Biomolecules proteins and n. acids ss copy

Proteins

ProteinsThey perform

many functions

within living organisms.

ProteinsMade up ofamino acid monomers joined by a

peptide bond

Amino AcidSide

Group

Amino Group Carboxyl Group

aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6

peptide bonds

Polypeptide Chain

Polypeptide Chain

(Primary Structure)

Sheet and Helix(Secondary Structure)

Tertiary Structure

Quaternary Structure

Proteins

Functionscopy DNA

form structurescatalyze reactionsrespond to stimuli

transport molecules

Proteins

Proteins help in copying DNA

Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Keratin

Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Collagen

Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Actin & Myosin

Proteins

Proteins speed up chemical reactions.

Proteins

Proteins speed up chemical reactions.

Proteins

Proteins participate in cell signaling.

Antibody

Proteins

Proteins serve as transport channels.

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic AcidsThey store and

transmit hereditary

information and they help in

making proteins.

Nucleic Acids

They aremade up of nucleotide monomers.

Nucleotide

Nucleic AcidsDNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNARibonucleic acid

Nucleotide

FIVE TYPES

RIBOSEDEOXYRIBOSE

Nucleotide

ADENINEGUANINETHYMINECYTOSINEURACIL

RIBOSE OR DEOXYRIBOSE

A

G TU

C

PURINES PYRIMIDINES

DNA

DNAIt is a double-

stranded nucleic acid that composes chromosomes and

carries genetic information.

DNA

HeritableReplicableTranscribableMutable

DNA

HeritableReplicableTranscribableMutable

DNA (a nucleic acid) is located in the nucleus.

Nucleus ChromosomeDNA

DNA can also be found in the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

DNA

DNA contains 4

bases A, T, G, & C

Erwin Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules• Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T

• Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G C

A

CG

T

Chargaff discovered that DNA contains the same amount of adenine as thymine

and the same amount of cytosine as guanine.

A AA AA A

AT

T

T

T TT

T

CCC G G

G

C

G

A

A

T

G

Nucleotide PS

N-b

Pairing DNA Nucleotides

Rule

A to

C to

T

G

What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?

3’End

3’End 5’End

5’End

DNA

DOU

BLE

HELI

X

ladder shaped molecule

DNADNA codes for

proteins (structural,

enzymes, and hormones)

RNA

RNA• Single strand of

nucleotides instead of double stranded

• Has uracil instead of thymine

• Contains ribose instead of deoxyribose

A

B

C

RNA Nucleotides• A - Sugar (ribose)• B - Phosphate• C - Nitrogen base

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen base

Name the parts of the nucleotide.

Rules for Base Pairing• Cytosine pairs with Guanine

• Adenine pairs with Uracil

Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)

A = U

C = G

Rules for Base Pairing

• C = G

• A = U

3’ DNA strand

5’ DNA strandRNA strand

C

A

T

G

G

U

C

A

RNA

• Carries DNA’s message code

• Helps make protein

Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Base

Sugar

(ribose)

RNA

Overall process of protein synthesis

transcription translation

DNA RNA Protein

copyright cmassengale 69

Transcription

Translation

• What does the chain of amino acids represent?

Threonine

Arginine

GlycineGlycine

Proline

Asparagine

Proline Alanine

Polypeptide Chain – A Protein

Codons• One codon codes for one amino acid.

• A sequence of amino acids is a protein.

EX: ACG = amino acid (threonine)CGC = amino acid (arginine)GGA = amino acid (glycine)

ACG

GGAGGC

CCA

AAC

CCG

GCCCGC

Threonine

Arginine

GlycineGlycine

Proline

Asparagine

Proline

Alanine

Amino Acid

protein

Pathway to Making a Protein

DNA

mRNA

tRNA (ribosomes)

Proteincopyright cmassengale 73