i Typesetting Training for Professionals Biotics Educatio n BIOTICS .IN 8th July, 2010 This book is dedicated to P. Verma who inspired me for teaching and writing study materials, who provides me with continuous support and caring. I would like to give my special thanks to "Pankaj Sir and Lalit Sir" . Without their notes this book can not be written. So actually they are author of the book, I am just a compositor here. Thanks Lalit Sir. Dear Reader, Greetings! We never take birth with knowledge. There are lots of people surrounding who provide this. But as time passes, we become very professional or mean. We start hiding our knowledge, tools and other beneficial thoughts from others. Different people have different reasons for this. Some say that if we share our knowledge then other will beat us in professional life. Some says why should I share my knowledge for free, I have collected it with very hard work. But At that time we forget that there were lots of Friends, Seniors, Companies and other People who gave this knowledge or helped us. OK!!! They are right that we will not get money by sharing this knowledge free but then!!.... Is there no responsibility for society? Is there no cost of “Thanks” from true hearts? What did you say??? YES??? Ofcourse, it must be YES. So we just want to welcome those Professionals, Students, Trainers and others people, who feel pleasure by sharing their knowledge and feel proud that they have done something nice for this society. So in this process, we feel glad to present the “communication training - a self study handbook”. This Handbook explains the basic knowledge for writing and speaking. We have written and designed it in such way so that all hindi speaking person can understand it easily. Question, Suggestion and Feedback are welcomed. Thanks for your valuable time. Kind Regards, Deepak Aggarwal 9899123045 Typesetting Training for Professionals Biotics E d u c a t io n BIOTICS .IN
39
Embed
BIOTICS - Typesetting Indiatypesettingindia.com/...Biotics.pdf · BIOTICS.IN 8th July, 2010 This book is dedicated to P. Verma who inspired me for teaching and writing ... Modals
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
iTypesetting Training for Professionals
BioticsEducation
BIOTICS.IN
8th July, 2010
This book is dedicated to P. Verma who inspired me for teaching and writing study materials, who provides me with continuous support and caring.
I would like to give my special thanks to "Pankaj Sir and Lalit Sir" . Without their notes this book can not be written. So actually they are author of the book, I am just a compositor here. Thanks Lalit Sir.
Dear Reader,
Greetings!
We never take birth with knowledge. There are lots of people surrounding who provide this. But as time passes, we become very professional or mean. We start hiding our knowledge, tools and other beneficial thoughts from others. Different people have different reasons for this. Some say that if we share our knowledge then other will beat us in professional life. Some says why should I share my knowledge for free, I have collected it with very hard work.
But At that time we forget that there were lots of Friends, Seniors, Companies and other People who gave this knowledge or helped us. OK!!! They are right that we will not get money by sharing this knowledge free but then!!....Is there no responsibility for society? Is there no cost of “Thanks” from true hearts?
What did you say??? YES???
Ofcourse, it must be YES.
So we just want to welcome those Professionals, Students, Trainers and others people, who feel pleasure by sharing their knowledge and feel proud that they have done something nice for this society.
So in this process, we feel glad to present the “communication training - a self study handbook”.
This Handbook explains the basic knowledge for writing and speaking. We have written and designed it in such way so that all hindi speaking person can understand it easily.
Before going ahead, I would like to share my view...
We all know the importance of communication skill in our personal and professional life.
Although we all are able to speak this language Buuuuuutttttt...
It is only our hesitation which make stop us in talking in English. We do very less efforts to remove this Hesitation and to improve our english communication skill.
Whenever we start speaking English other people start saying i.e.
Oye hero... angrej mat ban.
Abe 2 din ka showk hai fir wahi aa jayega.
Kauaa chala hans ki chaal....ha ha ha
and those people start laughing almost all the time on you.
There is a saying is written for those people "hum to doobenge sanam tumhein bhi le doobenge"
Unko khud to kosis karni nahi hoti or jo kosis karte hein use or dooba dete hein.
Therefore I would like to suggest you for creating a Communication Club for: • who don't care these type of comments and • who are really serious about to improve their communication skills
But before starting this club, ask the views of everybody because without everybody's participating that club could not be successed.
Remember: All member who join that club are supposed to talk in English as much as possible. However it is not mandatory to talk in English all the time.
Biotics - typesetting training for Professionals K-123, Street No.-11 Sombazar Road, Rajapuri Opp Dwarka Sec-4 New Delhi- 110059 Mobile: +91 9899123045 e-Mail: [email protected] www.biotics.in
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
Rahul ➢ is blind.
Remember: We can not change the place of main verb in any sentence. Only helping verb moves according the Tense.
I ➢ am talking to Raj.
Am ➢ I talking to Raj?
Here ‘am’ is helping verb get changed it’s place and just because of changing the placement of H.V., the meaning of tense get changed.
Adverb (add + verb)An adverb is a word which adds something to a verb, an adjective or another adverb in a sentence. For example:
He writes English ➢ fairly. (add in verb)
I speak English ➢ very fluently. (add in adverb)
Adjective (add + noun/pronoun)An adjective is a word which show the quality of noun or pronoun either bad or good. For example:
Priya is a ➢ beautiful girl. She is very intelligent (add in noun/pronoun)
She is ➢ very intelligent. (add in adjective)
In this example ‘beautiful, shy and intelligent’ words adding something or showing the quality of noun or pronoun. They are Adjectives.
Preposition (pre + position)A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show it’s relation with another noun/pronoun with other noun/pronoun in the sentence.
She is sitting ➢ on the floor.
I killed the snake ➢ with a stick.
They went ➢ to Ambala.
conjunction (tksM+uk)A conjunction is a word which is used to join two words or sentences. For example:
Preet ➢ and Pinky are friends.
She came ➢ but didn’t talk to me.
Do ➢ or die.
He had to do stay back in office ➢ as some urgent work had arrived
I can not come to office ➢ beacause I have to go to my marriage
interjectionAn Interjection is a work which express some sudden feelings or emotions. For example:
Oh! My God. ➢
Alas! We could win. ➢
Hurrah! We win ➢
Thus now we have understood the category of every word in a sentence.
Rules is/am/are + V1 (ing) was/were + V1 (ing) will be + V1 (ing)
Perf
ect
igpku v/kwjs okD; $ gS
pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gSav/kwjs okD; $ Fkk
pqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] pqds Fksv/kwjs okD; $ gksxk
pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksaxs
Rules has/have + V3 had + V3 will have + V3
rk Fkk] rh Fkk] rs Fks ¼pkgrk Fkk@tkurk Fkk ½
Used to + V1
Tenses are just the play of Helping Verb. dsoy H. V. dks cnyus ls Tense cny tkrk gSA vkSj mudh position dks cnyus ls Tense Interrogative (?) esa cny tkrk gSA See below Example:
He ➢ is going to school.
Is ➢ he going to school?
She ➢ will be waiting for me.
Will ➢ she be waiting for me?
Helping Verbs
Present Tense: Do, Does, Is, Am, Are, Has, HavePast Tense: Did, Was, Were, HadFuture Tense: Will, Will be, Will Have
2 vjs ugha ;kj A oks eq>s ugha tkurkA ;?kfi eSa mldks tkurk gwWaA Oh! No my friend. He does not know me. Although I know him.
3 eSaus lkspk] rqe mldks tkurs gksA [kSj tkus nks I thought, you will be knowing him. Anyway leave it.
4 jk?kk eq>s tkurh gksxhA Radha will be knowing me.
5 vki D;k djrs gks \ Wht do you do?
6 vki dkSu lh Dykl esa i<rs gks \ In which class do you study.
7 eSa 10 oha Dykl esa i<rk gwaWA I study in Xth Class. OR I am in Xth Class.
8 eSa viuk dke [kRe dj pqdk gwaWA I have completed my work.
9 vc eSa dy vkmWxkA Now I will come tomorrow.
10 eSaus dy Hkh [kkuk [kk;k FkkA I had taken/eaten the food yesterday also.
11 D;k rqe lsc [kkrs gks \ Do you eat apple?
12 ughaA eSa lsc ugha [kkrk gWaA eq>s oks ilan ugha gSSA No, I don't eat apple, I don't like that.
13 D;k rqe esjs ?kj vk;s Fks \ Did you come at my home? OR Had you come at my home?
14 vc dc vkvksxs \ When will you come now?
15 oSls rqe D;k djrs gks \ By the way what do you do?
16 D;k rqe esjs lkFk [ksyksxs \ Will you play with me? OR Would you like to play with me
17 ugha! rqe csbZekuh djrs gksA No, you do the cheating.
18 D;k dgk\ eSa csbZekuh djrk gwWa \ What did you say? I do the cheating?
19 gk¡] eSa lp dg jgk gwWaA yeah, I am telling the truth.
20 rqeus eq>s csbZeku dgkA vc eSa rqEgkjs lkFk ugha [ksyqaxkA You called me cheater, now I will not play with you.
dgkuh%
dy eSa cktkj x;k Fkk ogk¡ eSaus ,d dqRrk ns[kkA og HkkSad jgk FkkA eq>s ugha irk og D;ksa HkkSad jgk FkkA exj og cgqr vPNk vkSj lqUnj yx jgk FkkA eSaaus lksPkk] dy eSa mls fQj ns[kqaxkA fQj eSa ?kj okil vk x;kA ikikth ?kj vk pqds FksA oks ugk jgs FksA eEeh [kkuk cuk jgh FkhA eEeh th us lwV iguk gqvk FkkA cM+k HkkbZ] jkt iyaax is cSBk FkkA vkt eSa vkWfQl ugha tkmaxk] D;ksafd ukukth ?kj vk, gq, gSaA oks gesa dgkuh lquk,axsA ukukth [kkuk Hkh idkuk tkurs gSaA ukuhth xk¡o esa jgrh gSaA oks ukukth dks cgwr fel dj jgha gksaxhA eSa ,d ckr vkSj vkils dguk pkgrk gw¡A esjk nksLr jfo] ,d yM+dh dks cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA og jkst mls xqykc fn;k djrk FkkA ij vc ml yM+dh dh 'kknh gks pqdh gSA ,d feuV] eSaus vkidks crkuk Hkwy x;kA vkt ukukth gesa nks iwNksa dh nks dgkuh lquk;saxsA
Story:
Yesterday, I had gone to the market, I saw a dog there. He was barking. I don't know why was he barking. But he was looking very good and beautiful. I thought, I will see him again tomorrow. then I came back to home. My Father had come to home. He was bathing. Mom was cooking. Mom was wearing the suit. Elder brother, Raj was sitting on the bed. Today I will not go to office beacuse my Grandpa had come. He will tell us a story. He also knows how to cook. Grandmother lives in Village. She will be missing grandfather very much. I want to tell you one more thing, my friend Ravi loved a girl very much. He used to give her a red rose daily. But now she has got married. One minute, I forgot to tell you that today Grandfather will tell us two stories of two tails.
Once upon a time, I visited/went to America. I had only INR 2000 with some eatable things. I did not want to go there but I had to go. I didn't have sufficient money too. I stayed there for two days and then came back.
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
Translate into English:
D;k rqe vaxsth ugha cksy ik jgs gks\ Are you not getting to speak english?
eSa lcdqN lh[k pqdk gq¡ ijUrq Passive Sentence lh[kuk jg x;k gSA I have learnt everything but I am yet to learn passive sen-tences.
vkils mEehn ugha Fkh fd vki ;s xyrh djksxs You were not supposed to do this mistake.
EkkQ dhft, eSa vkidh ckr le> ugha ik jgk gw¡A D;k vki FkksM+k rst cksyasxs\
I am sorry, I am not getting to understand you. will/Could you please speak little bit loud.
esjk pk; ihus dk fny fd;k D;ksafd eq>s lnhZ yx jgh FkhA I was feeling cold thatswhy I was willing to take tea.
dgkuh%
D;k rqe tkurs gks nksLrks] dy iadt dh 'kknh Fkh\ mlus eq>s Hkh cqyk;k FkkA eSa ogk¡ tYnh tkuk pkgrk Fkk] ij tk ugha ldkA eSa ogka FkksMk ysV igqapkA lc igq¡p pqds Fks cl esjk vkSj fou; dk gh vkuk ckdh FkkA fou; Hkh vkus okyk FkkA iadt esjk bartkj dj jgk FkkA mlus dgk fd rq>ls ysV vkus dh mEehn ugha Fkh] rq>s ekjus dks eu dj jgk gSA eSaus dgk le>k dj ;kj] eSa le> ugha ik jgk Fkk fd eq>s D;k fx¶V [kjhnuk pkfg,A blhfy, eSa FkksM+k ysV gks x;kA
Story:Do you know friends, yesterday it was marriage of Pankaj. He had invited me too. I was willing to go there but could not go. I reached little bit late there. Everybody have reached, only me and Vinay were about to reach. Vinay was about to come. Pan-kaj was waiting for me. He told that you were not supposed to come late. I repliled, try to understand dear, I was not getting to identify that which gift I have to buy thatswhy I got late little bit.
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
Had BetterWe use “had better” plus the infinitive without “to” to give advice. Although “had” is the past form of “have”, we use “had better” to give advice about the present or future.
You'd better tell her everything. ➢
I had better get back to work. ➢
We had better meet early. ➢
The negative form is “had better not”.
You'd better not say anything. ➢
I had better not come. ➢
We had better not miss the start of his presentation. ➢
We use “had better” to give advice about specific situations, not general ones. If you want to talk about general situations, you must use “should”.
You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. ➢
I shouldn't listen to negative people. ➢
He should dress more appropriately for the office. ➢
When we give advice about specific situations, it is also possible to use “should”.
You shouldn't say anything. ➢
I should get back to work. ➢
We should meet early. ➢
However, when we use “had better” there is a suggestion that if the advice is not followed, that something bad will happen.
You'd better do what I say or else you will get into trouble. ➢
I'd better get back to work or my boss will be angry with me. ➢
We'd better get to the airport by five or else we may miss the flight. ➢
Going to Goint to is used for future. "Goint to" is used most often in spoken English.
We use 'going to' when we want to talk about a plan for the future.
I'm going to see him later today. ➢
They are going to launch it next month. ➢
We are going to have lunch first. ➢
She is going to see what she can do. ➢
I am not going to talk for very long. ➢
Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.
When I retire I'm going to go back to Barbados to live. ➢
In ten years time, I'm going to be boss of my own successful company. ➢
We use 'going to' when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see now.
Look out! That cup is going to fall off. ➢
Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon. ➢
These figures are really bad. We're going to make a loss. ➢
You look very tired. You're going to need to stop soon. ➢
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
2 hour 10 Passive Voice Sentence
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, that who is performing the action"
When to Use the Passiveto change the focus of a sentence.
Active = "The doctor gave me a prescription"
Passive: I was given a prescription" ➢
In the first sentence, the focus is on 'the doctor'. In the second sentence, the focus is on 'I'.
if we don't know who does an action.
My bicycle has been stolen. ➢
I don't know who has stolen it.
if we don't want to say who did something.
The lights were left on all night." ➢
I don't want to say that you left the lights on. Although we know who did it but we don't want to take his name out.
if it is obvious who does something.
I was given a prescription. ➢
He was arrested. ➢
We know that only doctors give prescriptions, so we don't need to add "by the doctor". and only the police arrest people, so we don't need to add "by the police".
So "Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, that who is performing the action".
These sentences are used in Newspaper very much. Because in maximum crime it is not identified that who has done that crime. See below examples:
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
Now see below wxamples of Passive Level:
tense subject Verb objectPresent Indefinite Active: Preeti writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Preeti.Past Indefinite Active: Preeti wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Preeti.Future Indefinite Active: Preeti will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Preeti.
Present Continuous Active: Preeti is writing a letter.Passive: A letter is being written by Preeti.
Past Continuous Active: Preeti was writing a letter.Passive: A letter was being written by Preeti.
Future Continuous Active: Preeti will be writing a letter.Passive: A letter will being written by Preeti.
Present Perfect Active: Preeti has written a letter.Passive: A letter has been written by Preeti.
Past Perfect Active: Preeti had written a letter.Passive: A letter had been written by Preeti.
Future Perfect Active: Preeti will have written a letter.Passive: A letter will have been written by Preeti.
Modals Active: Preeti can write a letter.Passive: A letter can be written by Preeti.
Conditional Sentence I Active: Preeti would write a letter.Passive: A letter would be written by Preeti.
Conditional II Active: Preeti would have written a letter.Passive: A letter would have been written by Preeti.
Examples of Passive Level: upper intermediate
Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
subject Verb object 1 object 2Active: Preeti wrote a letter to me.Passive: A letter was written to me by Preeti.Passive: I was written a letter by Preeti.
BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045
see these Examples too
They build houses. – Houses are built. ➢
he says – it is said (by him) :- by him either could be hidden or visible) ➢
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men (by them). ➢
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men. ➢
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with ‘to’ (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).