Wellness Through Water Empowering People Globally Biosand Filter: Lessons Learned in Lombok Rachel Peletz, M.Eng International Technical Advisor, CAWST Howard Singleton President, Rotary Club of Mataram, Lombok
Wellness Through WaterEmpowering People Globally
Biosand Filter: Lessons Learned in Lombok
Rachel Peletz, M.Eng International Technical Advisor, CAWST
Howard Singleton President, Rotary Club of Mataram, Lombok
Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST)
• Registered Canadian charity
• Professional service organization– Subsidized training – Technical consulting – Open educational materials– Client-service relationship
• Focus on safe drinking water and basic sanitation for the poor
• Completely independent
• Working in over 50 countries
Concrete Concrete ExteriorExterior
LidLid
TubingTubing
SandSandBedBed
UnderdrainUnderdrain GravelGravel
Separating Separating GravelGravel
DiffuserDiffuserPlatePlate
Biosand Filter: What is it Made Of?
How Does it Work?• Filter Mechanisms
– Physical straining through the sand– Biological activity in the biolayer at the top of the sand surface
• The biosand filter removes: – > 97% of E. coli (Duke, 2006; Stauber, 2006)– > 99% of protozoa and helminths (Palmateer, 1999)– 80-90% of viruses (Stauber, 2005)– 90-95% of iron (Ngai, 2007)– 85-95% of arsenic with a filter adaptation (Ngai, 2007)– Most suspended sediments
• Health impact studies estimate a 30-40% reduction in diarrhea among all age groups (Liang, 2007; Sobsey 2007)
How Does it Happen?2. The diffuser plate slows the
force of the waterDiffuserDiffuser
PlatePlate
Balifokus workshop in Bali
How Does it Happen?3. Water then travels slowly
into the biolayer at the top of the sand
BiolayerBiolayer
YKPR workshop in Lombok
4. Water continues to travel slowly through the sand
SandSandBedBed
How Does it Happen?
SNM Project in Madura
5. After passing through both layers of gravel, the water is flows up the outlet pipe
UnderdrainUnderdrain GravelGravel
Separating Separating GravelGravel
How Does it Happen?
Wycliffe Project in Irian Jaya
Balifokus, Rotary
CWSHP
Rotary, YKPRUNICEF
Sumbangsih Nuansa Madura
Dian Desa
Wycliffe
Yayasan Silih Asih
CUSO volunteer
Lifewater
Training/Site VisitOther clients
CAWST Clients in Indonesia
The Problems• Population 3+ million (443 Desas)
• Drinking water 60% wells, 14% road tanker, 17% springs and rivers 9% PDAM
• 54 % of Desas have no toilets
• Septic tanks only, but large amounts of human waste dumped in rivers and on land
• Toilets/septic tanks next to wells - 80 % of wells have pathogens (bacteria etc)
• Much diarrhea, pneumonia. Infant mortality in NTB is 5x higher than Bali (2002-2003 stats.)
Solutions!• Biosand filters to purify the water
• Build toilets, starting with schools • Hygiene and sanitation education in schools
Testing the water from a new filter
• First filters made in November 2004 and installed in Kebon Talo February 2005.
• Since then, over 750 filters have been installed. • 40 toilets in 8 toilet blocks have been installed with two more
blocks under construction.
Steps in Filter Installation• Carry out survey
– Test water. If ecoli and coliform levels too high…..continue– Health survey– Map the village, determine the location of houses and wells
• Determine whether to install one filter per house or one filter per well.
• Education of kampung with posters, with discussions and visits to other filter users
• Install filters
• Follow-up health survey and check maintenance.
RC Mataram, Lombok Clean Water and Sanitation Project -
Lessons Learned• Choose the village carefully -
Make sure that the Kepala Desun/Desa are going to work closely with you
• Plan every detail of delivery and installation
• Make sure that there is plenty of education and training
• Be prepared for follow-up visits to ensure that everything is working properly