Biometrics. Outline What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? Physiological Behavioral Applications Concerns / Issues 2.

Biometrics

Outline

What is Biometrics?Why Biometrics?PhysiologicalBehavioralApplicationsConcerns / Issues

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What is Biometrics?

Multi-Factor Authentication What you know (Password) What you have (ID) What you are (Biometrics)

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Biometrics (cont.)

Human characteristics used to verify or authenticate an individual’s identity

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Why Biometrics?

Prevent fraudulent acts- Accessing confidential information- Faking an identity

Stolen Badge Compromised Password

Safety and Security- Keep information safe

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Two Characteristics

Physiological Related to the human body

Ex: Fingerprint, Face Recognition, Hand Geometry, etc.

Behavioral Related to the patterns of an individuals behavior

Ex: Voice Recognition, Signature, Keyboard Dynamics

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Physiological

Fingerprint Three patterns

Arch: starts on one side, arches up, then ends on other side

Loop: starts on one side, loops around, ends on same side Whirl: circles around center of finger

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Arch Loop Whirl

Fingerprint Disadvantages

Damaged fingerprintsHygieneCut off finger

Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

High Medium Low

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Physiological

Face Recognition Verify individual using a digital image from a video

source Analyzes position, size, and shape

- Nose, eyes, cheekbones, and jaw

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Face Recognition Disadvantages

Facial SurgeryFacial ExpressionsPoor Lighting

Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

Low High High

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Physiological

Retinal Scanner Camera technology with infrared light to obtain

unique retina pattern Examines the pattern of blood vessels at the back of

the eye Mathematical algorithm converts pattern into

computer code and stores it in database

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Retinal Scanner Disadvantages

Accurate measurement affected by cataracts or severe astigmatism

Not user friendlyNeed to be close to cameraCan reveal eye cancer (Insurance reasons)

Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

High Low Low

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Behavioral

Voice Recognition Speaker’s voice is recorded and a voice print is

created Individual’s voice pattern used to compare with the

print, in order for authentication Frequency estimation Pattern matching algorithms

Disadvantage Sick (Voice Gone)

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Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

Medium High High

Behavioral

Signature Users write signature on a digital tablet Recognizes signature pattern

Spatial coordinates Pressure Pen up/down Time Angular Measurements Inclination

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Signature Disadvantages

Broken hand/finger affecting signatureChanges to signature

Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

Medium Medium High

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Behavioral

Keyboard Dynamics The manner and rhythm that an individual types on a

keyboard Dwell Time – Time in which a key is pressed Flight Time – Time between when a key is released and

the next key is pushed down Which shift key was used? Etc.

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Keyboard Dynamics Disadvantages

Disadvantages Legal Issues Broken Hand/Finger

Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance

Medium Medium High

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Applications

Bank vaultsGovernment AgenciesDriver’s License signatureWriting checksAccessing confidential informationPersonal laptops

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Concerns / Issues

Costly PrivacyGood for Verification, Bad for IdentificationSpeed Recognition

False Positives (i.e. Non authorized user granted access) - should be at 0.001%

False Negatives (i.e. Authorized user denied access) - should be at 1%

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