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Seminar Cide-Socran05/06/2012
BUSINESS CASE: BUILDING INTEGRATED OPV
Marc DIJK (ICIS)Ellen DE SCHEPPER (UHasselt)Sebastien LIZIN (UHasselt)Julie LEROY (Tweed)Catherine DELVENNE (Cide-Socran)Quentin BENFANTE (Cide-Socran)Raphaël DARIMONT (Cide-Socran)
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Introduction and methodology
1. Objective: To contribute to Organext Valorisation WP
2. Inputs: Common OPV technology advantages
3. Methodology:
A. Desk research: Purpose: collect information about the current market and trends;
Methodology: free and commercial DB (DialogPro, Profound, etc.).
B. Qualitative interviews: Purpose: collect information about Current market; Needs; Existing
products; Competitions; Regulations;
Methodology: 15 face-to-face interviews Architects and engineering offices (10)
PV vendors and integrators (5)
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Table of contents
1. TECHNOLOGY
2. MARKET
3. INDUSTRY
4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
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1. TECHNOLOGY
PV overview OPV characteristics OPV & Organext
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1. Technology: PV overview
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1. Technology: OPV characteristics
Acceptor examples
PCBM PTCDI
Donor examples
Pentacene
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1. Technology: OPV characteristics
Flexibility
Low weight
Colour tunability
Low cost
Diffuse light
Semi-transparent
Konarka
Heliatek
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1. Technology: OPV and the Organext Project
WP Objectives Last results
1. New Nanomaterials
• N-type semiconductor: New fullerene derivatives Small molecules with acceptor groups• Nanostructured polymers • Highly absorbent conjugated polymers
• Synthesis and characterization of copolymers and cross-linkable copolymers
Better control of the morphology
2. Deposition techniques
• Polymers Spin-coating and printing Deposition of copolymers nanofibers by
electrospinning• Small molecules Organic phase vapor deposition (OPVD) Vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)• Hybrid systems VTE applied on nanoparticules Interface optimization
• Evaporation of different DPP monomers with thiophene units
Effect of the compound structure on the film structure and the device efficiency
• Spray Coating (can be used for industrial process)
As good as spin coating• High transmission coating• Hybrid system pentacene/ GaN (gas
phase deposition)• Study of the degradation mechanism
3. Super Lab List of techniques available in the different partners group
This list is available on the website www.organext.org
4. Demonstrators Integration of organic solar cells in double glass Lifetime study
Set up of the climate chamber
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1. Technology: technological positioning
Organext Partners (≈7%)
Efficiency
Lifetime: today, 3 to 5 years
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2. MARKET PV history Installed power & applications BIPV market evolution BIPV interview results
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2. Market: PV history (Europe)
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2. Market: installed power & applications
1. Volume (grid connected): Europe (2011, source EPIA):
Independent engineering office: multi-energy/complex projects or public markets
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
Main current PV selection criteria: Financial: T.C.O.O. (Total Cost Of Ownership: investment and
maintenance), efficiency, revenues, lifetime ROI
Technical agreements and labels.
Note: Materials used in construction must respect norms (ex: fire protection, etc.)
Other criteria (for people concerned with environment and image): Aesthetics and discretion;
Note: when discretion is a must, PV panels can be hidden.
Environmental impact;
Toxicity of components;
Recycling.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
Trends in building sector
Zero energy buildings; Windows surfaces optimization;
Note: windows = 35% of facades surface, with a lower insulation performance than walls.
Facades renovations for old buildings;
Development of “multi-functional” solutions: electricity production
associated with walls, insulation, hermetic roofs, complex
techniques, etc.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
Windows : If OPV becomes almost fully transparent.
Decrease natural light to produce electricity (used for artificial lighting)
Note: 60% of the electricity consumption during the day is dedicated to lighting.
If used as substitute to opaque glass.
Roofs : If new urbanism rules (ex: listed buildings)
Because lot of substitutes solutions
More probably: Curtain walls and canopies;
Interior walls (i.e.: in sun lounge);
Facade renovation or construction
First customers = public and large buildings
Advantages: Vertical performances of OPV Give originality to the wall and
contribute to building/company identity Curtain walls are ready to cable
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
Barriers: Current weak performances and prices of OPV
Urbanism restrictions > first applications may concern commercial zonings
Fear of deterioration (tags...)
Competition: Colours are already available
Thin films BIPV are improving
...
Lack of budgets for the total project
Reduction of PV subsidies
Lack of regulation to constraint PV installation
Today energy prices are relatively low if we consider environmental externalities.
...
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2. Market: sizing the market
Window Wall RoofTotal 4.260 Mio m² (2008)Steel World = 432 Mio m² (2008)
EU = 93 Mio m²World = 1.000 Mio m² (2008)
Glass World = 6.400 Mio m²New construction: 2.400 Mio m²Renewal: 2.400 Mio m²Others (excl interior) : 1.600 Mio m² (inc. Solar PV)
Glass PV (100% front/ 50% back ) 10 à 12 Mio m² (2009)(mainly roof)
Building surface area potentially available = 3.700 Mio m² or 463 GWc(Source, EPIA 2009)
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3. INDUSTRY
BIPV products & suppliers BIPV value chain Global BIPV supply
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
BIPV products-solar cell type matrix
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Roof
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Façade
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Windows
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Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
2008: Konarka has introduced the Power Plastics to the commercial Market. 2012 : Konarka Technologies Advances Award Winning Power Plastic Solar Cell Efficiency with 9% Certification
March 2012: Heliatek GmbH inaugurated its first production facility for the manufacture of flexible organic solar panels in Dresden
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BIPV value chain
(O)PV solar cell manufacturer
BIPV module manufacturerBOS manufacturer
Architect
End consumer
Engineering office
Contractor
Subcontractor
Polic
y
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
External environment - Current situation:
Crisis in PV sector • Financial crisis
• Decreasing solar subsidies
• Dumping prices Chinese competitors
Focus on BAPV/ground-mounted PV, rather than on (more expensive) BIPV
• BIPV <5% of global installed PV power
• Mostly in countries with BIPV support mechanisms
Source BIPV: An overview of the existing products and their fields of application
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
Facade prices
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
Forecast (Europe):
Stabilization PV market (2013-2014)
Legislation regarding energy requirements of (new) buildings
Focus on custom-made high-end applications to compete with Chinese competitors
Source: Solar&Energy, BIPV Technology and Market Forecast 2009-2015
1. Characterisation of project deliverable (functionalities)
Deliverable in terms of use and value creation
High Level of knowledge and expertise
2. Identification of applications and segments
To be done
3. Characterisation of market segments
•State of the art in scientific and technical matters + IP•Characteristics of market•Determinants of demand•Characteristics of industry•Competition / substitutes