuperBuild-Up-G

Stoody965-GStoody965AP-G

Lincoln M.S. Outershield91Ni1-HSR Outershield91Ni1-HSR(UM) Outershield690-H N.R.

L.S. Outershield81Ni1,71-MX,71-CXInnershieldNR-232,NR-233,NS-3M

Outershield81Ni71-MX,71-CXInnershieldNR-232,NR-233,NS-3M

Outershield81Ni-H,71-MX,71-CXInnershieldNR-232,NR-233,NS-3M

Outershield81Ni1,71-MX,71-CXInnershieldNR-232,NR-233,NS-3M

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. Lincore33,Lincore36LS,Lincore55-G

W.I.A/HobartBrothers M.S.

Austfil81N1M/MixedGasTM-71HYD/CO2

TM-811N2/CO2orMixedGasFabCO110K3M/MixedGas FabCO110K3M/MixedGas N.R

L.S.

Austfil71T-1/CO2Austfil70C-6M,71T-1M/MixedGas

FormulaXL-525/MixedGasFabshield4,XLR-8

TM-991K2/CO2orMixedGasAustfil81N1M/MixedGas

TM-71HYD/CO2TM-811N2/CO2orMixedGasMetalloy80N1/MixedGas

TM-991K2/CO2orMixedGasAustfil81N1M/MixedGas

TM-71HYD/CO2TM-811N2/CO2orMixedGasMetalloy80N1/MixedGas

Austfil70C-6M,71T-1M,81N1M/MixedGas

Austfil71T-1,TM-71HYD/CO2

TM-811N2/CO2orMixedGasMetalloy80N1/MixedGasFormulaXL-525/MixedGas

Fabshield4,XLR-8

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R. Vertiwear600/MixedGas

59

M.S.–MatchingStrengthL.S.–LowerStrengthM.H.–MatchingHardnessN.R.–NotRecommendedN.A.–NotAvailableN.B.–Consumablesinbracketswillmatchmechanicalpropertyrequirementsinthemajorityofinstancesaspermanufacturer’srecommendationsandwheretheappropriateweldprocedureisapplied.WeldQualificationproceduresshouldbecarriedouttoestablishactualWeldmetalproperties.+Overmatchingstrength**C02ormixedgas***Verticor111K3H4notrecommendedforplatethicknessover20mm

we

ldin

g B

isP

lat

e®

Table7continued:


320,400,450,500

SMENCO/EutecticCastolin

M.S. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

L.S. TeromatecOA2020 TeromatecOA2020 TeromatecOA2020 TeromatecOA2020


SpecialisedWeldingProducts

(SWP)^WAG=WeldingAlloysGroup

M.S.WAG^RobofilRNi1+WAG^RobofilMNi1WAG^RobofilBNi1

WAG^RobofilR690+WAG^RobofilM700WAG^RobofilB700


N.R.

L.S.WAG^RobofilR71+WAG^RobofilM71WAG^RobofilB71



N.R.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.

WAG^RobodurK350-GWAG^RobodurK450-GWAG^RobodurK600-GWAG^HardfaceT-GWAG^HardfaceP-GWAG^HardfaceL-GWAG^HardfaceLP-G

ESAB M.S. DualshieldII80-Ni1H4MixedGas DualshieldT-100CO2ShieldingGas DualshieldT-115CO2orMixedGas N.A.

L.S. Dualshield7100UltraMixedGasDualshieldII80-Ni1H4MixedGasDualshield7100UltraMixedGas

DualshieldII80-Ni1H4MixedGasDualshield7100UltraMixedGas

N.A.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.OKTubrodur15.40(30-40HRC)CO2OKTubrodur15.52(55-60HRC)

CO2orSelfShielded

60

wELdIng ConSuMABLES For SuBMErgEd ArC wELdIng (SAw)

Table8:


320,400,450,500

CIGWELDM.S. N.A.

AutocraftNiCrMo(Over)/Satinarc4

AutocraftNiCrMo/Satinarc4

N.R.

L.S.AutocraftSA1SA2/Satinarc4or15

AutocraftSA1SA2/Satinarc4or15



M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.Stoody105or107/StoodySFlux

LincolnM.S.

LincolnweldLA-90/880Mor8500

LincolnweldLAC-690/880M/888+

LincolnweldLAC-690/880M/888

N.R.

L.S. L-60/L-61/761,860,960Flux L-60/L-61/761,860,960Flux L-60/L-61/761,860,960Flux L-60/L-61/761,860,960

M.H. N.R. N.R. LC25-S/880FluxLincore30-S,Lincore42-S,Lincore50/880or802Flux

ESAB M.S. OKTubrod15.24S+OK10.62 OKTubrod13.43+OK10.62 OKTubrod15.27S+OK10.62 N.A.

L.S. OK12.22/OK10.71 OK12.22/OK10.71 OK12.22/OK10.71 N.A.

M.H. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.


^WAG=WeldingAlloysGroup

M.S. S3Ni1MoWire/BF10Flux S3Ni1MoWire/BF10Flux S3Ni2.5CrMoWire/BF10Flux N.R.

L.S.SWPEM12KWire/WAG^

WAF325FluxSWPEM12KWire/WAG^

WAF325FluxSWPEM12KWire/WAG^

WAF325FluxN.R.

M.H. N.R. N.R. N.R.

WAG^HardfaceT-SWire/WAG^WAF325Flux

WAG^HardfaceP-SWire/WAG^WAF325Flux

WAG^HardfaceL-S/WAG^WAF325Flux

61


+Overmatchingstrength

Atthetimeofprintingallconsumableslistedwerecurrent/accuratebutconsultconsumablemanufacturerforuptodateinformation.

wELdIng ProCEdurES

Thespecificeffectsofweldingonweldjointpropertiesinanypracticalsituationwilldependonmanyfactorsincludingthechoiceofconsumables,totalweldheatinput,levelofrestraint,weldgeometryandproximityofadjacentwelds.

GuidanceonweldproceduresforspecificapplicationsmaybesoughtfromBisalloytechnicalstafforconsumablesuppliers.

ArC STrIkES

Arcstrikesoutsidetheweldedzonecanresultincracks,particularlyondynamicallyloadedstructures.Allstrikesshouldbemadewithinthejointpreparation.

TACk wELdIng

Tackweldsrequirespecialcareduetotheabnormalstressesandhighcoolingratesexperiencedbytheadjacentmaterial.Thesamepreheat,heatinputrequirementsshouldbeemployedandlowerstrengthweldingconsumablesconsidered.

we

ldin

g B

isP

lat

e®

62

FILLET wELdIng

GoodfilletweldingtechniquesareimportantinweldingQ&Tsteelsbecauseoftenveryhighstressesareappliedinservice.Itisessentialthatweldshavegoodrootpenetration,besmooth,correctlycontouredandwellflaredintothelegsofthejoinedpieces.Lowerstrengthconsumablesaresuggestedwhendesignpermits.

WTIATech.Note15providesguidanceoncorrectproceduresforfilletwelding.

rEPAIr work

Itisgoodpracticetoweldrepairwithlowerstrengthconsumables(lowhydrogentype),sinceplatematerialswhichhavebeenhighlystressedinservicemaytendtowarpordistortslightlyduringweldingandimprovedductilitymayberequired.Insomesituations,suchasjointsunderrestraint,jointssubjectedtoimpact/fatiguestresses,etc,specialweldingconsumablesmaybenecessary.

wELdIng STrESSES

Itshouldbeemphasisedthattherecommendedvaluesofpreheatandheatinputarebasedonlowtomoderatelevelsofrestraint.Forconditionsofhighrestraintitisimportanttominimisethedegreetowhichfreecontractionishamperedanditmaybenecessarytousehigherpreheats.Properweldingsequenceandsmalljointconfigurationswouldbeconsideredimportantinhighrestraintsituationsanditisadvisabletoestablishweldingparameterswithsimulatedfullscaleweldtests.

Careshouldalsobeexercisedattheassemblystagetoavoidoffsetandangulardistortionattheplateedge,undercuttingandbadappearance.

STrESS rELIEF

StressreliefmaybeconductedonBISPLATE®60,70,80and80PVgradesbutisadvisableonlyifabsolutelynecessary(eg.tocomplywithAS1210inthecaseofroadtankers).Stressreliefisrecommendedwithina540-570°Ctemperaturerangeforonehourper25mmofthickness.ThermalcyclingisgenerallyperformedinaccordancewithAS1210CoderequirementsforQ&Tsteels.Thetoesofweldbeadsshouldbedressedbygrindingpriortoanystressrelieftreatmentinordertopreventstressreliefcracking.

63

WhenstressrelievingBISPLATE®≤12mm(typically0.40CE(IIW))andmatchingstrengthacrosstheweldisarequirement,itisrecommendedtoweldwithminimumpermissiblepreheat/interpasstemperatures(Table2)andheatinput(Table3)conditionstominimisethedegreeofsofteningoranylossofstrengthwhichmayoccurintheHAZ.

ConsultBisalloySteels®forfurtherinformationifrequired.

PoST-wELd HEATIng

Post-weldheatingat200-250°CmaybeconductedasaneffectivehydrogendissolutiontreatmentparticularlywhenconsumablesotherthanH5orH10areused.

HELPFuL HInTS

GeneralrulesforgoodqualityweldingofBISPLATE®:•Usealowhydrogenprocess,eg.GMAW(MIG),FCAW(gasshielded)•Adheretothecorrectrulesforstorageandhandlingoflowhydrogenconsumablesperthemanufacturers’recommendations,orWTIATech.Note3

•Cleanjointareaofallcontaminantspriortowelding•Remove1-2mmfromflamecutorgougedsurfacesbygrinding•Selecttherecommendedpreheat,interpassandheatinputparameters•Positionfordownhandweldingwherepossible•Alwaysusestringerbeads,neverwideweaves•Uselowerstrengthconsumablesonrootrunsandfilletwelds(whenthedesignpermits)•Usetemperbeadswhennecessary•Arcstrikestobemadeinthejointpreparation•Particularattentionshouldbegiventotackweldsrepreheat,heatinputandjointcleanlinessrequirements•Grindingtoesoffilletweldsisparticularlyimportantinfatigueapplications

rEFErEnCES/FurTHEr rEAdIng

•AS1554Part4WeldingofQ&TSteels•AS1554Part5WeldingofSteelStructuresSubjecttoHighLevelsofFatigueLoading•WTIATechnicalNote15•WTIATechnicalNote3•WTIATechnicalNote1

we

ldin

g B

isP

lat

e®

64

BEndIng, roLLIng, ForMIng, SHEArIng And PunCHIng BISPLATE®

ForMIng

CoLd ForMIng

AlloftheBISPLATE®quenchedandtemperedsteelgradescanbecoldformed,usingbrakepressbendingorplaterollingtechniques.

However,withanincreaseinbothhardnessandyieldstresscomparedtoplaincarbonsteelgrades,suitableconsiderationofsufficientmachinepower,platebendingdirectionandformerradiimustbemade.

Inaddition,springbackallowancesshouldbegreaterthanforplaincarbonsteelandwilldependonthetypeofforming.Plateedgesshouldbegroundsmooth,andforthickplatesandhighhardnessgrades,theplateedgesshouldberoundedpriortoforming.

Itisrecommendedforthehighhardnessgradesthatwherepossiblethebendaxisbeatrightanglestotheplaterollingdirection(transversebending).Forplate16mmandaboveinBISPLATE®500grade,itissuggestedbendingbedoneinthetransversedirectiononly(refertofigure1a).

Figure1a:

Figure1b:

Figure2:

Schematic of transverse bend direction.

Plate Rolling Direction

Ben

d A

xis

Schematic of longitudinal bend direction.

Plate Rolling Direction

Bend Axis

Schematic diagram of brake press bending.

W = Width t = Thickness r = Radius

65

MInIMuM ForMEr rAdII (r) In MM For CoLd ForMIng

Table1followinggivestheminimumformerradiiforcoldformingoftheBISPLATE®grades(wherepossiblealargerformerradiishouldbeused).

Table1:

BISPLATE®GRADE 60 70 80 320,400 450 500

BendDirection T L T L T L T L T L T L

PlateThickness(t)(mm)5681012162025324050

121212151824405064100140

121516202432506280120190

121212151824405080110150

121516202432506295130200

1215202530456575100125150

1215202530456575110140200

1520253035507080110170300

202535455575100125175250–

–253240486480100130160200

–3040506080100130160200250

––40506085100150250––

––7090110––––––

T:TransverseBendingDirection(refertofigure1a)L:LongitudinalBendingDirection(refertofigure1b)

Notesre:Table11.Abovevaluesweredeterminedforplateatatemperatureof30°C.Ifminimumformerradiivaluesaretobeused,plate

temperatureshouldbeatleast30°C,maximum100°C.Ifformingatatemperaturelessthan30°C,anincreaseinformerradiiofminimum50%mustbemade

2.Whenpressingisbeingdoneinasinglepassoperation,anincreaseinformerradiiofminimum50%mustbemade3.Whenformingusingtheseminimumformerradii,flamecuthardenededge(heataffectedzoneof1-2mm)shouldberemoved4.Theuseofsmallerformerradiithaninthetableisnotrecommended5.Forbestcoldformingresults,ensureadequatelubricationbetweentheplate,dieandformer6.Dieopenings:refertoTable3

66

CAPACITy oF PrESS

AllBISPLATE®gradeshaveyieldandtensilestrengthshigherthanforplaincarbonsteel.

Itisimportantthatthecapacityofthemachineissuitable,bendingpressmanufacturersprovideinformationonbendingloadsinrelationtoV-blockopening,platethicknessandsteelstrength.

Table2givesanindicationoftheapproximatebendingforcerequiredwhenformingBISPLATE®grades,comparedtoplaincarbonsteel(e.g.AS3678-Grade250).

Approximatebendingforce(P)requiredforBISPLATE®grades,comparedtoplaincarbonsteel,foragivenforminggeometry(referfigure2).

67

Table2:

STEELGRADE BENDINGFORCE(P)

AS3678Grade250 P

BISPLATE® 60 2.0P

70 2.4P

80 2.8P

320 4.0P

400 5.0P

450 5.2P

500 6.4P

ApproximateDieOpenings(referfig2)

Table3:

BISPLATE®GRADEW/tTRANSVERSE

BENDINGW/tLONGITUDINAL

BENDING

607080320400450500

6.06.07.08.58.510.010.0

7.57.58.510.010.012.012.0

HoT ForMIng

TheoperationofhotformingisnotrecommendedfortheBISPLATE®grades,ashotformingisgenerallydoneatahightemperature(900-1000°C)whichexceedsthetemperingtemperature.

Asaresult,themechanicalpropertiesofquenchedandtemperedsteelswillbereducedconsiderably.

However,ifhotformingisunavoidable,itisessentialthatthecomponentberequenchedandtemperedtorestoreoriginalmechanicalproperties.

SHEArIng And PunCHIng

ShearingandpunchingofthelowerhardnessBISPLATE®gradescanbedonesuccessfully,providedamachineofsufficientpowerandstabilityisused.

BISPLATE®60,70and80gradescannormallybecoldshearedupto25mmthickness.However,thenecessaryshearingforceisintheorderof2-3timesthatrequiredforplaincarbonsteelgrades.ThegradesofBISPLATE®400,450and500shouldnotbeconsideredforshearing.

Theguillotinebladesshouldbeverysharpandsetwithaclearanceof0.25–0.40mm.Note,themaximumlimitingthicknessforcoldpunchingareapproximatelyhalfthecoldshearingvalues.

Be

nd

ing

ro

llin

g f

or

Min

g s

He

ar

ing

& P

un

cH

ing

68

MAxIMuM THICknESS For CoLd SHEArIng And PunCHIng

Table4:

BISPLATE®GRADE COLDSHEARING COLDPUNCHING

607080320400450500

25mm25mm25mm10mm

NotRecommendedNotRecommendedNotRecommended

12mm12mm12mm6mm

NotRecommendedNotRecommendedNotRecommended

69

drILLIng, CounTErSInkIng And TAPPIng BISPLATE®

gEnErAL InForMATIon

AllgradesofBISPLATE®areabletobedrilled,countersunkandtappedalthough,aswithmostfabricationaspects,careshouldbetakenwiththesegradesofsteel.

Inallcases,suitablehighpoweredandrigiddrillingequipmentshouldbeused.

drILLIng oF HIgH STrEngTH STruCTurAL grAdES

WhendrillingthestructuralBISPLATE®grades60,70and80theuseofcobalttypehighspeedsteeldrillsisrecommended.Drillsequippedwithreplaceablecarbideinsertscanalsobeused.

drILLIng oF wEAr/ABrASIon rESISTAnT grAdES

BISPLATE®320,400and450gradesmaybedrilledwitheithercobalttypehighspeedsteeldrillsordrillsequippedwithreplaceablecarbideinserts.

WithregardstothedrillingofBISPLATE®500grade,werecommendonlytheuseofdrillsequippedwithreplaceablecarbideinserts.

rECoMMEndATIonS For IMProVEd rESuLTS

•Thesupportingbarsundertheplateshouldbeplacedasclosetotheholeaspossible•Ifpossible,useaplaincarbonsteelbackingplateundertheBISPLATE®

•Thedrillingheadshouldbeplacedascloseaspossibletothemainsupport•Shortlengthdrillsarepreferred•Thelastpartoftheholetobedrilledshouldbedonewithmanualfeed•Usageofadequatecoolant(waterandoilemulsionmixture)

dr

illi

ng

, co

un

te

rs

ink

ing

an

d t

aP

Pin

g

70

APProxIMATE FEEdS And SPEEdS uSIng CoBALT TyPE HIgH SPEEd STEEL drILLS

Table1:

STEELGRADEPERIPHERAL

SPEED(m/min)

R.P.M.(UPPERFIGURES)ANDFEEDPERREVOLUTION(mm)FORGIVENDRILLSIZE HARDNESS(HB)

5mm 10mm 15mm 20mm 25mm 30mm

AS3678-Grade250 ~2314650.10

7350.15

4900.20

3700.25

2950.35

2450.4

~120

BISPLATE®60 ~2012800.10

6400.10

4250.16

3200.23

2550.30

2100.35

~220

BISPLATE®70 ~1912100.10

6100.10

4100.16

3000.23

2400.30

2000.35

~240

BISPLATE®80 ~1811500.10

5750.10

3900.16

2900.23

2300.30

1900.35

~260

BISPLATE®320 ~127600.07

3800.10

2500.16

1900.23

1500.30

1300.35

320(min)

BISPLATE®400 ~95700.05

2850.10

1900.16

1500.23

1100.30

900.35

370(min)

BISPLATE®450 ~74400.05

2200.09

1500.15

1100.20

900.25

750.30

425(min)

Note:Thistableapplieswhencobalttypehighspeeddrillsareusedwithacuttingfluid,ifnofluidisusedthespeedsshownabovemustbereduced

71

DrillTipConfigurationforCobaltTypeHighSpeedDrills

Fig2:

ApproximateFeedsandSpeedsUsingDrillsWithReplaceableCarbideInserts

rECoMMEndEd drILL TIP ConFIgurATIon For CoBALT TyPE HIgH SPEEd drILLS

Table2:

BISPLATE®GRADE POINTANGLE LIP/CLEARANCEANGLE

607080

118deg.118deg.118deg.

10deg.10deg.10deg.

320400,450

125deg.150deg.

7.5deg.5deg.

Point AngleSchematic of Drill Tip

Lip/Clearance Angle

dr

illi

ng

, co

un

te

rs

ink

ing

an

d t

aP

Pin

g

72

APProxIMATE FEEdS And SPEEdS uSIng drILLS wITH rEPLACEABLE CArBIdE InSErTS

Table3:

BISPLATE®GRADE INSERTGRADE SURFACESPEED(m/min) FEEDRATE(mm/rev) BRINELLHARDNESS

60 1020 125-210 0.06-0.18 ~220

70 1020 125-210 0.06-0.18 ~240

80 1020 125-210 0.06-0.18 ~260

320 1020 125-210 0.06-0.18 320-360

400 H13A 125-210 0.06-0.18 370-430

450 H13A 70-90 0.06-0.14 425-475

500 H13A 70-90 0.06-0.12 500(avg)

Note:AbovedrillingrecommendationsarebasedonusingaSandvikCoromantUdrillandisbasedonholesizesof12.7-60mmdiameter.Throughthetoolcoolantmustbeused.Itmaybenecessarytousedifferentinsertgradesandgeometriestosuittheapplication.

FurtherinformationcanbeobtainedfromyourlocalSandvikCoromantoffice.

73

CounTErSInkIng And CounTErBorIng

CountersinkingandcounterboringofholesispossibleinallBISPLATE®gradeswithbestperformanceobtainedusingtoolswitharevolvingpilot.Thepilotincreasesthestabilityandallowstoolswithreplaceablecarbideinsertstobeused.

CobalttypehighspeedsteeldrillswithapilotcanbeusedfortheBISPLATE®grades60,70,80,320,400and450.Thecuttingdatawillvaryfrommachinetomachine.Acoolantshouldbeused.ReplaceablecarbideinserttoolsshouldbeusedonBISPLATE®500grade.

CuTTIng SPEEdS And FEEdS wHEn uSIng HIgH SPEEd STEEL CoBALT TyPE TooLS

Table4:

BISPLATE®GRADE

CUTTINGSPEED(m/min)

ø16 ø20 ø25 ø32 ø40 ø60

RPM FEED(mm/r) RPM FEED

(mm/r) RPM FEED(mm/r) RPM FEED


(mm/r)

60 10-12 250 0.05-0.2 200 0.05-0.2 160 0.07-0.3 110 0.07-0.3 90 0.07-0.3 70 0.07-0.3

70 9-11 210 0.05-0.2 170 0.05-0.2 130 0.07-0.3 90 0.07-0.3 60 0.07-0.3 60 0.07-0.3

80 7-9 170 0.05-0.2 130 0.05-0.2 100 0.07-0.3 70 0.07-0.3 60 0.07-0.3 40 0.07-0.3

320 6-8 150 0.05-0.2 120 0.05-0.2 90 0.07-0.3 60 0.07-0.3 50 0.07-0.3 40 0.07-0.3

400450

4-6 130 0.05-0.2 105 0.05-0.2 75 0.07-0.3 50 0.07-0.3 40 0.07-0.3 30 0.07-0.3

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CuTTIng SPEEdS And FEEdS wHEn uSIng rEPLACEABLE InSErT TooLS

Table5:

BISPLATE®GRADE

CUTTINGSPEED(m/min)

ø20 ø25 ø32 ø40 ø60

RPM FEED(mm/r) RPM FEED


(mm/r) RPM FEED(mm/r)

60 90-110 1675 0.15-0.20 1320 0.15-0.20 935 0.10-0.15 760 0.10-0.17 560 0.10-0.15

70 80-100 1500 0.15-0.20 1195 0.15-0.20 840 0.10-0.15 680 0.10-0.17 500 0.10-0.15

80 70-90 1340 0.15-0.20 1060 0.15-0.20 750 0.10-0.15 605 0.10-0.17 445 0.10-0.15

320 40-60 840 0.15-0.20 660 0.15-0.20 470 0.10-0.15 380 0.10-0.17 280 0.10-0.15

400 28-35 550 0.15-0.20 420 0.15-0.20 300 0.10-0.15 250 0.10-0.17 175 0.10-0.15

450 25-30 450 0.15-0.20 360 0.15-0.20 250 0.10-0.15 200 0.10-0.15 150 0.10-0.15

500 17-20 300 0.15-0.20 240 0.15-0.20 170 0.10-0.15 136 0.10-0.17 100 0.10-0.15

TAPPIng

Withthecorrecttoolsandcuttingspeeds,tappingcanbeperformedinalltheBISPLATE®gradesofsteel.ForthehighhardnessBISPLATE®400,450and500grades,higheralloyedtapsmustbeused.

Difficultiesthatcommonlyarisewhenthreadcuttinghighertensilestrengthsteelsincludetapsticking,tornthreadsandtheshortlifeoftaps.ThePrototypebrandtoolshavebeenspecificallydevelopedfortappingintheBISPLATE®gradesofsteel.

Withalltappingitisrecommendedthatthecuttingspeedisaccuratelycontrolled.

Forbestresults,cuttingoilorgreaseshouldbeused.Forthrough-holesofupto2timesdiameterinthreaddepth,inmetricsizes,thefollowingtappingtoolsarerecommended.

Note:Theintroductionofstressconcentrations(asaresultoftapping)isanimportantconsiderationinfatigueapplications

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TAPPIng SPEEdS And TyPES rECoMMEndEd For BISPLATE® grAdES

Table6:

BISPLATE®GRADE TAPTYPE(prototype) TAPPINGSPEED(m/min) SIZERANGE LUBRICATION

60 Paradur20360 15 M3-M56 CuttingOil

70 Paradur20360 15 M3-M56 CuttingOil

80 PrototexInox202135 6-15* M1.6-M36 CuttingOil



450 PrototexNi202602 3 M1.6-M24 CuttingOil

500 ParadurH/C80311 1.6 M3-M12** CuttingOil

*6m/minusingsteamtemperedtapsand15m/minusingtincoatedtips

**Forlargersizethreads,threadmillingisrecommended

BisalloySteels®wishtothanksSandvikCoromantandTi-Tekfortheinformationpertainingtodrilling,tappingandcountersinkingcontainedinthispublication.

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TurnIng And MILLIng BISPLATE®

MILLIng And TurnIng rECoMMEndATIonS

MILLIng

MillingoperationscanbeperformedsatisfactorilyonallBISPLATE®grades;utilisationofcementedcarbidetoolingisrecommended.

Inmanysituations,themillingoperationentailsthedressingofaflamecutedge,andthensubsequentbulkmillingofmaterialtothedesiredsurfacefinishanddimensionaltolerance.

Caremustbetakentomakeafirstcutsufficientlydeeptoremovetheheataffectedzoneoftheflamecutedge.Cuttersmustbesufficientlyrobusttotakethisheavyloading.Insuchcircumstancesitisdesirablethat,duetothehighhardnessadjacenttotheflamecutsurfaces,cutterspeedsandfeedratesforinitialmillingshouldbereducedto40-50%ofthespeednormallyusedwhenmillingplaincarbonsteel.Theimportanceofadequatepreheatingpriortoflamecuttingandslowcoolingaftercuttingtominimiseedgehardeningisagainemphasised.Speedandfeedratesmaybeincreasedsomewhatforsubsequentbulkmillingto50-75%ofthesettingsusedforplaincarbonsteel.

MILLIng rECoMMEndATIonS

Table1:

BISPLATE®GRADECEMENTEDCARBIDETOOLING

GRADESURFACESPEED FEED/TOOTH

607080320400450500

GC4030GC4030GC4030GC4030GC4030GC4030GC4030

295m/min275m/min257m/min131m/min110m/min100m/min87m/min

0.25mm0.25mm0.25mm0.25mm0.25mm0.25mm0.25mm

Note:Theserecommendationsaregivenasaguideonly,andarebasedonstableworkingconditions.Itissuggesteda45deg.approachangleoraroundinsertfacemillbeused.Incertainconditionsitmaybenecessarytousenegativegeometrymillingtools.Feedratesaredependentongeometryselected.Eg.PMmediummachining0.1–0.28fzmm/toothPHheavymachining0.1–0.42fzmm/tooth.

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AVoId VIBrATIonS

Indexableinsertsaresensitivetovibrations.Thesecanbeavoidedorreducedbyobservingthefollowing.

Whenturningormillinggascutedgesthecuttingdepthshouldbeatleast2mmtocopewiththehardnessandunevennessoftheedge.

Figure1: Figure2:

Showing the direction of milling. Showing the eccentricity milling cutter.oTHEr MILLIng rEQuIrEMEnTS

•Firmclampingoftheworkpiece•Usecutterswiththesmallestpossiblegapbetweentheteeth•Machinestabilitypermitting,unidirectionalmillingispreferable,seefigure1•Ifalargecutterisusedforthemillingofsmallareas,placethemillingcuttereccentricallytogetasmanyteethaspossibleoperating,seefigure2

•Avoid,ifpossible,theuseofauniversalcutterheadwhichgenerallycausesweakeningofthepowertransmissionandthetoolholder

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Undirectional milling

Opposed milling

Normal width

Small width

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TurnIng

AllBISPLATE®grades,includingthosewithhardnessinexcessof360HBcanbeturnedsatisfactorilywithcarbidetooling,providedspindlespeedsandfeedratesarereducedfromthosenormallyemployedwhencarryingoutsimilarmachiningoperationsonplaincarbonsteel.Reductionsof50-70%inspindlespeedandupto50%infeedratemaybenecessary,dependingonthehardnessofthecomponentbeingmachined.Highspeedtoolsarenotrecommended.

Asanexample,thefollowingsettingshavebeenfoundtogivesatisfactoryresultswhenturningcylindricalworkpiecesof25mmdiameterfromthevariousBISPLATE®grades.Withincreasesinstockdiameter,spindlespeedswillobviouslyneedtobedecreased.

TurnIng rECoMMEndATIonS

Table2:

BISPLATE®GRADECEMENTEDCARBIDETOOLING

GRADESURFACESPEED

607080320400450500

GC4025GC4025GC4025GC4025GC4025GC4025GC4025

295m/min275m/min257m/min131m/min110m/min100m/min87m/min

ForoperationsunderfavourableconditionswherehigherproductivitycanbeobtainedGC4015couldbeused.ForoperationswithhightoughnessrequirementsandwhereincreasedsecurityisneededGC4035couldbeused.

Note:Theserecommendationsaregivenasaguideonlyandarebasedonstableworkingconditions.Thegeometryoftheinsertsusedwillbedependentontheoperation.Eg.PFforfinishing.PMformediummachining.PRforroughing.

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Figure3:

Geometry of Turning insert: Finishing (F) Medium Machining (M) Roughing (R)

oTHEr TurnIng rEQuIrEMEnTS Figure4:

•Firmclampingoftheworkpiece•Avoidlongoverhangsforbothworkpieceandtoolholder•Usecorrecttipradius:toolargeatipradius,combinedwithinsufficientclamping,causesvibrations•Smallsettinganglesalsocancausevibrations

Diagram showing that some coated inserts combine toughness and hardness.

Cutting depth

Feed

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ForMuLA For THE CALCuLATIon oF SPEEdS And FEEdS For gEnErAL MILLIng And TurnIng oPErATIonS.

Formulaforcalculationofcuttingspeed:v= π•D•nm/min 1000

Formulaforcalculationofturningspeed:n=v•1000m/minπ•D

Formulaforcalculationoftablefeed:u=n•Z•Szm/min

v=cuttingspeedm/minD=DiameterinmmofmillingcutterorworkpieceZ=NumberofcuttersSz=Feedpercutter,mmn=Turningspeed,rpmu=Tablefeed,mm/min

BisalloySteels®wishtothankSandvikCoromantforinformationpertainingtomillingandturningcontainedinthispublication.

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BISPLATE® IdEnTIFICATIon MArkIng And CoLour CodIng

BisalloySteels®hasaseriesofidentificationmarkingsandcolourcodestoclearlyidentifytheplatespecificationsanddifferentiatethegradesfromeachotherandothergradesofsteel.Itiscrucialthatwhenplatesareprofiledthatthisidentificationistransferredtoalloff-cutstopreventgradeandsizemixes.

grAdE IdEnTIFICATIon STEnCILS-therearetwogradeIDstencilsoneachplatelocatedatoppositeendssothatifplatesarehalvedtheneachendremainsidentified.Thesestencilsarecolourmatchedtothegradecolourcoding.

PLATE IdEnTIFICATIon STEnCILS–therearetwoplateIDstencilsoneachplatelocatedatoppositeendssothatifplatesarehalvedtheneachendremainsidentified.

ForDomesticOrders ForExportOrders

Platesdeliveredviacentralstockwillnothaveacustomername.

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CustomerNameDimensionsPlateWeightGradeAustralianStandard(ifapplic.)

CustomerNameCustomerO/No.DimensionsPlateWeightGradePlateNumber

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PLATE CornErS–twodiagonalcornersoftheplatearecolouredwiththerelevantgradecolourcode.

Oneplatecornerishardstampedwiththeplatenumber.

PlatenumberColourcode

grAdE CoLour CodE

BISPLATE®60 -WhiteBISPLATE®70 -LimeGreenBISPLATE®80 -Pink BISPLATE®80PV -Pink/RedBISPLATE®320 -LightBlueBISPLATE®400 -OrangeBISPLATE®450 -YellowBISPLATE®500 -Black

R.D.

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TESTIng And CErTIFICATIon

MECHAnICAL TESTIng

BrInELL HArdnESS TEST–BrinellhardnesstestisperformedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS1816.Allplatesareindividuallyhardnesstested.

TEnSILE TESTS–StructuralsteelgradesonlyaretensiletestedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS1391andthesetensiletestsaredoneonabatchbasis,perrequirementofAS3597.

CHArPy V-noTCH IMPACT TESTS–Structuralsteelgradesonlyareimpacttested.CharpyV-Notchtestsaredoneonabatchbasis,perrequirementofAS3597.

Standardtestdirectionislongitudinalandstandardtesttemperatureis-20degC.

TestsconductedinaccordancewithAS1544.2requirements.

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CErTIFICATIon

AseparateNATAcertifiedtestcertificatewillbeissuedforeachfullplatesupplied.TestsareconductedinourNATAcertifiedlaboratoryandwilldetailchemicalanalysis,hardnessandrelevantmechanicaltestinformationdependentonthegradeordered.

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HArdnESS TESTIng BISPLATE®

wHAT IS HArdnESS?

Hardnessistheresistanceofmaterialtoplasticdeformation–usuallybyindentationorpenetration.Italsodefinestheabilityofmaterialtoresistscratching,abrasionorcutting.

wHy TEST For IT?

Hardnesstestingisundertakento: 1.Specifyandcertifyarangeofwearresistanceproducts. 2.Doublecheckthetensilestrengthofstructuralgradematerials. 3.Assistinfailureanalysesandmaterialidentification.

Table1:

METHOD STANDARD BASIS MEASUREMENT ACCURACYAPPROX% MAXTEMP

Brinell(4) AS1816

10mmTungstenCarbideball(1)impressedunder3,000kgload

Surfaceareaforknownload

±2 50ºC

Vickers(HV) AS1817136ºDiamondpyramidimpressedunderload

Surfaceareaforknownload

±2 50ºC

Rockwell(HR)A,B,CAS1815

ISO6517-1

120ºConicalDiamondSteelballusedforsoft

metals

Depthofimpressionunderknownload

(15-150kg)±2 50ºC

Equotip(2) NIL “Rebound”Method Heightofrebound Poor –

Poldi(3) NIL10mmBallimpressedwithhammeredtestbar

ComparativeimpressionVeryPoor(±20)

50ºC

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wHErE To TEST?

Testingcanbecarriedoutinthelaboratory,workshoporonsite.

However,sitetestingwithportableequipmentcanoftenhavedifficultiesofaccess,surfacepreparationandvibration,whichmayreducetheaccuracyoftesting.

TESTIng ProCEdurES And EQuIPMEnT

Thetableabovesetsoutthemethodsofidentifyingcommonindentationhardness,andothertypesofhardnesstests.Itisabsolutelyvitaltounderstandthespecificuses,strengthsandanyweaknessesof–andcorrectrequirementsandproceduresdemandedby–eachofthesemethodsinordertoensureconsistent,comparableresultsintesting.InTErPrETIng TABLE 1 – SoME IMPorTAnT ConSIdErATIonS

1.Wherethemaximumhardnessoftheworkexceed450HB,butdoesn’texceed650HB,thestandardsaysatungstencarbideballmustbeused.

2.Equotipisa“rebound”methodofhardnesstesting,whichdoesNOTmeasurehardness(indentationorplasticdeformation)butgivesaresultconvertiblewithinarestrictedrangeintoanindentationhardnessfigure.Thismethodisnotstandardisedandgivesonlyindicativeresults.Itisextremelydependentontheoperator,testmaterialandsurfacecondition.ItisNOTrecommendedonquenchedandtemperedsteel,orsurfacesthataren’tbrightandsmoothlyground.

3.ThePolditestissometimesemployedinthefield.Eventhoughitisanimpressionmethod,itdisplaysverypooraccuracy.Itisnotrecommendedforquenchedandtemperedsteel.

4.TheBrinelltestisstronglyrecommendedforallBISPLATE®gradesasitiswidelyacceptedastheindustrystandard.(Brinellgivesamoredefinitereading,byleavingamoredefiniteimpressionontheplate).ItisthestandardemployedatBisalloyandbyothermanufacturers,bothontheproductionlineandinthelaboratory.ThehardnessratingonacertificateissuedbyBisalloyismeasuredinBrinellhardness.ConvertedvaluesfromothermethodssuchasRockwellorVickers(moreoftenusedinlaboratorytestingsmallsamplesofsteel,orinsmall-partsengineering,andnotidealforuseintheproductionenvironment)cancausesmalldiscrepanciesfromtheBrinellratingonthecertificate.

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ProPEr PrEPArATIon oF THE TEST SurFACE

SinceBISPLATE®isaquenchedandtemperedsteel,somedecarburisationwilloccurontheplatesurfaceduringtheheattreatmentprocess.Thethicknessofthedecarburisedlayer(theverythinsurfacelayerwhichhaslostcarbonduringaustenitising)willvarydependingontheplatethickness.Thisdecarburisedlayerwillgetthickerastheplatethicknessincreases.

Toensuretestingaccuracy,surfacescaleandthedecarburisedlayermustalwaysberemovedbyeithergrindingormachiningfromtheareaswherehardnessmeasurementsaretaken.TheminimumgrindingormachiningdepthsarelistedintheTable2.

Table2:

PLATETHICKNESS MINGRINDINGORMACHININGDEPTHS(mm)

≤6 0.2

>6-10 0.3

>10-20 0.5

>20-50 0.7

>50-80 1.0

>80 1.5

Withoutremovingtheentiredecarburisedlayerbygrindingormachining,theresultsofthehardnesstestwillbeinvalid.

Itshouldalsobenotedthattheareatestedshouldbeamin.of75mmfromanythermallycutsurfacetoavoidanyheat-affectedzone.

Thetestedareamustrepresentthewholematerial,mustbeclean,freefromunwantedscale,andmustbeflat,sufficientlythickandsmooth.

Thetestpiecemustbewellsupportedandnotsubjecttomovementorvibration.

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CALIBrATIon

Tofurtherensureaccuracyandconsistency,alltestingequipmentmustbecalibrated(usually3yearly)andcheckeddailyagainstcalibrationblocks.

PErSonnEL CoMPETEnCy

Foralltests,theoperatorrequirestraininginthecorrectmethodsandassessmentacceptabletotheemployer.PreferenceisgiventoNATAregisteredlaboratoriesforhigh-riskapplications.

rEPorTIng

Reportingshouldincludeplateidentification,location,method,result,date,surfacecondition,operator’snameandsignature.RefertoAS1816.

Table3:

GRADE SPECIFIEDHARDNESS(HB) TYPICALHARDNESS(HB)

BIS80 255

BIS320 320-360 340

BIS400 370-430 400

BIS450 425-475 450

BIS500 477-534 500

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Currently–alreadyuniqueamongothermanufacturers–Bisalloygoestotheextentofphysicallytestingeveryplateproduced–thatis,eachonegoesthroughthefullprocessofgrinding,testandmeasure.

Thesizeoftheindentationismeasuredusingthelatestvideoimagingtechnology,whichisinterfacedwithadedicatedcomputertogenerateaBHnumbertowithinonepoint.

Thistestingprocedureisnowfullyautomatedincludingautomatedgrindingandindentation,guaranteeinganevengreaterandmoreconsistentlevelofaccuracyandrepeatability.

disclaimer Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of information contained in this manual which supersedes earlier publications, however Bisalloy Steels® shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused or arising from the application of such information. Typical values are provided for reference information only and no guarantee is given that a specific plate will provide these properties. Specification correct at time of printing, however information is subject to change without notice.

registered trade Marks

Bisalloy Steels® Bisalloy® BIS® BISPLATE® are all registered trade marks of Bisalloy Steels Australia Pty Ltd. Print Date: October 2012

®

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For more information regarding BISPLATE® refer to the technical information pdf documents provided on the Bisalloy Steels® website at www.bisalloy.com.au

Bisalloy Steels Pty Ltd18 Resolution Drive, Unanderra PO Box 1246, Unanderra NSW, Australia, 2526

Ph: +61 2 4272 0444Fax: +61 2 4272 0456Email: [email protected]: www.bisalloy.com.au

Bisalloy Tech Guide 2012-2013

Documents

registered trade marks

bisalloys technical literature

controlled carbon equivalent

gouging abrasion applications

low alloy content

abrasion resistant steel

bisalloy steels website

low hardness level