Bird Sanctuary Mgmt

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Komal Preet KaurDiksha

Govind Tiwari

Anand Singh Patel

Tashi


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2ndFeb. : World Wetlands Day

648,507 ha area under wetland in India.

Biodiversityhotspots.

Pollutionfilters

Carbonsequestration

Store houseof plantgeneticmaterial


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Anthropogenic pressuresresulting in habitatdestruction and loss ofbiodiversity.

Infilling and inflow of polluted

urban, agricultural, industrialwastewaters.

Overfishing, overhuntingdestructs wildlife habitat, foodchain support and humanrecreation.

Affects wetland dependentflora and fauna, includingexploitable fish and shellfishstocks.


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Wetlands in Indiasupport around

2400 species andsubspecies ofbirds. Loss ofhabitat threatens

the diversity of thisecosystem.

Exotic invasivespecies.


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Deforestation and cuttingof trees, soil erosion.About 35% of mangroveshave been lost over the

last two decades, primarilydue to aquaculturedevelopment,deforestation andfreshwater diversion.

Rapid depletion of groundwater.

Hydrological interventionsresulting in loss of aquifer.

Siltation.


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National wetland strategy shouldencompass:

Conservation and collaborativemanagement.

Prevention and loss of restoration.

Sustainable management.


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Protection. Planning, managing and monitoring. Comprehensive inventory of all Indian wetlands. Coordinated approach. Research, assessment and dissemination of findings.

Building awareness among the general public, educationaland corporate institutions.

Use of remote sensing and GIS in wetland management. Flood zone mapping. Inventory and monitoring of irrigation and cropping pattern.

Water quality and modeling to detect ecological character. Mapping changes in river course. Delineation of extinct river course.


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No conversion for water area for anypurpose and under anycircumstance.

In each case relating to developmentproposal, prior permission todesignated authority.

Waste recycling practice.

Excavation of new channels ordesiltation of silted channels.


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The six lakes known as Samaspur wetlands inRae Bareily district of Uttar Pradesh

Declared as Samaspur Bird Sanctuary in 1987. 800 Ha of total area of sanctuary About 370 Ha is private and community lands.

Due to this, the management and conservation ofthe sanctuary has become an extremely complexissue.

Each year about one-lakh birds migrate herefrom regions like Siberia during the winterseason.

The percentage of visiting birds has reduced tojust one-fourth in last eight-ten years.


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Primary Stakeholders

1. Migratory waterfowls

2. Local communities3. Forest Department

Secondary stakeholders

1. Local media2. Irrigation department


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Samaspur Bird Sanctuary is listed asone of the Important Bird Areas(IBAs) in India.

Almost 250 species of resident andmigratory birds find shelter here.


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Egrets, Painted stork, Purple

Moorhen, Purple Heron,White

breastedwater hen,

Whistling teal,Phaesant

Teal, Jacana, Little grebs, Cormorants,

Kingfisher, Bronzed

winged Jacana, Darter,

Cotton Teal, Brahmany kite, Black Drago,

Green BeeEater,

Indian SarusCrane,

Pintail etc.


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Source: IBAs of India. (BNHS)


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Source: IBAs of India. (BNHS)


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Reasons for the reduction in number

of arriving birds to one fourth in lasteight-ten years:

1. Invasion of Echhiornia crassipes

(water hyacinth),

2. Submergence of agricultural landaround the lakes and

3. Poaching of visiting birds.


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1. Inadequate staff strength at theSamaspur sanctuary.

2. Conflicts between the localcommunities and the forestdepartment.

3. Management of Bissaiya Lake4. Non-existence of an efficient local

NGO.5. Lack of research facilities at the

sanctuary.


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1.Efforts should be taken that the issue

submergence of land is solved so that the mixedlanduse can allow agriculture as well asconducive habitat for birds again. This will help toreduce the conflict between conservation and

livelihoods.2. The forest department at the Samaspur Bird

Sanctuary needs to be strengthened with staffand additional budgetary allocation.

3. Efforts should be taken on much larger scale tostop the spread of Water Hyacinth in the lakes.


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4. The collaborative efforts through schemes such aseco-development have provided an opportunity tothe forest department and the local community to

interact and understand the nature of theproblem. Hence, such schemes need to becontinued and expanded in other villages.

5. There are no local non-governmentalorganizations or community based organizations

to facilitate the dialogue between the forestdepartment and local communities.6.Research facilities need to be established at the

sanctuary for regular monitoring of importantecological factors like soil, water etc. If this is not

possible, the collaboration could be sought withthe regional research bodies for such monitoring.


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Submitted by :Anand Singh

Patel1152PFM 11-13


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Located in Japan.Osaka Bay was

destroyed becauseof Osaka Plain.Main cause was the

drainage. Landfill was started

to reclaim thewetland in 1983.Tidal flat was

created.


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Sand or mud areas foundin many estuarine areasand typically lack

recognizable plantlife.(Ecotone)

Birds started to visit.

Seeing the success, they

opened the mound line in1995 between Lagoonand the pool.

COD was increased.


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Bird density increased.

Sandpipers and Plovers also began to visit thearea.

Other species like H.penicillatus and OcypodidCrabs.

Predators also came and returning wavescontrolled plants infestation.

Natural ecosystem became functional and wasrestored to a greater extent for shore birds.

Adaptive management is management asexperiment in dynamic situations were controlsand strict replication are not possible.


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Pilot programs on small scale should berun.

Landfills to be done for tidal flat.

Strict monitoring and evaluation to berequired at each stage.

Effects after landfill and before landfill tobe compared.

Artificial landfill to be substituted bynatural means to make it durable for along time.


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Eco-

ManagementforSuccessfulPelicanConservation

Review Article

http://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdf

Govind Tiwari-1159
http://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdfhttp://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdfhttp://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdfhttp://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdfhttp://www.cpreec.org/vol-10_April2010.pdf


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The Spot-billed Pelican or the Grey Pelican(Pelecanusphilippensis) among the seven valid species ofpelicans existing today, is confined biogeographically,to the South and Southeast Asia.

Up to the 1920s, more than a million of these pelicanswere said to be flourishing but by about the 1990s,

their numbers plummeted precipitously to less thanabout 12,000 only. This was Due to the loss of their freshwater wetland

habitats, food and nesting sites. Bird Life International that surveys the status of each

species of birds, listed this species, under the

category of Vulnerable Species (VU).


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After Second world war many developing countriesadopted the Green Revolution for the agriculture ofrice and sugarcane, using excessive quantities of DDT.

DDT-exposed pelicans tend to lay thin-shelled eggswhich are fragile and fail to hatch out successfully.

By 1993-1994, the total Spot-billed pelicanpopulation, came down to fewer than about 11,500-13,000 and by about 2003-2004, it dropped downfurther to a precarious 5,500 only.

Also Aquaculture necessitated the decimation of thepelican-nesting trees, in order to dig aquafarms.

Thus, destruction of pelican-habitats and deprivationof their natural food and feeding grounds.


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It was notified in 1976, and has two irrigation tankswith a total area of 82.56 ha.

Forest Department desilted these tanks by about ametre, mostly around the Barringtonia trees, in orderto render them insulated by water all around, to

attract the nesting pelicans. Construction of rocky mounds near these trees so that

parent pelican give their fledgelings, their first lessonsin flying (gliding), swimming and fishing.

Spreading awareness in nearby schools for pelicanconservation.

Planting of Indian oak tree as this tree can withstandinundation by water for a long time.


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Community-based conservation strategy inwhich volunteers save pelican-nestlings that fallto the ground from their congested nests.

Strict code of conduct for the visitors and actionagainst the offenders who violates the rules.

From October-November and in February, theForest Department releases about 50,000fingerlings of three or four species of fish, intothe Nelapattu tanks, to supplement the food forthe breeding birds.

The sanctuary because of its managementeffortsis declared as IBAs(Important Bird Areas)and as potential Ramsar Site.


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Human-Bird Conflicts and ManagementIssues: A Case Study of Birds atUppalapadu Lake, Andhra Pradesh, India


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Migration from Garapadu Lake toUppalapadu.

A study by SACON recorded about 1,583birds belonging to 40 wetlands and 20 land

species in and around Uppalapadu Lake withspot-billed pelican, painted stork, and nightheron as dominant species(2006).

An increase in the breeding population (400

individuals in October 2007 to 1,500 inFebruary 2008) and breeding nests (428 in2007 to 560 in 2008)


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In 2006 -2010 the pelicans population was

most abundant with a total of 6,700individuals observed in three years, followedby white ibis (2,600), painted storks(2,000), open bill stork (1,820), glossy ibis(550), and darter (11), along with six otherspecies (250).

With respect to the distribution of birdspecies within the lake habitats, he noticedgrey pelicans, painted storks, and open bill

stork occupying upper strata levels andwhite ibis, glossy ibis at lower levels ofProsopis juliflora, and Acacia nilotica trees.


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Overcrowding and resourcelimitations.

Size of the lake.

Bird Excreta

Invasive Species (Eichhornia spp.,and microscopic algae)


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Construction of Bund (sand fence).

Construction of mounds.

Introduction of artificial trees

Seasonal introduction of fish.

Additional outlet to drain excess

water.Declaration as a CommunityWildlife

Reserve in 2005.


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Bird Sanctuary Mgmt

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