Animal Animal Biotechnology Biotechnology Bahir Dar University College of Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding GENETIC BASIS OF DISEASE RESISTANCE (GBDR): in relation to Ethiopian Indigenous cattle breeds Assemu Tesfa Assemu Tesfa ( ( [email protected][email protected]) ) (Andassa Livestock Research Center) (Andassa Livestock Research Center) June, 2013 June, 2013
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciencesand Environmental Sciences
Department of Animal Genetics and BreedingDepartment of Animal Genetics and Breeding
(Andassa Livestock Research Center)(Andassa Livestock Research Center)
June, 2013June, 2013
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Animal health and well being have become increasingly important issues for animal producers and consumers.
Decrease profitability of animal production (Jovanović, 2009).
The development of genome resources and technologies allow for identification of several host resistance genes
Pathogens are ubiquitous and have a significant impact on their hosts’ fitness and survival fitness and survival ((Roger and Larry, 985).
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Intro…Intro…
Members of a given species are not all equally susceptible to infectious diseases
The genetic basis of variation in resistance is evident from observations on breed differences
(Example: Indigenous VS Exotic breeds)
Aim: Aim: to prepare and present about genetic bases of disease resistance in the livestock
sector.
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
The concepts of GBDRThe concepts of GBDR
Disease have two directional impact,
In animals direct effect and
Cost for medication to treat it
Works done on genetic base, selection of disease resistance breeds
for improvement of production and productivity.
According to a study in Evolution, resistance to certain infectious diseases is inheritance (Science Daily, 2007)
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
The The concepts… concepts…
It had indicated, diseases rarely occur in all members of animal populations exposed to pathogens (Whitelaw and Sang, 2005) (miss all pop.)
Disease is of multifactorial and interactive b/n
two genomes (the host and the pathogen) and
the environment.
Resistance to disease is Resistance to disease is because of interactions because of interactions and need multiple genes and need multiple genes at different loci.at different loci.
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
The concepts…Genetic bases of disease resistance varies.
Example;
Salmonella pullorum and coccidian parasites in poultry;
Brucella suis in swine;
Virus responsible for myxomatosis in Rabbits;
Trypanosomes and tick infestations in cattle;
Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in sheep;
Within specious goats better than sheep for footrot fungus (FAO, 2002).
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
The concepts…Resistance to pathogens
encompasses resistance due to:
Impenetrable barriers,(skin got enzymes, acids and even helpful Bacteria) (Bagley, 1997).
Absence of appropriate receptors for binding and penetration of cellular membranes,
Failure to survive after entering the host,
Inability to replicate in the host,
Killing and elimination by host defense mechanisms
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
A
nim
al
An
imal
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
1) N'Dama resist trypanosomosis 1) N'Dama resist trypanosomosis (Mattioli et al., 1998; Murray et al., 1990). Because: