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Transcript
Introduction
History
Principle
Components
How it works?
Application
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future enhancement
Sports has great commercial importance and popularity. As a result, there’s a need to make the game more interesting and make it as fair as possible.
Human error plays vital role in decision making at decisive moments.
There is need to bring a technology to minimize the chances of human error in such decision making.
Hawk-Eye is a system used in cricket, tennis, snookers and other sports to visually track the path of the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely path as a moving image.
Hawk-Eye is most innovative technology in sports broadcasting and is a development that will reinforce the group's presence and influence.
It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research Limited in 2001.
The patent being held by Paul Hawkins and David Sherry.
The system was first used during a Test match between Pakistan and England at Lord's Cricket Ground, on 21 April 2001.
It was first used in tennis 2006 US open.
Hawk-Eye system is based on the principle of ”Triangulation”
Triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline.
The hawk eye system consists of two significant parts Tracking System.
• Camera . • Speed gun.
Video Replay System.
The tracking data provides the coaches and players with the information for HOW they have performed.
The tracking system consists of High speed vision processing cameras to track the ball from the bowler’s hand to the batsman.
The system will automatically calculate the following information: • The speed of the ball leaving the bowler's hand. • The swing of the ball from the bowler's hand to where the
ball pitched .
• How much the ball bounced.
• How much the ball deviated sideways off the wicket. • A prediction of where the ball would have passed the stumps.
TRACKING SYSTEM
HAWK-EYE CAMERA
Hawkeye cameras placed high
above the court to track the
trajectory (path followed) of the
ball.
It can point out the bounce of the
ball upto the precision of 3mm.
The cameras record the
movement of ball at the rate of 60
frames per second.
SPEED GUN
A speed gun measures the ball speed.
It shoots a very short burst of infra-red laser and receives it back.
The gun, counts the nanoseconds it took for the light to travel to and from the ball, divides it by two and gives the speed of the ball.
The Hawk-Eye System can incorporate more video replay cameras for analysis from different angles, which can be controlled remotely.
The video is captured and stored digitally on hard disks.
This uses display unit like monitor and
projector screens.
Uses 6 cameras placed as
shown.
Each cameras are positioned at
60degree roughly from each
other.
6 cameras are designed
according to their distance from
pitch.
Each camera covers smaller
region for accuracy.
It include loading of statistical generator, which is
used to produce status based on data collected.
This part of the system can be further divided into 3 major
parts:
Identifying pixels representing the ball in each image.
Applying some geometric algorithm on the set of Images
at each instant.
Coming up with the 3D position of the ball in space.
Done by process called Blob detection.
Blob detection senses the size of the ball.
It negates the confusion of the ball shadow which may be
confused with the ball pixel by comparing the ball position
in previous images &position of the sun at that instant.
Data of x & y coordinates in each camera is obtained by
geometric algorithm which is used inside hawk-eye
system.
2D images captured from each cameras are combined to
get a 3D position of the ball.
3D images are taken at various instance of
time.
3D Images collected at various instants are
putting together to form a single picture, which
shows the trajectory of the ball.
Its applications are mainly in sports.
Cricket
Tennis
Snookers and
In some games
Used in strengthening military power.
Used in automobile industry.
LBW DECISION
Hawk-Eye helps to resolve the following three issues: Would the ball have hit the
stumps? Did the ball pitch in-line? Did the ball hit the batsman
in-line?
The singles, 2s, 3s, 4s
and 6s that make up
quick-fire 50s or
vital centuries are
represented by the
different colors of the
Wagon Wheel,
DESPIN
Hawk-Eye DE Spin Graphics
demonstrate how far a delivery
has deviated after pitching
PITCH MAPS
highlight a bowler’s
consistency or
expensiveness, line
and length.
Beehives show where the
ball has passed the
batsman.
BEEHIVES
Can be used to represent
differences in speed, bounce
and delivery.
RAILCAM
BALL SPEED
Hawk-Eye now has
the ability to supply
ball speeds as reliably
as a radar gun,
REACTION TIME
The Hawk-eye system
is also used effectively
to calculate and
represent the reaction
time taken by a fielder
to catch the ball.
In tennis Hawk-Eye generates the impact of
the ball whether the ball is “IN” or “OUT”
This technology is useful in cases where the cue
ball touches the specified ball first or any other
ball.
The use of hawk eye technology
is used to retrieve the enemy
locations from far away distance
without coming to their notice. The
E-2C aircraft used by US army
uses this technology.
Hawk-eye technology is used
for wheel aligning in
automobiles.it offers shops
the multiple benefits of
precision, high-speed
alignment and greater
productivity
Give a prediction as accurate as 99.99 percent.
Its a very effective system which works in real time.
Minimize the chances of human error in decision
making.
Help players to study their past games and improve.
The system is too costly.
The system needs complex arrangements.
Sometimes Hawk-Eye struggle with predicting the
curved trajectory of a cricket ball after bouncing.
Sometimes it challenges umpires dignity.
The future of hawk-
eye technology looks
bright as it has been
used in various
applications in a very
short duration after its
introduction. For eg:
use of goal line
technology has been
proposed in football.
After all the test that have been conducted on this
technology, it has always come out successful and it
promises to be a boon for the world of sports and now it
is up to the different councils to decide whether to use
this technology or not.
This technology has met the high reality and accuracy
features.
Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football
This technology helps to have correct decisions in any
kind of game.
http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc
http://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2006-08-10/
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm?c_id=4
http://archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/dubaitennis2007/08379
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/hawkeye
http://www.hawkeyetechnology.com/tech/
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