Reflecting Surface Light Transmitter Light Sensor/ Receiver Light Bulb Absorbing Surface Light Particle ( Photon )
Reflecting Surface
Light Transmitter
Light Sensor/ Receiver
Light Bulb
Absorbing Surface
Light Particle ( Photon )
5V
5V0V
0V
5V
DC Motor
Connecting Wires
Changing Polarity
Motor Driver(L293D)
INP B1INP B2EN BGNDVccINP A2INP A1EN A
L293D Motor Driver Module
C1 C2
L293D
MB 2
MB 1
MA 2
MA 1
+ Vss- Vss
INP B1INP B2EN BGNDVccINP A2INP A1EN A
L293D Motor Driver Module
C1 C2
L293D
MB 2
MB 1
MA 2
MA 1
+ Vss- Vss
Motor A
Motor B
Two-Way Switch
Power Source
Motor / Wheels
Two-WaySwitch
Connecting Wires
DiodeBattery
Light Bulb
Diode
Battery
Light Bulb
Fig: Forward Bias
Fig: Reverse Bias
Wheels Current Status
Sensor Current Status
Left Right
Left Wheel
Right Wheel
DPDT Switch Working
+Vcc GND
Motor
P u s h U pP u s h D o w n
Comparator Module (LM339)Vcc
Output Pins
Input Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Sensor
Vcc
Signal
GND
LED Array
Light Emmiting Diode
Resistors
Inputs
GND
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Voltage Regulator (7805)
Inputs (12V)
Output (12V)
GND
Vcc (5V)
LED
Power Board Anatomy
Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
LED Array
Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
INP
B1IN
P B2
EN B
GND
Vcc
INP
A2IN
P A1
EN A
C1 C2
L293D
MB
2
MB
1
MA
2
MA
1
+ Vs
s
- Vss
GNDVcc From Power Supply
Connecting Motor Driver (L293D) with Comparator (LM339)
Motor
LED
LED
Light Source
Photo DiodeLight Rays
+5 V
GND
Emitter
Photo Diode
Transmitter (Tx)
Reciever (Rx)
Sensor Module
GNDVccSIGNAL
Preset Pot
GND
+5 V
H-Bridge
SW1 SW2
SW = Switch
LED
SW1 SW2 LED Status
OFF OFF
OFF ON
ON OFF
ON ON
?
?
?
?
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
5 V
0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
0 V
Difference5v - 0v = 5vDifference
0v - 5v = -5vHigh (5V)Low (0V)
0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
Difference2.5v - 0v = 2.5v
Difference2.5v - 5v = -2.5v
High (5V)Low (0V)
2.5V