Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE Part A 8 Microbial Genetics
Biotech 2011-03-prokaryotic-genes
May 11, 2015
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n
ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE
Part A8Microbial Genetics
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Genetics: The study of what genes are, how they carry
information, how information is expressed, and how
genes are replicated.
Gene: A segment of DNA that encodes a functional
product, usually a protein.
Terminology
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Genome: All of the genetic material in a cell
Genomics: The molecular study of genomes
Genotype: The genes of an organism
Phenotype: Expression of the genes
Terminology
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
E. coli
Figure 8.1a
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Chromosome Map
Figure 8.1b
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Flow of Genetic Information
Figure 8.2
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DNA
Polymer of nucleotides: Adenine,
thymine, cytosine, and guanine
Double helix associated with
proteins
"Backbone" is deoxyribose-
phosphate
Strands are held together by
hydrogen bonds between AT and
CG.
Strands are antiparallel.
Figure 8.3b
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DNA
Figure 8.3a
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DNA
Figure 8.4
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DNA
DNA is copied by DNA polymerase
In the 5' 3' direction
Initiated by an RNA primer
Leading strand is synthesized continuously
Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously
Okazaki fragments
RNA primers are removed and Okazaki fragments
joined by a DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
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Important Enzymes
Table 8.1
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DNA Replication
Figure 8.5
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DNA
DNA replication is semiconservative.
Figure 8.6
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Transcription
DNA is transcribed to make RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and
rRNA).
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to
the promotor sequence
Transcription proceeds in the 5' 3' direction
Transcription stops when it reaches the
terminator sequence
PLAY Animation: DNA Replication
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Transcription
Figure 8.7 (1 of 2)
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Transcription
PLAY Animation:Transcription
Figure 8.7 (2 of 2)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
RNA processing in Eukaryotes
Figure 8.11
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