Biraogo vs Nograles

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EN BANC

IN RE: UNDATED LETTER OF

MR. LOUIS C. BIRAOGO,

PETITIONER INBIRAOGO V.

NOGRALES AND

LIMKAICHONG, G.R. No. 179120.

A.M. No. 09-2-19-SC

Present:

PUNO, C.J.,

QUISUMBING,

YNARES-SANTIAGO,

CARPIO,

AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,

CORONA,

CARPIO MORALES,

TINGA,

CHICO-NAZARIO,VELASCO, JR.,

NACHURA,

LEONARO-E CASTRO,

BRION, !n"

PERALTA,JJ.

Pr#$%&'!te":

(e)r%!r* +, +x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x

DECISION

PER CURIAM:

Be/#re t01s C#%rt 1s t0e Re2#rt #/ t0e In3est1'!t1n' C#$$1ttee 4re!te" %n"er

t0e Res#&%t1#n "!te" e4e$)er 5, +6, t# 1n3est1'!te t0e %n!%t0#r17e" re&e!se #/

t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia#/ J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es 1n t0e 4#ns#&1"!te" 4!ses

#/Limkaichong v. COMELEC, Villando v. COMELEC, Biraogo v. Nograles and

Limkaichong, !n"Paras v. Nograles, "#48ete" !s G.R. N#s. 59665-+, 59+-

5, 595+ !n" 595+-, res2e4t13e&*, t# "eter$1ne ;0# !re res2#ns1)&e /#r t0e

&e!8!'e #/ ! 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "#4%$ent #/ t0e En B!n4.

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T0e 1n3est1'!t1n' 4#$$1ttee, 4#$2#se" #/ Mr. J%st14e Le#n!r"# A.

Q%1s%$)1n' !s C0!1r2ers#n !n" M$e. J%st14e C#n401t! C!r21# M#r!&es !n" Mr.

J%st14e Ren!t# C. C#r#n! !s Me$)ers, s%)$1tte" t0e /#&1n' re2#rt:

INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE CREATE UNER THEEN BANC RESOLUTION ATE ECEMBER 5, +6

MEMORANDUM FOR:

HON. REYNATO S. PUNO, C!"# $%&'!("

HON. CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. ANTONIO T. CARPIO, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINE*, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. DANTE O. TINGA, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. MINITA +. CHICO-NA*ARIO, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. PRESBITERO $. +ELASCO, $R., A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. TERESITA $. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. ARTURO D. BRION, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

HON. DIOSDADO M. PERALTA, A&&o(!)'" $%&'!("

RE: Report on the Invest!"ton o# the Un"$thor%e& Re'e"se o# the

Unpro($'!"te& Ponen)" o# *$st)e R$+en . Re-es n the Conso'&"te& C"ses

o# L(")hon! v. COMELEC, V''"n&o v. COMELEC, Br"o!o v. No!r"'es

"n& L(")hon!, "n& P"r"s v. No!r"'es, Do)ete& "s G.R. Nos. /0112/324,

/0546736/, /05/47 "n& /05/24322, Respe)tve'-, to Deter(ne 8ho "re

Respons+'e #or the Le""!e o# " Con#&ent"' Intern"' Do)$(ent o# the En

B"n)

Res2e4t/%&&* s%)$1tte" /#r t0e 4#ns1"er!t1#n #/ t0e H#n#r!)&e C01e/

J%st14e !n" Ass#41!te J%st14es #/ t0e S%2re$e C#%rt t0e /#&1n' re2#rt #n t0e

res%&ts #/ t0e 1n3est1'!t1#n #/ t0e 4#$$1ttee 4re!te" %n"er t0e En B!n4 Res#&%t1#n

"!te" e4e$)er 5, +6.

ANTECEDENT FACTS

%r1n' 1ts sess1#n #n J%&* 5

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v. Nograles, "#48ete" !sG.R. N#s. 59665-+, 59+-5, 595+ !n" 595+-

, res2e4t13e&*, =L1$8!140#n' 4!se> ;0140 ;!s %se" )* t01s C#%rt !s ! ;#r81n'

)!s1s /#r 1ts "e&1)er!t1#ns. S1n4e n# #ne r!1se" !n* /%rt0er #)?e4t1#ns t# t0e "r!/t,

t0e En B!n4 !22r#3e" 1t. It 0!31n' )een !&re!"* 2r1nte" #n G1&)ert 2!2er, !&)e1t !

n%$)er #/ J%st14es $!n1/este" t0!t t0e* ;ere 4#n4%rr1n' 1n t0e res%&t, J%st14e

Re*es 1$$e"1!te&* 41r4%&!te" t0eponencia"%r1n' t0e s!$e sess1#n.

A/ter t0e sess1#n !n" "%r1n' &%n40, C01e/ J%st14e Re*n!t# S. P%n# n#te" t0!t

se3en #/ t0e 5 J%st14es =e@4&%"1n' J%st14e Re*es> 4#n4%rre" 1n t0e res%&t ;1t0

t0eponencia#/ J%st14e Re*es=0ere!/ter G1&)ert 4#2* #r J%st14e

Re*essponencia #rponencia #r %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia>. J%st14es M1n1t! C014#-

N!7!r1# !n" Teres1t! Le#n!r"#-e C!str# t0en 1n/#r$e" t0e C01e/ J%st14e t0!t

t0e* t## ;!nte" t# 4#n4%r #n&* 1n t0e res%&t. S1n4e n1ne J%st14es, n#t 4#%nt1n' t0e

C01e/ J%st14e, ;#%&" 4#n4%r #n&* 1n t0e res%&t, t0e J%st14es %n!n1$#%s&* "e41"e"

t# ;1t00#&" t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2*. It ;!s n#te" t0!t 1/ ! $!?#r1t*

4#n4%rre" #n&* 1n t0e res%&t, t0eponencia;#%&" 0!3e n# "#4tr1n!& 3!&%e. M#re

1$2#rt!nt&*, !n* "e41s1#n #%st1n' ! s1tt1n' $e$)er #/ t0e H#%se #/

Re2resent!t13es s0#%&" s2e&& #%t 4&e!r&* t0e &e'!& )!s1s re&1e" %2#n )* t0e $!?#r1t*

/#r s%40 e@tre$e $e!s%re. J%st14e Ant#n1# T. C!r21# t0en 3#&%nteere" t# ;r1te

01sReflecions #n J%st14e Re*essponencia/#r "1s4%ss1#n 1n t0e /#&1n' ;ee8s

En B!n4 sess1#n.

%r1n' 1ts sess1#n #n J%&* ++, +6, t0e En B!n4 "e&1)er!te" #n J%st14e

C!r21#sReflecions;0140 0!" 1n t0e $e!nt1$e )een 41r4%&!te" t# t0e $e$)ers #/

t0e C#%rt.As ! res%&t, t0e En B!n4 %n!n1$#%s&* "e41"e" t# 2%s0 t0r#%'0 !n" set

t0e "!te /#r 0#&"1n' #r!& !r'%$ents #n t0e L1$8!140#n' 4!se #n A%'%st +, +6.

On t0e re%est #/ J%st14e Re*es, 0#;e3er, t0e L1$8!140#n' 4!se ;!s

1n4&%"e" 1n t0e !'en"! #/ J%&* +, +6 ;0ere 1t ;!s &1ste" !s Ite$ N#. . T0e

"e41s1#n t# 0#&" #r!& !r'%$ents re$!1ne", 0#;e3er.

On e4e$)er , +6, L#%1s C. B1r!#'#, 2et1t1#ner 1nBiraogo v.

Nograles and Limkaichong, G.R. N#. 595+, 0e&" ! 2ress 4#n/eren4e !t t0e

B!rr1# (1est! Rest!%r!nt 1n M!r1! Or#s! Street, Er$1t!, M!n1&!, !n" 41r4%&!te" t#

t0e $e"1! !n %n"!te" &etter s1'ne" )* 01$, t#'et0er ;1t0 ;0!t !22e!re" t# )e !

@er#@ 4#2* #/ t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia. In 01s &etter, B1r!#'# 1ns1n%!te" t0!t

t0e C#%rt, !t t0e 1nst!n4e #/ t0e C01e/ J%st14e !n" ;1t0 t0e 1$2&1e" 4#nsent #/ t0e

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#t0er J%st14es, %n&!;/%&&* !n" ;1t0 1$2r#2er $#t13es ;1t00e&" t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n

#/ t0eponencia.

N#t1n' t0!t t0e %n!%t0#r17e" re&e!se #/ ! 4#2* #/ t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia1n/r1n'e" #n t0e 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "e&1)er!t1#ns #/ t0eC#%rt !n" 4#nst1t%te" 4#nte$2t #/ 4#%rt, t0e C#%rt, 1n ! Res#&%t1#n

"!te" e4e$)er 5, +6, "1re4te"

5. T0e 4re!t1#n #/ !n In3est1'!t1n' C#$$1ttee, 40!1re" )* Sen1#r Ass#41!te

J%st14e Le#n!r"# A. Q%1s%$)1n', ;1t0 Ass#41!te J%st14e C#ns%e Yn!res-

S!nt1!'#, C0!1r2ers#n, T01r" 131s1#n !n" Ass#41!te J%st14e Ant#n1# T.

C!r21#, #r81n' C0!1r2ers#n, (1rst 131s1#n, !s Me$)ers t# 1n3est1'!te t0e

%n!%t0#r17e" re&e!se #/ t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia#/ J%st14e Re*es t#"eter$1ne ;0# !re res2#ns1)&e /#r t01s &e!8!'e #/ ! 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!&

"#4%$ent #/ t0e En B!n4, !n" t# re4#$$en" t# t0e En B!n4 t0e !22r#2r1!te

!4t1#ns t0ere#nD

+. Mr. L#%1s C. B1r!#'# t# SHO CAUSE, ;1t01n ten =5> "!*s /r#$ re4e12t #/

t01s Res#&%t1#n, ;0* 0e s0#%&" n#t )e 2%n1s0e" /#r 4#nte$2t /#r ;r1t1n' t0e

%n"!te" &etter !n" 41r4%&!t1n' t0e s!$e t#'et0er ;1t0 t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia#/ J%st14e Re*es.

As "1re4te", t0e 4#$$1ttee, 4#$2#se" #/ t0e !/#re$ent1#ne" t0ree sen1#r

J%st14es, 4#n"%4te" 1n1t1!& 0e!r1n's #n e4e$)er 5< !n" 5, +6.

In t0e $e!nt1$e, 1n 4#$2&1!n4e ;1t0 t0e C#%rts !)#3e-%#te" Res#&%t1#n

"!te" e4e$)er 5, +6, B1r!#'# s%)$1tte" t# t0e C#%rt 01s C#$2&1!n4e "!te"

e4e$)er ++, +6 t# ;0140 0e !tt!40e" t0e /#&1n' !nne@es: =5> !n %n"!te"

20#t#4#2* #/ ! -2!'e 2r1nte" &etter !""resse" t# e!r Mr. B1r!#'# ;0140

2%r2#rte"&* ;!s sent )* ! C#n4erne" E$2*ee !s A"x AD =+> !J%ne 5+,

+6 n#te 0!n";r1tten #n ! $e$# 2!" #/ J%st14e Re*es re!"1n':

Re: G.R. N#s. 59665-+, et4. t0e 4#$$! !n" et4. !re0!n";r1ttenF

e!r C#&&e!'%es,

I !$ 41r4%&!t1n' ! re31se" "r!/t #/ t0eponencia.=S'".>

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RUBEN T. REYES,

t#'et0er ;1t0 ! 4#2* #/ J%st14e Re*ess Re31se" r!/tponencia/#r t0e J%ne 59,

+6 !'en"! !s A"x BD => ! 20#t#4#2* #/ t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia)e!r1n'

t0e s1'n!t%res #/ 5 J%st14es !s A"x CD !n" => ! 20#t#4#2* #/ J%st14e

C!r21#sReflecions!s A"x D.

J%st14e Yn!res-S!nt1!'# &!ter 1n01)1te" 0erse&/ %2#n $#t1#n #/ J%st14e

R%)en T. Re*es ;01&e J%st14e C!r21# 3#&%nt!r1&* 1n01)1te" 01$se&/. T0e* ;ere

res2e4t13e&* re2&!4e" )* J%st14e Ren!t# C. C#r#n! !n" J%st14e C#n401t! C!r21#

M#r!&es, )* !%t0#r1t* #/ t0e C01e/ J%st14e )!se" #n sen1#r1t*. A""1t1#n!& 0e!r1n's

;ere t0en 0e&" )* t0e re4#nst1t%te" 4#$$1ttee #n J!n%!r* 5, 5, 5, +, +5 !n"

++, +.

T0e /#&1n' ;1tnessesres#%r4e 2ers#ns ;ere 0e!r":

5.A/)o A. D" Ro&)!o, Co!r "enographer ###, Office of $ssociae J!sice

R!%en &. Re'es

+.Ro!o E. M))3)', $.,PE& J!dicial "aff Officer ##, Office of $ssociae

J!sice R!%en &. Re'es

.A''4. Ro&"o B. E5)"!&'),J!dicial "aff (ead, Office of $ssociae J!sice

R!%en &. Re'es

.A&&o(!)'" $%&'!(" M!!') +. C!(o-N)6)!o

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55.A''4. F"!) B. A)/),$ssisan Clerk of Co!r

5+.!!" D"&)/"o,Records Officer ###, Office of he Clerk of Co!r

5.Go!54 N4&) To"'!o,E)ec!ive $ssisan #, Office of $ssociae J!sice

$nonio Ed!ardo B. Nach!ra

5.Oo#" C. C%"'o,Process "erver, Office of he Clerk of Co!r

5

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"1s8ettes t# t0e OCJ 2%rs%!nt t# st!n"!r" #2er!t1n' 2r#4e"%res /#r t0e

2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ "e41s1#ns. T0e "#4%$ents ;ere re4e13e" )* R!$#n

G!t"%&! #n t0e s!$e "!* !t !r#%n" : 2.$.

T0e /#&1n' "!*, #n J%&* 5, +6, !t !r#%n" : 2.$., J%st14eRe*es 1nstr%4te" 01$ t# retr1e3e t0e G1&)ert 4#2* !n" t0e !44#$2!n*1n'

"#4%$ents !n" "1s8ettes !s 0e ;!s t#&" t0!t t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/

t0eponencia 0!" )een 2&!4e" #n 0#&". He )r#%'0t t0e G1&)ert 4#2* t#

J%st14e Re*es ;0# t#&" 01$ t# 8ee2 1t. He t0en 2&!4e" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* 1n !

se!&e" en3ee !n" 2&!4e" 1t 1ns1"e 01s %n0e" "r!;er !n" ;r#te ! n#te

1n 01s ')##8 ;0en 0e retr1e3e" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* t0!t 1ts 2r#$%&'!t1#n

;!s #n 0#&" !n" ;#%&" )e 4!&&e" !'!1n #nJ%&* +, +6.2;

T0e G1&)ert 4#2* ;!s 1n 01s s#&e 4%st#"* /r#$ J%&* 5,+6 %nt1& e4e$)er 5;

T0e L1$8!140#n' 4!se ;!s 4!&&e" !'!1n #n J%&* +, +6 !s Ite$

N#. . T0e O//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es re4e13e" t0e En B!n4 !'en"! /#r t0e

s!1" "!te #n J%&* +

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On )e1n' re4!&&e" #n J!n%!r* +, +, e& R#s!r1# /%rt0er

test1/1e" !s /#&s:

On J%&* 5 s1n4e

t0e &!tter $1'0t )e &e!31n'.11;He 0e!r" J%st14e Re*es s!*#ha%ol mo io

#ha%ol na ipapirma ka' J!sice Nach!ra1n t0e 2resen4e #/ J%"141!& St!//

He!", Att*. R#sen"# E3!n'e&1st!, !s t0e t0ree #/ t0e$ ;ere '#1n' "#;n

t0e st!1rs t# t0e1r #//14e /r#$ t0e sess1#n r##$.12;

He ;!s n#t t0e #ne ;0# )r#%'0t t0eponencia t# t0e O//14e #/

J%st14e N!40%r! )e4!%se 0e '!3e t0e t!s8 t# M!n!)!t t# ;0#$ 0e re&!*e"

t0e 1nstr%4t1#n.1;

A/ter ! /e; $1n%tes, M!n!)!t ret%rne" t# t0e1r #//14e )e!r1n' t0e

G1&)ert 4#2*. He ;ent t# Att*. E3!n'e&1st!, s0#;1n' 01$ t0!t

t0eponencia0!" !&re!"* )een s1'ne" )* J%st14e N!40%r!. Att*.

E3!n'e&1st! t0en 1nstr%4te" 01$ t# 0!3e t0eponencia2r#$%&'!te" )*

"e&13er1n' t0e s!$e t# t0e OCJ. He =e& R#s!r1#> 4#$2&1e", 2ers#n!&&*

0!n"1n' t0e G1&)ert 4#2* ;1t0 t0e rollo,re4#r"s !n" "1s8ettes t# R!$#nG!t"%&! #/ t0e OCJ !t : 2.$., !&s# #/ J%&* 5

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40!$)ers !n" 1nstr%4te" 01$ t# retr1e3e t0eponencia. He !&s# st!te" t0!t

s#$e#ne /r#$ t0e OCJ 4!&&e" t0e1r #//14e !n" re%este" t0e$ t# retr1e3e

t0eponencia)e4!%se 1ts 2r#$%&'!t1#n ;!s #n 0#&". 1@;At : 2.$.t0!t

"!*, 0e retr1e3e" t0eponenciaet4. /r#$ t0e OCJ19;!n" '!3e

t0eponenciat# J%st14e Re*es.20;

He $ere&* s0#;e" t0eponenciat# J%st14e Re*es ;0# #r"ere" 01$

t# 8ee2 1t =a%i mo m!na 'an>.21;He t0en 2&!4e" ! n#te H#&", reset J%&* +

1n 01s ')##8 !/ter )e1n' 1n/#r$e" )* Att*. E3!n'e&1st! #/ s%40 "!te #/

resett1n'.22;He re1ter!te" t0!t 0e 2&!4e" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* 1n ! )r#;n

en3ee, se!&e" 1t ;1t0 t0e #//141!&&* 1ss%e" )&%e !n" ;01te se!& 2r#31"e"

)* t0e Pr1nt1n' O//14e, !n" 2&!4e" t0e en3ee 1ns1"e 01s %n0e"

"r!;er. T0e en3ee ;!s st1&& se!&e" ;0en 0e 40e48e" 1t #n e4e$)er 5,

+6.2

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N#)#"* e&se 8ne; ;0ere 0e 2%t t0e G1&)ert 4#2*1n t0e s!$e 2&!4e

!s t0e #t0er "r!/ts. It ;!s 2#ss1)&e /#r s#$e#ne t# t!8e t0e G1&)ert 4#2*

/r#$ 01s "r!;er !n" 20#t#4#2* 1t #n ! ;ee8en" #r !/ter #//14e 0#%rs.

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e@!4t&* ;0en. Att*. J%!n '#t ! "%2&14!te #/ t0e 8e* )e4!%se t0e &!;*ers

s#$et1$es ;ent #%t /#r "1nner !n" nee"e" t# '# )!48 t# t0e #//14e t#

retr1e3e t0e1r 2ers#n!& )en'1n's.= n#r 0!" J%st14e Re*es 4#n/r#nte" 01$ !)#%t

s!1" 4#&%$n )e/#re e4e$)er +6.>0;

%r1n' t0e 1n1t1!& 0e!r1n' 1n e4e$)er 5

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2. RODRIGO E. MANABAT, $R., PET J%"141!& St!// E$2*ee II,

O//14e #/ Ass#41!te J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es, test1/1e" !s /#&s:

He ;!s t0e 2ers#n!& !1"e #/ J%st14e Re*es. On J%&* 5@;

9;He

;!s n#t 1n/#r$e" t0en )* J%st14e Re*es #r !n*)#"* t0!t t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n

#/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2* 0!" )een 2%t #n 0#&" 2er !'ree$ent #/ t0e J%st14es.?0;He 4!$e t# 8n#; t0!t 1t ;!s #n 0#&" #n&* #n J%&* 59, +6, ;0en e&

R#s!r1# 1n/#r$e" 01$ %2#n 01s !rr13!& !t t0e #//14e. Be4!%se t0e

1n/#r$!t1#n ;!s %n%s%!& !n" )e4!%se 1t ;!s 01s "%t* t# $!8e s%re t0!t

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s1'ne" "e41s1#ns ;ere 2r#$%&'!te", 0e !s8e" J%st14e Re*es. J%st14e Re*es

t0en 4#n/1r$e" t0!t t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ t0eponencia;!s #n 0#&".?1;A/ter

t0!t, 0e ?%st !ss%$e" t0!t t0e G1&)ert 4#2* ;!s 1n t0e1r #//14e ;1t0 e&

R#s!r1# ;0# ;!s !ss1'ne" t# 8ee2 s%40 "#4%$ents. H#;e3er, 0e "1" n#t

8n#; e@!4t&* ;0ere 1n 01s ;#r8 !re! e& R#s!r1# 8e2t 1t.?2;He "1" n#t

$!8e ! 20#t#4#2* #/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2* n#r "1" 0e #r"er e& R#s!r1# !n"

M!n!)!t t# $!8e 20#t#4#21es. Ne1t0er "1" 0e 8n#; 0#; t0e G1&)ert 4#2*

;!s 20#t#4#21e". He #n&* 4!$e t# 8n#; !)#%t t0e &e!8!'e &!st e4e$)er

5, +6.?

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!s s0e "1", re2r1nt t0e se4#n" s1'n!t%re 2!'e, 2!'e , ;0140 ;!s )r#%'0t

1n t# J%st14e Re*es 1n 01s 40!$)ers.71;

He !tten"e" t0e #r!& !r'%$ents #n ! 4!se s40e"%&e" !t 5: 2.$. #n

t0!t "!* =J%&* 5 !n" !rr13e" !t t0e sess1#n 0!&& )e/#re t0!t t1$e.72;As /!r !s 0e 4#%&" re4!&&, 0e ;ent "#;n t# t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es

!)#%t : 2.$. t# retr1e3e ! $!ter1!& nee"e" /#r t0e #r!& !r'%$ents. He

"en1e" 0!31n' test1/1e" t0!t 0e ;ent "#;n 2%r2#se&* t# 40e48 1/

t0eponencia0!" )een 41r4%&!te" !n" t0e se4#n" s1'n!t%re 2!'e s1'ne"

!ne; !n" t# $!8e s%re t0!t t0e ponencia0!" !&re!"* )een tr!ns$1tte" t#

t0e OCJ.7

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t0#%'0t t0!t t0e 4!se ;#%&" )e 4!&&e" !'!1n !t !n#t0er sess1#n.@

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n#t re4!&& ;0# !$#n' t0e /13e 0!" )een "1re4te" t# 20#t#4#2* t0e J%&* 5;He re1ter!te" t0!t 0e "1" n#t 8n#; ;0ere,

e@!4t&*, e& R#s!r1# 8e2t t0e "#4%$ents. H" )/!''" ')' " )&

"/!&& ! !& %'!"& )& &')## ") #o o' o!.9?;It ;!s t0e1r

2r!4t14e n#t t# 0 "r!;ers.97;He ;!s !;!re t0!t J%st14e Re*es

e3ent%!&&* 2re2!re" !n#t0er "r!/t #/ !ponencia40!n'1n' 01s 2#s1t1#n 1n

t0eLimkaichong 4!se )e4!%se 0e 0e&2e" 1n t0e rese!r40 1n N#3e$)er

+6.9@;He ne3er 4#ns%&te" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* )e4!%se 0e 0!" ! s#/t4#2*

t0ere#/ 1n 01s 4#$2%ter.99;He "1" n#t !s8 ;0* J%st14e Re*es ;!s "e2!rt1n'

/r#$ 01s #r1'1n!& 2#s1t1#n.100;He "en1e" t0!t 0e 8ne; B1r!#'#,

L1$8!140#n', Jer#$e P!r!s, O&13e P!r!s #r !n* 2!rt* t# t0e 4!se.101;

He ;1n"e" %2 01s test1$#n* )* $!n1/est1n' t0!t t0e 1n3est1'!t1#n

;!s !n e@2er1en4e t0!t 0e 0#2e" ;#%&" n#t 0!22en !'!1n !n" t0!t 0e

;#%&" n#t 0!3e t# %n"er'# !'!1n.102;

=. ASSOCIATE $USTICE MINITA +. CHICO-NA*ARIOtest1/1e" !s

/#&s:

S0e s1'ne" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* #n&* #n4e, 1n t0e En B!n4 4#n/eren4e

r##$ )e/#re '#1n' t# t0e En B!n4 "1n1n' 0!&&.10

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t# t0eponencia ;!s ;1t0#%t %!&1/14!t1#n )%t ;0en 1t ;!s n#te" "%r1n'

&%n40 t0!t $#st #/ t0e J%st14es 0!" s1$2&* 4#n4%rre" 1n t0e res%&t, s0e !n"

J%st14e Teres1t! Le#n!r"#-e C!str# s1'n1/1e" t0e1r 1ntent1#n t# %!&1/*

t0e1r 4#n4%rren4e !n" 4#n4%r &18e;1se #n&* 1n t0e res%&t.10=;H#;e3er, s0e

;!s n# n'er !)&e t# 1n"14!te t0e 40!n'e #n t0e "#4%$ent !s s0e !n" t0e

#t0er J%st14es 0!" "e41"e" t# 2%t #n 0#&" t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ t0e "e41s1#n

%nt1& !/ter 0#&"1n' #r!& !r'%$ents #n t0e L1$8!140#n' 4!se. N# re2r1nte"

s1'n!t%re 2!'e ;!s e3er sent t# 0er #//14e /#r 0er s1'n!t%re !n" s0e "1" n#t

!//1@ 0er s1'n!t%re #n !n* #t0er 4#2* #/ t0eponencia. S0e ;!s n#t t0e &!st

t# s1'n t0eponencia.10>;

>. ASSOCIATE $USTICE TERESITA $. LEONARDO-DE

CASTROtest1/1e" !s /#&s:

S0e s1'ne" t0e G1&)ert 4#2* r1'0t !/ter t0e En B!n4 sess1#n !n"

J%st14e Re*es ;!s r1'0t )es1"e 0er ;0en s0e s1'ne" t0eponencia.10?;N#

re2r1nte" s1'n!t%re 2!'e ;!s e3er sent t# 0er #//14e /#r s1'n!t%re !n"

s0e "1" n#t !//1@ 0er s1'n!t%re #n !n* #t0er 4#2* #/ t0eponencia. S0e "1"

n#t 20#t#4#2* t0eponencia!n" t0ere 4#%&" 0!3e )een n# #22#rt%n1t* t#

"# s# r1'0t !/ter s0e s1'ne" 1t.107;

?.ASSOCIATE $USTICE ANTONIO EDUARDO B.

NACHURA test1/1e" !s /#&s:

He )e&1e3e" t0!t 0e s1'ne" t0eponencia1n t0e En B!n4 4#n/eren4e

r##$ ?%st )e/#re 0e ;ent t# t0e En B!n4 "1n1n' 0!&& /#r &%n40. He )e&1e3e"

0e ;!s ne3er sent ! re2r1nte" s1'n!t%re 2!'e. He e1t0er ret%rne"

t0eponenciat# J%st14e Re*es r1'0t !/ter s1'n1n' 1t #r 2!sse" 1t #n t# t0e

#t0er J%st14es /#r t0e$ t# s1'n. He 4#%&" n#t re4!&& 1/ 0e ;!s t0e &!st t#

s1'n t0eponencia. As8e" ;0et0er 0e &e!8e" t0e "e41s1#n, J%st14e N!40%r!re2&1e" t0!t 0e "1" n#t. N#r "1" 0e #r"er !n* #/ 01s st!// t# 20#t#4#2* 1t. In

/!4t, t0ere ;!s n# #22#rt%n1t* t# 20#t#4#2* t0eponencia !s 0e ;!s n#t 1n

4%st#"* t0ere#/.10@;A&t0#%'0 0e 8ne; t0e 0%s)!n" #/ #ne #/ t0e

2et1t1#ners, O&131! P!r!s, ne1t0er s0e n#r 0er 0%s)!n" e3er !s8e" /#r ! 4#2*

#/ t0eponencia.109;

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7. ASSISTANT COURT ADMINISTRATOR $OSE MIDAS P.

MARUE*, C01e/, P%)&14 In/#r$!t1#n O//14e =PIO>, test1/1e" !s /#&s:

T0e 4#2* #/ B1r!#'#s %n"!te" &etter ;1t0 t0e !tt!40e" 4#2* #/ t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia #/ J%st14e Re*es, ;0140 0e /%rn1s0e" t0e EnB!n4, 4!$e /r#$ ! $e$)er #/ t0e $e"1!.Ar#%n" : 2.$. #n e4e$)er

, +6, ! re2#rter 4!&&e" 01$ #n t0e 20#ne, !s81n' 1/ 0e ;#%&" &18e t# '13e

! st!te$ent )e4!%se B1r!#'# ;!s '#1n' t# 0#&" ! 2ress 4#n/eren4e !)#%t

t0eLimkaichong4!se &!ter t0!t "!* !t B!rr1# (1est! Rest!%r!nt, 1n /r#nt #/

t0e C#%rt #/ A22e!&s. He re%este" t0e re2#rter t# 1n/#r$ 01$ #/ ;0!t ;!s

'#1n' t# )e t!8en %2 "%r1n' t0e 2ress 4#n/eren4e. T0e re2#rter ;ent t# 01s

#//14e !r#%n"

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4#21es. B%t 1n t01s 4!se, t0e C&er8 #/ C#%rt "1" n#t e3en 0!3e ! 4#2* !s t0e

"e41s1#n 0!" n#t )een s1'ne" )* t0e C01e/ J%st14e.112;

@. RAMON B. GATDULA, E@e4%t13e Ass1st!nt III, O//14e #/ t0e C01e/

J%st14e, test1/1e" !s /#&s:

On J%&* 5

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S0e "en1e" 0!31n' seen t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia#/ J%st14e

Re*es !n" st!te" t0!t t0e s!$e ne3er re!40e" t0e1r #//14e "%r1n' t0e 2er1#"

/r#$ J%&* 5, +6 t# e4e$)er 5, +6.11?;S0e !n" 0er st!// #n&*

&e!rne" #/ t0e "r!/t "e41s1#n !/ter 1t ;!s 41r4%&!te" )* t0e $e"1!. 117;In 0er

#//14e, "e41s1#ns /#r 2r#$%&'!t1#n !re !&;!*s )r#%'0t t# Vern! A&)!n# /#r

re4#r"1n', t0en t# 0er /#r s1'n!t%re.11@;I/ Vern! 1s !)sent, 1t 1s Att*. (e&12!

An!$!, t0e !ss1st!nt 4&er8 #/ 4#%rt, ;0# re4e13es t0eponencias !n" rollos.119;S0e /%rt0er st!te" t0!t 1n 0er $#re t0!n 5 *e!rs #/ ;#r8 1n t0e C#%rt,

s0e ne3er 0e!r" !n* 1n41"ent #/ ! "r!/tponencia)e1n' &e!8e" e@4e2t t01s

#ne.120;

10. MA$OR EDUARDO +. ESCALA, C01e/ J%"141!& St!// O//14er #/ t0e

Se4%r1t* 131s1#n, O//14e #/ A"$1n1str!t13e Ser314es, test1/1e" !s /#&s:

Se4%r1t* 2ers#nne& 1ns2e4t !&& #//14es e3er*"!* !t

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;!s !n %r'ent res#&%t1#n.1

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1. CHESTER GEORGE P. DEL CASTILLO, Ut1&1t* #r8er, O//14e #/

Ass#41!te J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es, test1/1e" !s /#&s:

He ?#1ne" t0e st!// #/ J%st14e Re*es 1n Se2te$)er +9 %2#n t0e

re4#$$en"!t1#n #/ C#%rt #/ A22e!&s J%st14e M!r1!n# e& C!st1& !n"

Ret1re" J%st14e C!n41# G!r41!.1>=;

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He ;!s t0e $#st 2r#/141ent 1n t0e %se #/ t0e 20#t#4#21ers 1n t0e

#//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es s# 1t ;!s t# 01$ t0!t t0e t!s8 #/ 20#t#4#2*1n'

"#4%$ents ;!s %s%!&&* '13en )* e& R#s!r1# !n" t0e &!;*ers. 1>>;He,

0#;e3er, ne3er 20#t#4#21e" !n* 2!2er )e!r1n' t0e s1'n!t%res #/ t0e

J%st14es.1>?;He "1" n#t 0!n"&eponencias 1n G1&)ert 2!2er n#r e3er

20#t#4#2* !n*ponencia 1n G1&)ert 2!2er.1>7;

He %s%!&&* &e/t t0e #//14e !t : 2.$. He s#$et1$es s!; $e$)ers

#/ t0e st!// 20#t#4#2*1n' 2!2ers e3en )e*#n" : 2.$. It ;!s e&

R#s!r1# ;0# #/ten '!3e #r"ers t# 20#t#4#2* "r!/ts !n" ;0# ;!s t0e $#st

tr%ste" $e$)er #/ t0e st!// !s "e$#nstr!te" )* t0e /!4t t0!t 0e 4#%&" '# 1n

!n" #%t #/ J%st14e Re*ess 40!$)ers. 1>@;e& R#s!r1# ne3er &e/t t0e #//14e

)e/#re J%st14e Re*es !n" 0e =e& R#s!r1#> #/ten &e/t &!te.1>9;

He 0!" ne3er )een t#Baranga' Malamig!&t0#%'0 0e 0!" )een t#

B1!n, L!'%n!.1?0;He "#es n#t 8n#; B1r!#'# #r 01s ;1/e. 1?1;Ne1t0er "#es

0e 8n#; P!r!s.1?2; He "1" n#t 8n#; ;0ere G1&)ert 4#21es ;ere 8e2t.1?

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"%t* t# 0!n"&e #r re4e13eponencias 1n G1&)ert /#r$.172;He 4#%&" n#t

re$e$)er 1/ 0e 0!" e3er re4e13e" !n* 2!2er 1n 4#nne4t1#n ;1t0

t0eLimkaichong4!se.17;It ;!s n#t t0e1r st!n"!r" #2er!t1n' 2r#4e"%re t# &e!3e !n*

G1&)ert 2!2er 1n t0e1r #//14e 1/ 1t 4#%&" n#t )e s1'ne" r1'0t !;!*.1@?;

1@. RETIRED $USTICE RUBEN T. REYES, /#r 01s 2!rt, s%)$1tte"

"%r1n' t0e 0e!r1n' #n J!n%!r* ++, +, ! ;r1tten st!te$ent ent1t&e"

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N#tesO)ser3!t1#ns =N#tes> 4#ns1st1n' #/ 5+ 2!r!'r!20s. In 01s N#tes, J%st14e

Re*es stresse" t0e /#&1n':

B1r!#'# "1" n#t 2#1nt t# 01$ !s t0e s#%r4e #/ t0e &e!8 #/ t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponenciaD1@7;

1n B1r!#'#s e4e$)er ++, +6 C#$2&1!n4e;1t0 t0e C#%rts S0#; C!%se Or"er, B1r!#'# st!te" t0!t 01s 1n/#r$!nt ;!s

!&&e'e"&* ! SC 4#n4erne" e$2*ee ;0# &e/t ! )r#;n en3ee ;1t0 !

&etter !n" s#$e "#4%$ents 1n 01s B1!n, L!'%n! 0#$eD 1t 4#%&" )e seen

/r#$ t0e !tt!40$ents t# B1r!#'#s C#$2&1!n4e t0!t 1t ;!s n#t #n&* t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia #r G1&)ert 4#2* t0!t ;!s &e!8e" )%t !&s# t;#

#t0er 4#n/1"ent1!& "#4%$ents: 01s Re31se" r!/tponencia/#r t0e J%ne 59,

+6 !'en"!=!tt!40e" !s Anne@ B t# t0e C#$2&1!n4e> !n" J%st14e

C!r21#sReflecions=!tt!40e" !s Anne@ >D !n" s1n4e t0ese #t0er

"#4%$ents ;ere 41r4%&!te" t# !&& J%st14es, t0e 1n3est1'!t1#n s0#%&" n#t #n&*

/#4%s #n t0e &e!8 #/ t0e %n2r#$%&'!te" ponencia)%t !&s# #n t0e &e!8 #/

t0e t;# #t0er 4#n/1"ent1!& !n" 1ntern!& "#4%$ents #/ t0e C#%rt.1@@;

J%st14e Re*es !&s# 2#1nte" #%t 1n 01s N#tes !s /#&s: t0e

4#$$1ttee s0#%&" n#t #n&* #8 1nt# 01s #//14e )%t !&s# t0e #//14es #/

J%st14e C!r21# !n" t0e #t0er J%st14es. He, 0#;e3er, re1ter!te" t0!t 0e 0!"

s!1" 1n 01s $e"1! 1nter31e;s t0!t 0e )e&1e3e" t0!t n#ne #/ t0e J%st14es

t0e$se&3es, $%40 &ess t0e C01e/ J%st14e, &e!8e" t0eponencia #r !%t0#r17e"

1ts &e!8!'e.

J%st14e Re*es 2#1nte" #%t t0!t B1r!#'#s 1n/#r$!nt $ent1#ne" !

4ert!1n Att*. R#se&, ;0# ;!s !&&e'e"&* ! 4se /r1en" !n" /#r$er 2!rtner #/

J%st14e C!r21#. J%st14e Re*es s!1" t0!t Att*. R#se& !&&e'e"&* !s8e" ! /!3#r

/r#$ J%st14e C!r21# )e/#re t0e &!tter ;r#te 01s Reflecions.1@9;T0%s, 0e

s!1", t0e 4#$$1ttee s0#%&" !&s# %est1#n Att*. R#se& !n" e3en J%st14e

C!r21# 01$se&/.

On ;0* 0e "1" n#t &1/t ! /1n'er ;0en B1r!#'# '#t 0#&" #/ t0e

"e41s1#n, "es21te re2#rts re'!r"1n' t0e &e!8, J%st14e Re*es st!te" t0!t 0e

;!s #n ! s!))!t14!& &e!3e ;1t0 t0e M!n"!t#r* C#nt1n%1n' Le'!& E"%4!t1#n

rese!r40 1n /#%r St!tes 1n t0e Un1te" St!tes /r#$ O4t#)er 5,

+6 t# N#3e$)er 5, +6.

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He 0!" n#t01n' t# "# ;1t0 t0e &e!8 !n" 0e e3en 2re2!re" ! se4#n"

"r!/t "e41s1#n ="e31!t1n' /r#$ 01s 2r1#r "1s2#s1t1#n> !/ter #r!& !r'%$ents

;ere 0e&" #n t0e 4!se.

T0%s, 1n 01s N#tes, 0e 2#se": I/ 0e &e!8e" 1t, ;0* ;#%&" 0e 2re2!re! se4#n" "1//erent "e41s1#n He ;1&&1n'&* #)&1'e" t# t0e 0#&"1n' #/ #r!&

!r'%$ents. He 0!" n# 4#$$1t$ent t# !n*)#"* !n" 0!" n# re!s#n t# &e!8

t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia.190;He !""e", IF/ 0e 0!" ! 0!n" 1n t0e &e!8,

;0* ;#%&" 1t 1n4&%"e J%st14e C!r21#sReflecions ;0140 ;!s 4#ntr!r* t#

t0e %n2r#$%&'!te" "e41s1#n

J%st14e Re*es, st1&& 1n 01s N#tes, st!te" t0!t n# J%st14e 1n 01s r1'0t

$1n" ;#%&" &e!8 t0e %n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia#r #t0er 4#n/1"ent1!&

"#4%$ents, s%40 !s t0e Re31se" r!/t !n" J%st14e C!r21#sReflecions.

He ;ent #n t# re/er t# B1r!#'#s C#$2&1!n4e t0!t t0e 1n/#r$!nt ;!s

2%r2#rte"&* !n #&" 0!n" 1n t0e S%2re$e C#%rt ;0# ;!s !44%st#$e" t# t0e

2r!4t14es #/ t0e J%st14es !n" 0!" ! 41r4&e #r 'r#%2 1n t0e S%2re$e

C#%rt. S1n4e !&& 01s #//14e st!//, e@4e2t t;# sten#'r!20ers, #ne %t1&1t*

;#r8er !n" #ne $essen'er, ;ere !&& ne; 1n t0e C#%rt, t0en t0e #&" 0!n"

re/erre" t# 4#%&" n#t 0!3e 4#$e /r#$ 01s #//14e. B%t 1/ 1t 4#%&" )e 2r#3en

)* e31"en4e t0!t #ne #/ 01s st!// ;!s t0e s#%r4e #/ t0e &e!8, J%st14e Re*es

!r'%e" t0!t #n&* t0!t st!// s0#%&" )e $!"e &1!)&e, /#r 0e 0!" 2%)&14&*

"e4&!re" t0!t 0e "1" n#t !n" ;#%&" ne3er !& n#r t#&er!te s%40 &e!8!'e .191;

M#re #n J%st14e Re*ess N#tes: He s%''este"

t0!tNe-s%reak ;r1ters M!r1tes V1t%' !n" Ar1es R%/# )e 41te" /#r

4#nte$2t #/ 4#%rt, /#r #)t!1n1n', ;1t0#%t &!;/%& !%t0#r1t*, 4#n/1"ent1!&

1n/#r$!t1#n !n" "#4%$ents /r#$ t0e C#%rt, #//141!&s #r e$2*ees, !n" /#r

;r1t1n' /!&se, $!&141#%s !rt14&es ;0140 ten"e" t# 1n/&%en4e t0e

1n3est1'!t1#n #/ t0e 4#$$1ttee !n" t# "e'r!"e, 1$2e"e !n" #)str%4t t0e

!"$1n1str!t1#n #/ ?%st14e.192;

As1"e /r#$ s%)$1tt1n' 01s N#tes, J%st14e Re*es !&s# test1/1e" !s /#&s:

01&e 0e ;!s /1rst 0e!r" #n J!n%!r* 5, +, !/ter 0e 2resente" !

-2!r!'r!20 ;r1tten st!te$ent, 0e n#t14e" t0!t 1t nee"e" re/1ne$ent !n"

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re31s1#n s# 0e re%este" /#r t1$e t# e"1t 1t. Hen4e, 0e s%)$1tte" 01s !)#3e-

$ent1#ne" N#tes #n J!n%!r* ++, +.

J%st14e Re*es 1"ent1/1e" t0e G1&)ert 4#2*, ;0140 0e s%)$1tte"

e!r&1er t# t0e 4#$$1ttee /#r s!/e8ee21n', !n" 01s N#tes.19;He s%''este"t0!t ;0!t s0#%&" )e 1n3est1'!te" ;!s t0e s#%r4e #/ t0e t0ree "#4%$ents.19?;J%st14e Q%1s%$)1n' re2&1e" t0!t t0e $!tter see$e" sett&e" )e4!%se

J%st14e Re*es !&s# $ent1#ne" 1n P!r!'r!20 N#. #/ 01s N#tes t0!t 0e

)e&1e3e" t0!t n#ne #/ t0e J%st14es, $%40 &ess t0e C01e/ J%st14e, 4!%se" #r

!%t0#r17e" t0e &e!8.197;J%st14e Re*es stresse" t0!t 0e t0#%'0t 1t ;!s #n&*

/!1r t0!t t0e C#$$1ttee !&s# 4!&& J%st14e C!r21# t# s0e" &1'0t #n t0e $!tter

1n t0e s!$e ;!* t0!t 0e ;!s !s8e" t# s0e" &1'0t t0ere#n. 19@;

J%st14e C!r21# M#r!&es 2#1nte" #%t t0!t J%st14e Re*essponencia!s s1'ne"

)* 5 J%st14es "1" n#t 4#$e 1nt# t0e 2#ssess1#n #/ t0e #t0er J%st14es )%t #n&* #/

J%st14e Re*es.199;S0e !""e" t0!t 1/ '14 ;ere /#&e", t0en !&& #/ t0e J%st14es

s0#%&" )e 1n3est1'!te" )e4!%se 4#21es #/ J%st14e C!r21#sReflecions;ere

41r4%&!te" t# !&&. S0e "e4&!re" t0!t s0e ;!s ;1&&1n' t# )e 1n3est1'!te" !n" t0!t s0e

;!s 3#&%nteer1n' t# )e 1n3est1'!te". 200;H#;e3er, s0e 2#1nte" #%t t0!t t0e '14 #/

J%st14e Re*es ;!s $1s2&!4e", 4#ns1"er1n' t0!t t0e "#4%$ents !tt!40e" t# B1r!#'#s

C#$2&1!n4e ;ere !&&e'e"&* re4e13e" !t t0e s!$e t1$e. I/ B1r!#'# re4e13e" t0e

"#4%$ents !t t0e s!$e t1$e !n" #ne J%st14e ne3er t##8 0#&" #/ t0eponencia!ss1'ne", s!1" J%st14e 4#%&" n#t 0!3e $!"e t0e &e!8 t# B1r!#'#.201;

J%st14e Re*es ;ent #n t# test1/* !s /#&s: T0e G1&)ert 4#2* ;0140 0e

s%)$1tte" t# t0e 4#$$1ttee ;!s '13en t# 01$ )* e& R#s!r1#.202;He "1" n#t

20#t#4#2* t0e G1&)ert 4#2* n#r 2r#31"e B1r!#'# ! 4#2* t0ere#/ #r 1nstr%4t !n* #/

01s st!// t# 20#t#4#2* t0e s!$e.20

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T0e @er#@ 4#2* #/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2* !tt!40e" t# t0e C#$2&1!n4e #/ B1r!#'#

!22e!re" t# )e t0e s!$e !s t0e 4#$$1ttees 4#2* )e4!%se 0e =J%st14e Re*es>

#8e" !t t0e 1n1t1!&s #n e!40 2!'e !n" /#%n" t0e$ t# )e s1$1&!r.20=;J%st14e

Q%1s%$)1n' t0ere%2#n 1n31te" J%st14e Re*ess !ttent1#n t# t0e 4#3er 2!'e #/ t0e

G1&)ert 4#2* ;0140 0!" )een s%)$1tte" t# !n" 1n 4%st#"* #/ t0e 4#$$1ttee

=4#$$1ttees 4#2*>.20>;U2#n 2er%s!& t0ere#/, $%&'!(" R"4"& &')'" ')' '" (o5"

)" o# '" (o//!''""& (o4 ! o' )") 'o 3" '" &)/" )& '" (o5" )"

o# B!)oo& (o4. He #)ser3e" t0!t t0e 4#3er 2!'e #/ t0e 4#$$1ttees 4#2*

s0#;e" t0e !'en"! "!te J%&* +, +6, !n" t0!t t0e L1$8!140#n' 4!se ;!s &1ste"

!s Ite$ N#. , "")&t0e 4#3er 2!'e #/ B1r!#'#s 4#2* s0#;e" t0e !'en"!

"!te J%&* 5 #/

t0e G1&)ert 4#2* t# ;0140 ne; 4#2* t0e &e/t t#2 4#rner #/ t0e t#2 4#3er ;!s

st!2&e" ! 5@5 21e4e #/ t0148 2!2er )e!r1n' t0e 1n1t1!&s RTR !n" #n t0e r1'0t t#2

4#rner #/ t0e s!$e 4#3er !22e!re" ! 0!n";r1tten n#t!t1#n re!"1n' G1&)ert

4#2*. $%&'!(" R"4"& "")'"4 &')'" ')' !& " (o4 )& ) #)(&!/!" o# '"

(o//!''""& (o4.He 2#1nte" #%t t0!t t0e 1n1t1!&s #n 2!'e #/ t0e ne; 4#2* !n"

t0!t #/ t0e 4#$$1ttees 4#2* $!t40e". He 4#n4&%"e", 0#;e3er, t0!t 2!'e #/

B1r!#'#s 4#2* ;!s n#t ! /!1t0/%& re2r#"%4t1#n #/ t0e 4#$$1ttees 4#2*. 211;J%st14e

Re*es !3#1"e" t0e %est1#n #/ ;0et0er 0e #r 01s st!// 8e2t $#re t0!n #ne @er#@

4#2* #/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2* t0!t 0!" )een s1'ne" )* $!?#r1t* #r 5 $e$)ers #/ t0e

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C#%rt, s!*1n' t0!t 0e 4#%&" n#t s!* s# )e4!%se 0e "1" n#t 2ers#n!&&* !tten" t#

20#t#4#2*1n' #/ "e41s1#ns.212;He stresse" t0!t 01s 1n1t1!&s #n 2!'e #/ t0e ne;

4#2* "1//ere" /r#$ t0e 1n1t1!&s !22e!r1n' #n 2!'e #/ B1r!#'#s 4#2*. 21

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" )&" 'o "x)! 4 '" " (o4, !( " ()!/" 'o )5"

3"" o'o(o!" #o/ '" (o//!''""& (o4, ! o' /)'( '" (o//!''""&

(o4 o )" 1 3%' /)'(" )" 1 o# B!)oo& (o4, $%&'!(" R"4"& o##""

o "x))'!o.22

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R#s!r1# #r t# Att*. E3!n'e&1st! r1'0t !/ter t0e En B!n4 sess1#n, !n" ()!/" ')'

" "5" )5" '" !&'%('!o 'o 3! '" G!3"' (o4 'o '" O##!(" o# $%&'!("

N)(%). He &18e;1se 1ns1ste" t0!t t0e test1$#n* #/ Att*. E3!n'e&1st! ;!s

1n4#rre4t !n" t0!t 0e ;#%&" r!t0er )e&1e3e e& R#s!r1#s test1$#n*.2==;

THE IN+ESTIGATING COMMITTEES FINDINGS OF FACT

(r#$ t0e test1$#n1es #/ t0e ;1tnesses, t0e 4#$$1ttee /1n"s t0e /#&1n'

/!4ts est!)&1s0e".

On J%&* 5

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M!n!)!t t0en re2!1re" t# t0e 40!$)ers #/ $%&'!(" R"4"& o !%!"

#o/ !/ !# $%&'!(" N)(%) ) &!" '" "!'" )"

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On J%&* + !ns;ere" 1n t0e ne'!t13e.

EVALUAION

T0e 4#$$1ttee /1n"s t0!t '" o'o(o4! o# '" G!3"' (o4

o((%" +et9een$%4 1>, 200@, 3"#o" !' )& 3o%' 'o '" OC$ o )#'"

!' )& "'!"5" o $%4 1?, 200@ #o/ '" OC$ , and$%4 2>, 200@, ;0en t0e

O//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es 4!%se" t0e 2re2!r!t1#n #/ t0e ne; 4#3er 2!'e #/ t0e

G1&)ert 4#2* t# re/&e4t t0!t 1t ;!s !'en"!e" !s Ite$ N#. 1n t0e J%&* +, +6 En

B!n4 sess1#n, 3"()%&" '" (o5" )" o# '" o'o(o4 ! '" o&&"&&!o o#

B!)oo, )& " )& '" (o5" )" o# $%&'!(" R"4"&& " (o4, &'! 3o" '"

)") )'" $%4 1>, 200@ ) I'"/ No. >2.

T0e 4#$$1ttee &18e;1se /1n"s t0!t t0e &e!8!'e ;!s 1ntent1#n!&&* "#ne. It

;!s n#t t0e res%&t #/ ! 4#2* )e1n' $1s2&!4e" !n" 1n!"3ertent&* 2148e" %2 )*

B1r!#'# #r s#$e#ne 1n 01s )e0!&/.T0e 4#$$1ttee n#tes t0!t n#ne #/ t0e #//14es t#

;0140 t0e G1&)ert 4#2* ;!s )r#%'0t =OCJ !n" t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e N!40%r!> !n"

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;0140 !4%1re" 4#ntr#& #3er 1t 20#t#4#21e"ponencias 1n G1&)ert /#r$ !n"

re&e!se" 20#t#4#21es t0ere#/ t# 2!rt* &1t1'!nts. In !n* e3ent, !s e!r&1er

re/&e4te",)" 1 o# '" G!3"' (o4 ')' )& &"' 'o '" OC$ ) $%&'!("

N)(%)& O##!(" ) )" 1 o# B!)oo& o'o(o4 !##".

T# re1ter!te, t0e G1&)ert 4#2* )e!r1n' t0e s1'n!t%res #/ 5 J%st14es ;!s

20#t#4#21e" !n" t0!t ! 4#2* t0ere#/ ;!s 1ntent1#n!&&* &e!8e" "1re4t&* #r 1n"1re4t&*

t# B1r!#'#. As ;1&& )e "1s4%sse" )e, '" (o//!''"" FINDS ')' '" ")

()/" #o/ '" O##!(" o# $%&'!(" R"4"&.

It )e!rs re1ter!t1n' t0!t t0e &e!8 "1" n#t 4#$e /r#$ t0e OCJ e3en 1/ t0e

G1&)ert 4#2* st!*e" t0ere1n /r#$ : 2.$. #n J%&* 5

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"r!/t,2re41se&* )e4!%se t0e J%st14es 0!3e *et t# '# #3er 1t !n" "e&1)er!te #n 1t. As

st!n"!r" 2r#4e"%re, 1t 1s #n&* !/ter ! "r!/t "e41s1#n 0!s )een !"#2te" )* t0e C#%rt

t0!t 1t 1s /1n!&17e"-2r1nte" #n G1&)ert 2!2er !n" e3er* 2!'e t0ere#/ 1s !%t0ent14!te"

)* t0eponene, !n" 41r4%&!te" /#r s1'n!t%re )* t0e #t0er J%st14es.

It nee" n#t )e %n"er&1ne" t0!t t0ere ;!s n# #22#rt%n1t* /#r !n*#ne /r#$

t0e #//14es #/ t0e Ass#41!te J%st14es t# 20#t#4#2* t0eponencia!s n#ne #/ s!1"

#//14es !4%1re" 2#ssess1#n #/ t0e "#4%$ent, e@4e2t t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es

!n" t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e N!40%r!. B%t )!se" #n test1$#n*, t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia st!*e" 1n t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e N!40%r! #n&* /#r &ess t0!n

/13e $1n%tes, ;0140 "1" n#t s%//14e /#r 1t t# )e s1'ne" )* J%st14e N!40%r! !n" t#

)e 20#t#4#21e". A)!, ) ! )4 "5"', )" 1 o# '" o'o(o4 ! B!)oo&

o&&"&&!o o"& o' /)'( '" &)/" )" o# '" G!3"' (o4.

(%rt0er$#re, e@4e2t /#r J%st14e Re*es, t0e Ass#41!te J%st14es t##8 0#&" #/

t0e G1&)ert 4#2* #n&* )r1e/&* ;0en t0e* s1'ne" 1t !t t0e En B!n4 4#n/eren4e

r##$. At n# #t0er t1$e "1" !n* #/ t0e$ 0#&" t0e "#4%$ent n' en#%'0 t#

20#t#4#2* 1t. P%rs%!nt t# st!n"!r" 2r#4e"%re, #n&* t0eponene, J%st14e Re*es 1n

t01s 4!se, !n" 01s st!//, t##8 4%st#"* #/ t0eponencia)e!r1n' t0e s1'n!t%res #/ 5

J%st14es )e/#re 1t ;!s sent t# t0e OCJ.

B%t ;0# /r#$ t0e O//14e #/ J%st14e Re*es &e!8e" t0e

%n2r#$%&'!te"ponencia01&e t0e e31"en4e s0#;s t0!t t0e 40!1n #/ 4%st#"*

4#%&" n#t r%&e #%t t0e 2#ss1)1&1t* t0!t t0e G1&)ert 4#2*;!s 20#t#4#21e" )* e&

R#s!r1# ;0# 0!" 4#ntr#& !n" 2#ssess1#n #/ 1t, !n" ;01&e t0ere 1s n# "1re4t

e31"en4e !s t# t0e 1"ent1t* #/ t0e 2er2etr!t#r #/ t0e &e!8!'e, '" (o//!''""

FINDS ')' 3)&" o '" (!(%/&')'!) "5!"(" "#"('" )3o5",

)'!(%)4 '" "5!"' %%" !'""&' o# $%&'!(" R"4"& 'o (!(%)'" ) )#'

o"(!) o# '" ()&" &oo"&' "5" +e#ore '" /"/o)) o# ) '" )'!"& #"

%", ) 'o !'o '" !#o/)'!o 'o A''4. E5)"!&') ) D" Ro&)!o

')' '" o/%)'!o o# '" o"(!) )& %' o o ), !&'"), )o '"!//"!)'" o/%)'!o )#'" %( &espte!& )/!&&!o ')' '" "(!&!o 'o

o '" o/%)'!o )& )!5" )' )' %('!/", !' )& $%&'!(" R"4"&

!/&"# o ")" ) o'o(o4 '""o#.

Re4!&& t0!t t0e C#%rt '!3e "%e 4#%rse t# t0e 2et1t1#n #n A2r1& 6, +6 !n"

t0e /1rst $e$#r!n"%$ ;!s /1&e" )* t0e O//14e #/ t0e S#&141t#r Gener!& #n&*

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#n J%ne 5, +6. T0e #t0er 2!rt1es, n!$e&*, O&131! P!r!s, S2e!8er N#'r!&es, e

al., !n" B1r!#'# s%)se%ent&* /1&e" t0e1r res2e4t13e $e$#r!n"! #n&* #n J%&* 5, +,

!n" +, +6. E3en )e/#re t0e En B!n4 sess1#n #/ J%ne 5, +6,0#;e3er, J%st14e

Re*es 0!" !&re!"* 41r4%&!te" ! "r!/t "e41s1#n.

(%rt0er, st1&& &!ter #r #n J%ne 5+, +6, J%st14e Re*es 41r4%&!te", 31!

tr!ns$1tt!& &etter #/ e3en "!te 2r1nte" #n 01s $e$# 2!" !n" s1'ne" )* 01$, !

Re31se" r!/t, (o4 o# !( ')&/!'') "''", )& " )& '" R"5!&" D)#',

)&o ()/" !'o '" o&&"&&!o o# B!)oo=Anne@ B t# B1r!#'#s C#$2&1!n4e>.

(%rt0er$#re, e3en !/ter t0e J%st14es 0!", !t &%n40t1$e #/ J%&* 5

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se3en J%st14es 0!" 4#n4%rre" 1n t0e res%&t. 2=7;It )e!rs re4!&&1n' t0!t t0e C01e/

J%st14e 4#n/1r$e" n#t1n' &%( #)(' %! %('!/". H#;e3er, t0e /#&1n'

"!*, "%r1n' t0e e4e$)er 5, +6 2r#4ee"1n's, J%st14e Re*es 1$2&1e" t0!t

2%rs%!nt t# st!n"!r" #2er!t1n' 2r#4e"%res, 01s st!// '#t 01s /#&"ers 1n4&%"1n' t0e

G1&)ert 4#2* r1'0t !/ter t0e En B!n4 sess1#n. Hen4e, s# 0e re!s#ne", !s t0e

!'ree$ent t# 2%t #n 0#&" t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ t0e G1&)ert 4#2*!n" t# 0#&" #r!&

!r'%$ents #n t0e 4!se ;!s !rr13e" !t #n&* !/ter &%n40 ;0140 /#&e" t0e

!"?#%rn$ent #/ t0e En B!n4 sess1#n, 01s st!// "1" n#t 8n#; !)#%t s%40 !'ree$ent.+6FB%t "5" D" Ro&)!o, o&" '"&'!/o4 " ("!'& /o" ') )4 o# '"

o'" /"/3"& o# !& &')##, ()'"o!()4 &')'" ')' $%&'!(" R"4"& )5" !/

'" G!3"' (o4 )#'" " $%&'!(" R"4"& ) ')" !& %( ) !" "

D" Ro&)!o, $%&'!(" R"4"& ) A''4. E5)"!&') "", 3"#o" 1:00 ./., o

'"! )4 'o $%&'!(" R"4"&& o##!(", !n" t0!t, )' ')' !&')', $%&'!(" R"4"&!&'%('" A''4. E5)"!&') 'o )5" '" &!)'%" )"

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20#t#4#2* 01s ne; 4#2*, )%t #n&* !/ter t0e* !//1@e" t0e1r s1'n!t%res !n" "!te

=J!n%!r* ++, +> #n t0e /1rst < 2!'es t0ere#/.

T# t0e $e$)ers #/ t0e 4#$$1ttee, t0e /#re'#1n' 2r#3en /!4ts !n"

41r4%$st!n4es 4#nst1t%te/o" ') &%3&')'!) "5!"(" !( ")&o)34o!'& 'o $%&'!(" R"4"&, "&!'" !& o'"&')'!o& o# !o("(", +F)& THE

&o%(" o# '" "). He $%st, t0ere/#re, )e 0e&" &1!)&e /#r GRA+E

MISCONDUCT.

E##e)t o# *$st)e Re-ess Retre(ent

T0e s%)se%ent ret1re$ent #/ ! ?%"'e #r !n* ?%"141!& #//14er /r#$ t0e

ser314e "#es n#t 2re4&%"e t0e /1n"1n' #/ !n* !"$1n1str!t13e &1!)1&1t* t# ;0140 0e 1s

!ns;er!)&e.2>0;

A 4!se )e4#$es $##t !n" !4!"e$14 #n&* ;0en t0ere 1s n# $#re !4t%!&

4#ntr#3ers* )et;een t0e 2!rt1es #r n# %se/%& 2%r2#se 4!n )e ser3e" 1n 2!ss1n'

%2#n t0e $er1ts #/ t0e 4!se. T0e 1nst!nt 4!se 1s n#t $##t !n" !4!"e$14, "es21te

J%st14e Re*ess ret1re$ent.

E3en 1/ t0e $#st se3ere #/ !"$1n1str!t13e s!n4t1#ns $!* n# n'er )e

1$2#se", t0ere !re #t0er 2en!&t1es ;0140 $!* )e 1$2#se" 1/ #ne 1s &!ter /#%n"

'%1&t* #/ t0e !"$1n1str!t13e #//enses 40!r'e", 1n4&%"1n' t0e !&%)!#!()'!o 'o

o )4 o5"/"' o##!("!n" t0e #o#"!'%" o# 3""#!'&.2>1;

T0e C#%rt ret!1ns ?%r1s"14t1#n e1t0er t# 2r#n#%n4e ! res2#n"ent #//141!& 1nn#4ent

#/ t0e 40!r'es #r "e4&!re 01$0er '%1&t* t0ere#/. A 4#ntr!r* r%&e ;#%&" )e /r!%'0t

;1t0 1n?%st14e !n" 2re'n!nt ;1t0 "re!"/%& !n" "!n'er#%s 1$2&14!t1#ns. (#r, ;0!t

re$e"* ;#%&" t0e 2e#2&e 0!3e !'!1nst ! 4131& ser3!nt ;0# res#rts t# ;r#n'/%& !n"

1&&e'!& 4#n"%4t "%r1n' 01s0er &!st "!*s 1n #//14e 0!t ;#%&" 2re3ent ! 4#rr%2t

!n" %ns4r%2%%s '#3ern$ent e$2*ee /r#$ 4#$$1tt1n' !)%ses !n" #t0er

4#n"e$n!)&e !4ts 8n#;1n' /%&&* ;e&& t0!t 0es0e ;#%&" s##n )e )e*#n" t0e 2!&e

#/ t0e &!; !n" 1$$%ne /r#$ !&& !"$1n1str!t13e 2en!&t1es

I/ #n&* /#r re!s#ns #/ 2%)&14 2#&14*, t01s C#%rt $%st !ssert !n" $!1nt!1n 1ts

?%r1s"14t1#n #3er $e$)ers #/ t0e ?%"141!r* !n" #t0er #//141!&s %n"er 1ts s%2er31s1#n

!n" 4#ntr#& /#r !4ts "#o/" ! o##!(" ;0140 !re 1n1$14!& t# t0e ser314e !n"

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2re?%"141!& t# t0e 1nterests #/ &1t1'!nts !n" t0e 'ener!& 2%)&14. I/ 1nn#4ent, !

res2#n"ent #//141!& $er1ts 31n"14!t1#n #/ 01s0er n!$e !n" 1nte'r1t* !s 0e &e!3es

t0e '#3ern$ent ;0140 0es0e ser3e" ;e&& !n" /!1t0/%&&*D 1/ '%1&t*, 0es0e "eser3es

t# re4e13e t0e 4#rres2#n"1n' 4ens%re !n" ! 2en!&t* 2r#2er !n" 1$2#s!)&e %n"er

t0e s1t%!t1#n.2>2;

T0e C#%rt 4!nn#t #3er-e$20!s17e t0e 1$2#rt!n4e #/ t0e t!s8 #/ 2reser31n'

t0e 4#n/1"ent1!&1t* !n" 1nte'r1t* #/ 4#%rt re4#r"s. A n%$)er #/ r%&es !n" 1ntern!&

2r#4e"%res !re 1n 2&!4e t# ens%re t0e #)ser3!n4e #/ t01s t!s8 )* 4#%rt 2ers#nne&.

T0e Ne; C#"e #/ J%"141!& C#n"%4t2>=;T0e C#"e #/

C#n"%4t /#r C#%rt Pers#nne& &18e;1se "e3#tes #ne ;0#&e 4!n#n #n 4#n/1"ent1!&1t*,t# ;1t:

SECTION 5. C#%rt 2ers#nne& s0!&& n#t "1s4se t# !n* %n!%t0#r17e" 2ers#n !n*4#n/1"ent1!& 1n/#r$!t1#n !4%1re" )* t0e$ ;01&e e$2*e" 1n t0e ?%"141!r*,

;0et0er s%40 1n/#r$!t1#n 4!$e /r#$ !%t0#r17e" #r %n!%t0#r17e" s#%r4es.

Co#!"'!) !#o/)'!o /")& !#o/)'!o o' 4"' /)" ) /)''" o# %3!(

"(o ")'! 'o "! ()&"&, )& " )& !#o/)'!o o' 4"' /)" %3!(

(o("! '" o o# )4 8%&'!("o 8%" ")'! 'o "! ()&"&,

!(%! o'"&, )#'&, "&")( )"&, !'") !&(%&&!o&, !'")

/"/o)), "(o& o# !'") "!3")'!o& ) &!/!) )"&.

T" o'"&, )#'&, "&")( )"&, !'") !&(%&&!o&, !'")

/"/o)), "(o& o# !'") "!3")'!o& ) &!/!) )"& ')' )

8%&'!(" o 8%" %&"& ! ")! ) "(!&!o, "&o%'!o o o"

&) "/)! (o#!"'!) "5" )#'" '" "(!&!o, "&o%'!o o o" !& /)"

%3!(.

SEC. +. C#n/1"ent1!& 1n/#r$!t1#n !3!1&!)&e t# s2e41/14 1n"131"%!&s )* re!s#n #/

st!t%te, 4#%rt r%&e #r !"$1n1str!t13e 2#&14* s0!&& )e "1s4se" #n&* )* 2ers#ns

!%t0#r17e" t# "# s#.

SEC. . Un&ess e@2ress&* !%t0#r17e" )* t0e "es1'n!te" !%t0#r1t*, 4#%rt 2ers#nne&s0!&& n#t "1s4se 4#n/1"ent1!& 1n/#r$!t1#n '13en )* &1t1'!nts, ;1tnesses #r

!tt#rne*s t# ?%st14es, ?%"'es #r !n* #t0er 2ers#n.

SEC. . (#r$er 4#%rt 2ers#nne& s0!&& n#t "1s4se 4#n/1"ent1!& 1n/#r$!t1#n

!4%1re" )* t0e$ "%r1n' t0e1r e$2*$ent 1n t0e J%"141!r* ;0en "1s4se" )*

4%rrent 4#%rt 2ers#nne& #/ t0e s!$e 1n/#r$!t1#n ;#%&" 4#nst1t%te ! )re!40 #/

4#n/1"ent1!&1t*. An* "1s4s%re 1n 31#&!t1#n #/ t01s 2r#31s1#ns s0!&& 4#nst1t%te

1n"1re4t 4#nte$2t #/ 4#%rt.2>>;=E$20!s1s !n" %n"ers4#r1n' s%22&1e".>

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Ine&%4t!)&*, !n* re&e!se #/ ! 4#2* t# t0e 2%)&14, #r t# t0e 2!rt1es, #/ !n

%n2r#$%&'!te" 2#nen41! 1n/r1n'es #n t0e 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "e&1)er!t1#ns #/ t0e

C#%rt. It 1s sett&e" t0!t t0e 1ntern!& "e&1)er!t1#ns #/ t0e C#%rt !re 4#n/1"ent1!&.2>?;A /r!n8 e@40!n'e #/ e@2r!t#r* 1"e!s !n" !ssess$ents, /ree /r#$ t0e '&!re #/

2%)&141t* !n" 2ress%re )* 1ntereste" 2!rt1es, 1s essent1!& t# 2r#te4t t0e

1n"e2en"en4e #/ "e41s1#n-$!81n' #/ t0#se t!s8e" t# e@er41se ?%"141!& 2#;er.2>7;

InMirasol v. *e La &orre, Jr.,2>@;t0e C#%rt st!te" t0!t 4F#%rt "#4%$ents

!re 4#n/1"ent1!& "#4%$ents. T0e* $%st n#t )e t!8en #%t #/ t0e 4#%rt ;1t0#%t

2r#2er !%t0#r1t* !n" ;1t0#%t t0e ne4ess!r* s!/e'%!r"s t# ens%re t0e1r

4#n/1"ent1!&1t* !n" 1nte'r1t*. T0%s, t0e C#%rt /#%n" t0e 4&er8 #/ 4#%rt '%1&t* #/

'r#ss $1s4#n"%4t. M#re#3er, t0e 4!se en%n41!tes t0!t !4ts #/ 'r#ss $1s4#n"%4t

"estr#* t0e '##" 1$!'e #/ t0e ?%"141!r* s# t0e C#%rt 4!nn#t 4#%nten!n4e t0e$ n#r

!& t0e 2er2etr!t#rs t# re$!1n 1n #//14e. T01s s!$e 2r#n#%n4e$ent ;!s

re1ter!te" 1nBeg!en v. Masangca'.2>9;T0#%'0 )#t0 4!ses 1n3#&3e 1n"1s4ret1#ns #/

4&er8s #/ 4#%rt, 1t 1s )%t '14!& t0!t ! 01'0er st!n"!r" #/ 4!re )e 1$2#se" %2#n

$!'1str!tes #/ t0e C#%rt.

P$2COR v. Rillo1a,2?0;1n /!4t, 4#$$!n"s 2ers#ns ;0# r#%t1ne&* 0!n"&e

4#n/1"ent1!& $!tters t# )e 4#n/1"ent1!& e$2*ees. T0e* !re t0%s e@2e4te" t# )e

$#re 4!re/%& t0!n !n #r"1n!r* e$2*ee 1n t0e1r "!* t# "!* )%s1ness. T0e* !re

re2#se" s%40 tr%st !n" 4#n/1"en4e t0!t ! )re!40 #/ t0e1r "%t* ;#%&" $e!n )re!40

#/ tr%st. A& )!" 'o '" ()&" o# $%&'!(" R"4"&, '" 3")( o# %'4 )/o%'& 'o

3")( o# %3!( '%&' )& '" (o//!''"" 3"!"5"& ')' '" ") )& /o'!5)'"

34 &"#-!'""&'.

T0e /!4t t0!t J%st14e Re*es ;!s n#t /#r$!&&* 40!r'e" 1s #/ n# $#$ent. It 1s

sett&e" t0!t %" '" o('!" o# res ps" 'o$t$r, '" Co%' /)4 !/o&" !'&

)%'o!'4 %o "! 8%"& o&" )('%)'!o&, o '"! #)(", o% &o

o&& !(o/"'"(", !o)(" o# '" ) o /!&(o%('.2?1;

InPeople v. Valen1!ela,2?2;;0140 "e!&s ;1t0 t0e !"$1n1str!t13e !s2e4t #/ !

4!se )r#%'0t #n 4ert1#r!r1, t0e C#%rt "1s2ense" ;1t0 t0e 4#n"%4t #/ /%rt0er

0e!r1n's %n"er t0e 2r1n412&e #/res ipsa lo!i!r!n" 2r#4ee"e" t# 4#ns1"er 4r1t14!&

/!4t#rs 1n "e"%41n' $!&14e !n" )!" /!1t0 #n t0e 2!rt #/ t0e ?%"'e, !/ter 1t "1" n#t

!44e2t !t /!4e 3!&%e t0e ?%"'es $ere "en1!&. In t0!t 4!se, t0e ?%"'e #r"ere" t0e

ret%rn #/ t0e 2es# e%13!&ent #/ t0e /#re1'n 4%rren4* t# t0e !44%se" "es21te 1ts

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/#r/e1t%re !s "%t1!)&e '##"s !n" e3en !/ter t0e /1n"1n' t0!t t0e !44%se" 0!"

n#t01n' t# "# ;1t0 t0e $!1&1n' t0ere#/.

In Caha' Pacific $ir-a's, Ld. v. Romillo, Jr.,2?

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T0e C#%rt, 1n Office of he Co!r $dminisraor v. Pardo,2?@;/#%n" t0e

4&er8 #/ 4#%rt '%1&t* #/ 'r#ss "1s4#%rtes* 1n t0e 4#%rse #/ #//141!& "%t1es ;0en 0e

/!1&e" t# !44#r" res2e4t /#r t0e 2ers#n !n" r1'0ts #/ ! ?%"'e !s 4!n )e '&e!ne"

/r#$ ! $ere re!"1n' #/ 01s &etter t# t0e E@e4%t13e J%"'e.

In "' v. Monc!pa,2?9;t0e C#%rt /#%n" t0e e31"en4e !'!1nst t0e 4&er8 /#r

$!&3ers!t1#n #/ 2%)&14 /%n"s e%ent&* s2e!8s #/ 0er 4r1$1n!& $1s"ee" t# ?%st1/*

t0e !22&14!t1#n #/ t0e "#4tr1ne #/ res ipsa lo!i!r. T0e 4&er8 !"$1tte" t0e

s0#rt!'e 1n t0e 4#%rt /%n"s 1n 0er 4%st#"* !n" 2&e!"e" /#r t1$e t# 2!* t0e !$#%nt

s0e 0!" /!1&e" t# !44#%nt /#r.

In $!1nt!1n1n' !n e!r&1er Res#&%t1#n,270;t0e C#%rt, 1n#n re enceslao

La!rea,271;!&s# "e4&!re" t0!t n#t01n' $#re ;!s nee"e" t# )e s!1" #r 2r#3en !n" t0e

ne4ess1t* t# 4#n"%4t !n* /%rt0er e31"ent1!r* 0e!r1n' ;!s #)31!te". In t0!t 4!se, t0eC#%rt /#%n" t0!t t0e &etters !n" 40!r'es &e3e&e" !'!1nst t0e J%st14es ;ere, #/

t0e$se&3es !n" )* t0e$se&3es, $!&141#%s !n" 4#nte$2t%#%s, !n" %n"er$1ne" t0e

1n"e2en"en4e #/ t0e ?%"141!r*.

Me!n;01&e, 1nEmiliano Co!r &o-nho!ses (omeo-ners $ssociaion v.

*ioneda,272;1t ;!s 0e&" t0!t 1t ;!s re!s#n!)&e t# 4#n4&%"e t0!t %n"er t0e "#4tr1ne

#/ res ipsa lo!i!r, t0e res2#n"ent 4#$$1tte" !n 1n/r1n'e$ent #/ et014!&

st!n"!r"s )* 01s !4t #/ re4e131n' $#ne* !s !44e2t!n4e /ee /#r &e'!& ser314es 1n !

4!se !n" s%)se%ent&* /!1&1n' t# ren"er s%40 ser314e. T0e C#%rt /#%n" t0e

res2#n"ent &1!)&e /#r "1s*!&t* t# 01s 4&1ent !n" 1ne@4%s!)&e ne'&1'en4e 1n &e'!&

$!tters entr%ste" t# 01$.

T0e C#%rt, 1n*i1on, 4&!r1/1e" t0e "#4tr1ne of res ipsa lo!i!r, 317:

In t0ese res ipsa lo!i!r res#&%t1#ns, t0ere ;!s #n t0e /!4e #/ t0e

!ss!1&e" "e41s1#ns, !n 1ne@2&14!)&e 'r!3e err#r )ere/t #/ !n* re"ee$1n' /e!t%re, !

2!tent r!1&r#!"1n' #/ ! 4!se t# )r1n' !)#%t !n %n?%st "e41s1#n, #r ! $!n1/est&*

"e&1)er!te 1ntent t# ;re!8 !n 1n?%st14e !'!1nst ! 0!2&ess 2!rt*. T0e /!4ts

t0e$se&3es, 2re31#%s&* 2r#3en #r !"$1tte", ;ere #/ s%40 ! 40!r!4ter !s t# '13e

r1se t# !&'o !#""(" t0!t e31& 1ntent ;!s 2resent. S%40 1ntent, 1n s0#rt, ;!s

4&e!r&* "e"%41)&e /r#$ ;0!t ;!s !&re!"* #/ re4#r". T0e res ipsa lo!i!r "#4tr1ne

"#es n#t e@4e2t #r "1s2ense ;1t0 t0e ne4ess1t* #/ 2r#31n' t0e /!4ts #n ;0140 t0e

1n/eren4e #/ e31& 1ntent 1s )!se". It $ere&* e@2resses t0e 4&e!r&* s#%n" !n"

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re!s#n!)&e 4#n4&%s1#n t0!t ;0en s%40 /!4ts !re !"$1tte" #r !re !&re!"* s0#;n )*

t0e re4#r", !n" n# 4re"1)&e e@2&!n!t1#n t0!t ;#%&" ne'!t13e t0e str#n' 1n/eren4e

#/ e31& 1ntent 1s /#rt04#$1n', n# /%rt0er 0e!r1n' t# est!)&1s0 t0e$ t# s%22#rt !

?%"'$ent !s t# t0e 4%&2!)1&1t* #/ ! res2#n"ent 1s ne4ess!r*.27

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4#rners #/ t0e !ss!1&e" "e41s1#n #r res#&%t1#n n#r 4!n 1t '&e!ne" #n t0e /!4e #/ t0e

1ss%!n4e 1tse&/. In"ee", #ne nee" n#t ";e&& #n t0e s%)st!n4e #/ t0e "e41s1#n s1n4e

t0!t 1n 1tse&/ 1s 1n0erent&* 1ns%//141ent. In %ne!rt01n' t0e $1s"ee", 1t )e4#$es n#t

#n&* "es1r!)&e )%t !&s# ne4ess!r* t# tr!4e t0e !tten"!nt 41r4%$st!n4es, !22!rent

2!ttern !n" 4r1t14!& /!4t#rs s%rr#%n"1n' t0e ent1re s4en!r1#.

InMacalinal v. &eh,27?;t0e C#%rt 2r#n#%n4e":

0en t0e 1ne//141en4* s2r1n's /r#$ ! /!1&%re t# 4#ns1"er s# )!s14 !n"

e&e$ent!& ! r%&e, ! &!; #r ! 2r1n412&e 1n t0e "1s40!r'e #/ 01s "%t1es, ! ?%"'e 1s

e1t0er t## 1n4#$2etent !n" %n"eser31n' #/ t0e 2#s1t1#n !n" t1t&e 0e 0#&"s #r 0e 1s

t## 3141#%s t0!t t0e #3ers1'0t #r #$1ss1#n ;!s "e&1)er!te&* "#ne 1n )!" /!1t0 !n"

1n 'r!3e !)%se #/ ?%"141!& !%t0#r1t*. In )#t0 1nst!n4es, t0e ?%"'eKs "1s$1ss!& 1s 1n

#r"er. A/ter !&&, /!1t0 1n t0e !"$1n1str!t1#n #/ ?%st14e e@1sts #n&* 1/ e3er* 2!rt*-

&1t1'!nt 1s !ss%re" t0!t #44%2!nts #/ t0e )en40 4!nn#t ?%st&* )e !44%se" #/

"e/141en4* 1n t0e1r 'r!s2 #/ &e'!& 2r1n412&es.277;=Un"ers4#r1n' s%22&1e".>

T0e s!$e n#r$ e%!&&* !22&1es 1n t0e )re!40 #/ t0e )!s14 !n" essent1!& r%&e

#/ 4#n/1"ent1!&1t* t0!t, !s "es4r1)e" 1n #ne 4!se, !F&& 4#n4&%s1#ns !n" ?%"'$ents

#/ t0e C#%rt, )e t0e* en %anc#r )* 131s1#n, !re !rr13e" !t #n&* !/ter "e&1)er!t1#n

!n" 4F#%rt 2ers#nne& !re n#t 1n ! 2#s1t1#n t# 8n#; t0e 3#t1n' 1n !n* 4!se )e4!%se

!&& "e&1)er!t1#ns !re 0e&" )e01n" 4se" "##rs ;1t0#%t !n* #ne #/ t0e$ )e1n'

2resent.27@;

As*i1on"e4&!re", t0e "#4tr1ne #/ res ipsa lo!i!r"#es n#t "1s2ense ;1t0

t0e ne4ess1t* #/ 2r#31n' t0e /!4ts #n ;0140 t0e 1n/eren4e #/ e31& 1ntent 1s )!se". It

$ere&* e@2resses t0!t!)sent ! 4re"1)&e e@2&!n!t1#n, 1t 1s 4&e!r&* s#%n" !n"

re!s#n!)&e t# 4#n4&%"e ! str#n' 1n/eren4e #/ e31& 1ntent #n t0e )!s1s #/ /!4ts "%&*

!"$1tte" #r s0#;n )* t0e re4#r". In /1ne, ?%r1s2r%"en4e !&s t0e re4e2t1#n #/

41r4%$st!nt1!& e31"en4e t# 2r#3e n#t #n&* 'r#ss ne'&1'en4e )%t !&s# ser1#%s

$1s4#n"%4t.

*$st)e Re-es s Le9se L"+'e #or Vo'"tn! hs L"9-ers O"th "n& the

Co&e o# Pro#esson"' Respons+'t-

(#r &e!81n' ! 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "#4%$ent #/ t0e En B!n4, t0e

4#$$1ttee &18e;1se /1n"s J%st14e Re*es !"$1n1str!t13e&* &1!)&e /#r GROSS

MISCONDUCT /#r 31#&!t1n' 01s &!;*ers #!t0 !n" t0e C#"e #/ Pr#/ess1#n!&

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Res2#ns1)1&1t*, /#r ;0140 0e $!* )e "1s)!rre" #r s%s2en"e" 2er Se4t1#n +9,279;R%&e 56 #/ t0e R%&es #/ C#%rt. C!n#n 5 #/ t0e C#"e #/ Pr#/ess1#n!&

Res2#ns1)1&1t* re%1res ! &!;*er t# %20#&" t0e C#nst1t%t1#n, #)e* t0e &!;s #/ t0e

&!n" !n" 2r#$#te res2e4t /#r &!; !n" &e'!& 2r#4esses. It 1s &18e;1se 2r#31"e" 1n

R%&e 5.5 !n" 5.+ #/ t0e s!1" 4!n#n t0!t ! &!;*er s0!&& n#t en'!'e 1n %n&!;/%&,

"1s0#nest, 1$$#r!& #r "e4e1t/%& 4#n"%4t !n" t0!t ! &!;*er s0!&& n#t 4#%nse& #r !)et

!4t131t1es !1$e" !t "e/1!n4e #/ t0e &!; #r !t &essen1n' 4#n/1"en4e 1n t0e &e'!&

s*ste$. Here, t0e !4t #/ J%st14e Re*es n#t #n&* 31#&!te" t0e Ne; C#"e #/ J%"141!&

C#n"%4t /#r t0e P01&1221ne J%"141!r*, t0e C#"e #/ J%"141!& C#n"%4t !n" t0e

C!n#ns #/ J%"141!& Et014s, 1t !&s# 1n/r1n'e" #n t0e 1ntern!& "e&1)er!t1#ns #/ t0e

C#%rt !n" 1$2e"e" !n" "e'r!"e" t0e !"$1n1str!t1#n #/ ?%st14e. T0e !4t 1s ren"ere"

!&& t0e $#re 2ern141#%s 4#ns1"er1n' t0!t 1t ;!s 4#$$1tte" )* n# &ess t0!n ! ?%st14e

#/ t0e S%2re$e C#%rt ;0# ;!s s%22#se" t# ser3e !s e@!$2&e t# t0e )en40 !n")!r.

T0!t J%st14e Re*es ;!s !n 1$2e!40!)&e #//14er ;0en t0e 1n3est1'!t1#n

st!rte" 1s #/ n# $#$ent. T0e r%&e 2r#01)1t1n' t0e 1nst1t%t1#n #/ "1s)!r$ent

2r#4ee"1n's !'!1nst !n 1$2e!40!)&e #//14er ;0# 1s re%1re" )* t0e C#nst1t%t1#n t#

)e ! $e$)er #/ t0e )!r !s ! %!&1/14!t1#n 1n #//14e !22&1es #n&* "%r1n' 01s #r 0er

ten%re !n" "#es n#t 4re!te 1$$%n1t* /r#$ &1!)1&1t* /#r 2#ss1)&* 4r1$1n!& !4ts #r

/#r !&&e'e" 31#&!t1#ns #/ t0e C#"e #/ J%"141!& C#n"%4t #r #t0er s%22#se"

31#&!t1#ns.2@0;

On4e t0e s!1" 1$2e!40!)&e #//14er 1s n# n'er 1n #//14e )e4!%se #/01s re$#3!&, res1'n!t1#n, ret1re$ent #r 2er$!nent "1s!)1&1t*, t0e C#%rt $!*

2r#4ee" !'!1nst 01$ #r 0er !n" 1$2#se t0e 4#rres2#n"1n' s!n4t1#ns /#r

$1s4#n"%4t 4#$$1tte" "%r1n' 01s ten%re, 2%rs%!nt t# t0e C#%rts 2#;er #/

!"$1n1str!t13e s%2er31s1#n #3er $e$)ers #/ t0e )!r. Po5!" ')' '"

"%!"/"'& o# %" o("&& )" /"', t0e C#%rt $!* 2en!&17e ret1re" $e$)ers

#/ t0e J%"141!r* /#r $1s4#n"%4t 4#$$1tte" "%r1n' t0e1r 1n4%$)en4*. T0%s,

1n Caada v. "!ere,2@1; t01s C#%rt #r"ere" t0e "1s)!r$ent #/ ! ret1re" ?%"'e /#r

$1s4#n"%4t 4#$$1tte" "%r1n' 01s 1n4%$)en4* !s ! ?%"'e.

H#;e3er, 2ern141#%s !s J%st14e Re*ess 1n/r!4t1#ns $!* 0!3e )een, t0e

4#$$1ttee /1n"s t0e 1$2#s1t1#n #/ t0e s%2re$e 2en!&t* #/ "1s)!r$ent

%n;!rr!nte". In t0e "eter$1n!t1#n #/ t0e 1$2#s!)&e "1s412&1n!r* s!n4t1#n !'!1nst

!n err1n' &!;*er, t0e C#%rt t!8es 1nt# !44#%nt t0e 2r1$!r* 2%r2#se #/ "1s412&1n!r*

2r#4ee"1n's, ;0140 1s t# 2r#te4t t0e !"$1n1str!t1#n #/ ?%st14e )* re%1r1n' t0!t

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t0#se ;0# e@er41se t01s 1$2#rt!nt /%n4t1#n s0!&& )e 4#$2etent, 0#n#r!)&e, !n"

re&1!)&e $en 1n ;0#$ 4#%rts !n" 4&1ents $!* re2#se 4#n/1"en4e. 01&e t0e

!ssess$ent #/ ;0!t s!n4t1#n $!* )e 1$2#se" 1s 2r1$!r1&* !""resse" t# t0e C#%rts

s#%n" "1s4ret1#n, t0e s!n4t1#n s0#%&" ne1t0er )e !r)1tr!r* #r "es2#t14, n#r

$#t13!te" )* 2ers#n!& !n1$#s1t* #r 2re?%"14e. R!t0er, 1t s0#%&" e3er )e 4#ntr#&&e"

)* t0e 1$2er!t13e nee" t# s4r%2%%s&* '%!r" t0e 2%r1t* !n" 1n"e2en"en4e #/ t0e

)!r. T0%s, t0e s%2re$e 2en!&t* #/ "1s)!r$ent 1s $ete" #%t #n&* 1n 4&e!r 4!ses #/

$1s4#n"%4t t0!t ser1#%s&* !//e4t t0e st!n"1n' !n" 40!r!4ter #/ t0e &!;*er !s !n

#//14er #/ t0e 4#%rt !n" $e$)er #/ t0e )!r. Un"er t0e 41r4%$st!n4es #/ t01s 4!se,

t0e 4#$$1ttee /1n"s t0e 2en!&t* #/ 1n"e/1n1te s%s2ens1#n /r#$ t0e 2r!4t14e #/ &!;

s%//141ent !n" 2r#2er.

L"+'t- o# Att-. Rosen&o B. Ev"n!e'st"

T0e C#$$1ttee /1n"s t0!t Att*. E3!n'e&1st!, J%st14e Re*es J%"141!& St!//

He!", ;!s re$1ss 1n 01s "%t1es, ;0140 1n4&%"es t0e s%2er31s1#n #/ t0e #2er!t1#ns

#/ t0e #//14e, 2!rt14%&!r&* ;1t0 res2e4t t# t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n #/ "e41s1#ns. 01&e 1t 1s

1n4%$)ent %2#n 01$ t# "e31se ;!*s !n" $e!ns t# se4%re t0e 1nte'r1t* #/

4#n/1"ent1!& "#4%$ents, 01s !4t%!t1#ns re/&e4te" !)#3e e31n4e" ! "1sre'!r" #/ !

"%t* res%&t1n' /r#$ 4!re&essness #r 1n"1//eren4e.2@2;

Att*. E3!n'e&1st! ;!s !"$1tte"&* %n$1n"/%& #/ t0e res2#ns1)&es!/e8ee21n' #/ "r!/tponencias1n !n %n0e" "r!;er #/ ! $e$)er #/ t0e st!//. He

/!1&e" t# $!8e s%re t0!t t0e %n%se" 2#rt1#n #/ 4#n/1"ent1!& "#4%$ents &18e t0e

se4#n" s1'n!t#r* 2!'e #/ t0eponencia 1n G1&)ert /#r$ 0!" )een 2r#2er&* "1s2#se"

#/ #r s0re""e". He ;!s n#t #n t#2 #/ t01n's t0!t 4#n4erne" t0e 2r#$%&'!t1#n

#/ponencias, /#r 0e /!1&e" t# !s4ert!1n t0e st!t%s !n" 2r#4e"%r!& 1$2&14!t1#n #/ !n

#n 0#&" #r"er !/ter 0!31n' )een !22r1se" t0ere#/ )* 01s s%)#r"1n!te, e& R#s!r1#,

#n J%&* 59, +6. es21te 01s !;!reness t0!t t0eLimkaichong 4!se ;#%&"

e3ent%!&&* )e 4!&&e" !'!1n, 0e !"$1tte" t0!t 0e ;!s n#t 2r13* t# t0e 2re2!r!t1#n #/

t0e 4#2* #/ t0eponencia/#r t0e s%)se%ent sess1#n #n J%&* +, +6.

1t0 t0ese /1n"1n's, t0e C#%rt /1n"s 01$ !)3" #o SIMPLE NEGLECT

OF DUTY.

L"+'t- o# Ar("n&o De' Ros"ro

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T0e 4#$$1ttee &18e;1se /1n"s e& R#s!r1# !"$1n1str!t13e&* &1!)&e /#r

/!1&1n' t# e@er41se t0e re%1re" "e'ree #/ 4!re 1n t0e 4%st#"* #/ t0e G1&)ert

4#2*. e& R#s!r1# !"$1tte"&* 8e2t t0e G1&)ert 4#2* 1n !n %n0e" "r!;er

/r#$ J%&* 5, +6 t# e4e$)er 5, +6 ;0en 0e s0#%&" 0!3e 8n#;n t0!t, )*

t0e n!t%re #/ t0e "#4%$ent 1n 01s 4%st#"*, 0e s0#%&" 0!3e 8e2t 1t $#re se4%re&*.

H1s 4!re&essness ren"ers 01$ !"$1n1str!t13e&* !)3" #o SIMPLE NEGLECT

OF DUTY, "e/1ne" !s t0e /!1&%re t# '13e 2r#2er !ttent1#n t# ! t!s8 e@2e4te" #/ !n

e$2*ee res%&t1n' /r#$ e1t0er 4!re&essness #r 1n"1//eren4e.2@ J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es =Ret.> !&s# )e /#%n" &1!)&e /#r GRA+E

MISCONDUCT/#r &e!81n' ! 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "#4%$ent #/ t0e C#%rt !n" )e

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(INE 1n t0e !$#%nt #/ P J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es =Ret.> 1s 0e&" &1!)&e /#r GRA+E

MISCONDUCT /#r &e!81n' ! 4#n/1"ent1!& 1ntern!& "#4%$ent #/ t0e C#%rt !n" 0e

1s FINED P>00,000.00,t# )e 40!r'e" !'!1nst 01s ret1re$ent )ene/1ts, !n"

"1s%!&1/1e" t# 0#&" !n* #//14e #r e$2*$ent 1n !n* )r!n40 #r 1nstr%$ent!&1t* #/

t0e '#3ern$ent 1n4&%"1n' '#3ern$ent-#;ne" #r 4#ntr#&&e" 4#r2#r!t1#nsD

/%rt0er$#re, J%st14e R%)en T. Re*es 1s "1re4te" t# SHO CAUSE ;1t01n ten =5>

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"!*s /r#$ re4e12t #/ ! 4#2* #/ t01s e41s1#n ;0* 0e s0#%&" n#t )e "1s412&1ne" !s !

$e$)er #/ t0e B!r 1n &1'0t #/ t0e !/#re$ent1#ne" /1n"1n's.

=+> Att*. R#sen"# B. E3!n'e&1st! !n" Ar$!n"# e& R#s!r1# !re 0e&" &1!)&e

/#r SIMPLE NEGLECT OF DUTY!n" !re #r"ere" t# 2!* t0e FINE1n t0e

!$#%nt #/ P10,000.00!n" P>,000.00, res2e4t13e&*.

T01s e41s1#n s0!&& t!8e e//e4t 1$$e"1!te&*.

SO ORDERED.

REYNATO S. PUNO

C01e/ J%st14e

LEONARDO A. UISUMBINGAss#41!te J%st14e

O o##!(!) ")5"

CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGOAss#41!te J%st14e

ANTONIO T. CARPIO

Ass#41!te J%st14e

MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINE*

Ass#41!te J%st14e

RENATO C. CORONA

Ass#41!te J%st14e

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

Ass#41!te J%st14e

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O o##!(!) ")5"

DANTE O. TINGA

Ass#41!te J%st14e

MINITA +. CHICO-NA*ARIO

Ass#41!te J%st14e

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PRESBITERO $. +ELASCO, $R.

Ass#41!te J%st14e

ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA

Ass#41!te J%st14e

TERESITA $. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO

Ass#41!te J%st14e

ARTURO D. BRION

Ass#41!te J%st14e

DIOSDADO M. PERALTA

Ass#41!te J%st14e

On #//141!& &e!3e.

5FTSN, e4e$)er 5

7/25/2019 Biraogo vs Nograles

53/58

+FTSN, J!n%!r* +, +, 22. +6-.

+5FTSN, J!n%!r* +, +, 22. -+, 6.

++FTSN, J!n%!r* +, +, 22. 5-+. .

+FTSN, J!n%!r* +, +, 22. , 6, 9-6, 9.+FTSN, J!n%!r* +, +, 22. , 6, -.

+

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9FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 2. +.

99FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 22.

7/25/2019 Biraogo vs Nograles

55/58

5+FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 2. +.

5FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 22. +-+.

55FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 22. +-+.

5+FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 2. +.5FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 22. +-, 9, .

5FTSN, J!n%!r* 5, + PM Sess1#n, 22. -

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56.

5+FSee P!r!'r!20 55 =N#tesO)ser3!t1#ns>.5FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 22. 559-556.

5FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 22. 556-55.

5

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+FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 22. +55-+5+.

+5FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 2. ++.

++FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 2. ++.

+FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 2. ++.+FTSN, J!n%!r* ++, +, 22. ++

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+99FI". !t 5.

+96F#n re5 enceslao La!rea, s%2r! n#te +6, !t