Bioterrorism Bioterrorism & & Biological War Biological War Prof. A K Mudgal Prof. A K Mudgal Govt College Aron M.P Govt College Aron M.P INDIA INDIA
Dec 16, 2015
BioterrorismBioterrorism& &
Biological War Biological War
Prof. A K MudgalProf. A K MudgalGovt College Aron M.PGovt College Aron M.P
INDIAINDIA
GENES DONOT MAKE YOU BAD,THEY MAKE PROTEINS
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What is BioterrorismWhat is Bioterrorism
BWBW
Biological warfare (BW) is the use of Biological warfare (BW) is the use of organisms that cause disease to harm or kill organisms that cause disease to harm or kill an adversary’s military forces, population, an adversary’s military forces, population, food or livestock.food or livestock. Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major
example of biological weapons.example of biological weapons. Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An
example is botulinum. example is botulinum. Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for
pound, than chemical agents. It has been pound, than chemical agents. It has been estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill as many people as a ton of the nerve agent as many people as a ton of the nerve agent Sarin.Sarin.
Biological WARBiological WAR
Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and other biological agents for mass other biological agents for mass destructiondestruction
Clandestine operationClandestine operation BioterrorismBioterrorism
BioterrorismBioterrorism
1993 - Japan - 1993 - Japan - AumAum ShinrikyoShinrikyo anthrax anthrax release in Kameido release in Kameido
2001 USA Anthrax2001 USA Anthrax
1972 1972 Biological Weapons ConventionBiological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed by over 100 countries (BWC), signed by over 100 countries
Biological weapons are so lethal that Biological weapons are so lethal that one gram of purified one gram of purified botulinumbotulinum toxin toxin could kill 10 million people. could kill 10 million people.
At the time of the At the time of the Korean WarKorean War the US the US had only one agent, had only one agent, brucellosisbrucellosis (agent US), which is caused by (agent US), which is caused by Brucella suisBrucella suis. The original . The original weaponized form used the M114 weaponized form used the M114 bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bombs bombs
Biological agentsBiological agents
A A biological agentbiological agent is a is a bacteriumbacterium, , virusvirus, , prionprion, , fungusfungus, or , or biological toxinbiological toxin that can be used in that can be used in bioterrorismbioterrorism or or biological warfarebiological warfare. . More than 1200 different kinds of More than 1200 different kinds of biological agents have been biological agents have been described and studied to date described and studied to date
Bacillus anthracis.Bacillus anthracis. Causes anthraxCauses anthrax If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop
in two to three daysin two to three days Initial symptoms resembling common Initial symptoms resembling common
respiratory infection are followed by high fever, respiratory infection are followed by high fever, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, and internal and external bleeding lesionsand internal and external bleeding lesions
Exposure is fatalExposure is fatal
BrucellosisBrucellosis
Maltese feverMaltese fever Man, livestock, LethalMan, livestock, Lethal
Psittacosis :parrot feverPsittacosis :parrot fever Chlamydophila psittaciChlamydophila psittaci : lethal : lethal
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin Cause of botulism, produced by Cause of botulism, produced by Clostridium Clostridium
botulinumbotulinum bacteria bacteria Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after
ingestion or inhalationingestion or inhalation Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea, Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea,
followed by weakness, dizziness and followed by weakness, dizziness and respiratory paralysis, leading to deathrespiratory paralysis, leading to death
Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process. Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process.
Q fever Q fever
CoxiellaCoxiella burnetiiburnetii
threatening threatening acute respiratory distress syndromeacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (ARDS),
Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death
of the Middle Agesof the Middle Ages If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms--If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms--
including fever and delirium--may including fever and delirium--may appear in three or four daysappear in three or four days
Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Vaccines can offer immunity, and Vaccines can offer immunity, and antibiotics are usually effective if antibiotics are usually effective if administered promptlyadministered promptly
EbolaEbola
Ebola virusEbola virus Highly contagious and lethalHighly contagious and lethal May not be desirable as a biological agent May not be desirable as a biological agent
because of uncertain stability outside of animal because of uncertain stability outside of animal hosthost
Symptoms, appearing two or three days after Symptoms, appearing two or three days after exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and convulsions, followed by deathconvulsions, followed by death
No known treatment. Supportive therapyNo known treatment. Supportive therapy
H1N1H1N1
The The Big FiveBig Five
M1 Biodart (E1)M1 Biodart (E1) A 7.62mm rifle A 7.62mm rifle cartridge with exterior grooves filled cartridge with exterior grooves filled with either with either botulinumbotulinum toxin toxin A A
The “Eight Ball”The “Eight Ball”
Anti-agriculture BW Anti-agriculture BW
Second world war: herbicideSecond world war: herbicide BiotoxinsBiotoxins Wheat blast & rice blastWheat blast & rice blast
PartheniumParthenium EichorniaEichornia
GMO
Causal agent: Causal agent: Fusarium Fusarium spp.spp. Disease: Fusarium head blightDisease: Fusarium head blight Effects:Effects:
Early infection prevents kernel fillingEarly infection prevents kernel filling Late infection - Late infection - trichothecene mycotoxinstrichothecene mycotoxins
Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymuslymph nodes, spleen and thymus
Leads to low white blood cell count and Leads to low white blood cell count and bone marrow atrophybone marrow atrophy
Estimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kgEstimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kg Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages, Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages,
internal hemorrhages, vomitinginternal hemorrhages, vomiting
Head Scab of WheatHead Scab of Wheat
Head Scab of WheatHead Scab of Wheat
Fusarium is not hostFusarium is not host specificspecific Soil borneSoil borne Wheat resistance known but not Wheat resistance known but not
developeddeveloped Chemical control effectiveness Chemical control effectiveness
dependent on timing and only 50-dependent on timing and only 50-60% effective.60% effective.
Countries With or Suspect of Countries With or Suspect of Having BW ProgramsHaving BW Programs
China China Taiwan Taiwan
Iran Iran Cuba Cuba Israel Israel
Russia Russia
USA USA North KoreaNorth Korea Iraq (DNF)Iraq (DNF) Syria Syria EgyptEgypt
JapanJapan
White coatWhite coat
Entomological WarfareEntomological Warfare
Infected InsectsInfected Insects
Colorado potato beetle
Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese.Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese.
High level threats by UNHigh level threats by UN
BiopenBiopen
INDIAN CONCERNINDIAN CONCERN
This is Black BiologyThis is Black Biology