BIOMEDICAL REPAIR he_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_clim b_and_dance?language=en.

BIOMEDICAL REPAIR

https://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let_

us_run_climb_and_dance?language=en

Prosthetics

Prosthesis

• An artificial extension that replaces a missing body part

• Typically used to replace a missing body part or enhance a defective body part– Lost by injury (trauma)– Missing from birth (congenital)

• Common uses: artificial heart valves

• Artificial hearts and lungs

• Artificial eyes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtrrMn4EUKU

• dentures

Prosthetic enhancement

• 2008, Oscar Pistorius was disqulified as an olympic runner due to the “unfair mechanical advantage” of his prosthesis

• Mechanical parts could soon surpass human equivalents in their efficiency…

• Part of biomechatronics: the science of using mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect

• Biosensors detect what the user wants and relay that information through the user’s nervous/skeletal system to a controller

• The controller located inside the device will than control the device, sensing the limb’s position and force

Amanda Kitts is learning to use her new limb…

• Claudia Mitchell, former Marine and amputee, has tested a prosthetic arm developed by Dr. Todd Kuiken at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago

• re-directed the nerves that control her missing arm to her chest. The nerves re-grew close to the skin of her chest.

• Tiny electrodes on her skin pick up the electrical activity of these nerves and send signals to the motors in the arm.

• She is able to control the arm's movements by thinking about it

Greg Gadson lost both his legs in a roadside bomb in Iraq and is now “meshing my 43-year-old body with a machine”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDsNZJTWw0w

• Can be used to enhance our own function, ex. carry a large/heavy load

• It is estimated that within 20 years artificial limbs could have skin that senses temperature and touch…

• http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/world-cup-to-debut-mind-controlled-robotic-suit/?&WT.mc_id=SA_HLTH_20140610

Artificial organs

• Man-made device that is implanted into a human to replace a natural organ to restore a specific function

An extremely expensive process, used for:1. Life support to prevent imminent death while

awaiting a transplant (e.g. artificial heart)

2. Dramatic improvement of the patient's ability for self-care (e.g. artificial limb)

3. Improvement of the patient's ability to interact socially (e.g. cochlear implant)

4. Cosmetic restoration after cancer surgery or accident

Types of artificial organs

• Brain pacemaker– Sends electrical impulses to brain to relieve

depression, epilepsy, tremors

• Artificial valves– Especially at ends of stomach, to help with

function of sphincters– Used for esophageal cancer, reflux disease

• Artificial pacemaker– Electronic device that helps to keep the heart

contractions regular

• Artificial ear– Cochlear implants to help with hearing or

cosmetic repair

Cosmetic Surgery

• Has been around since ancient times:– Ancient Romans used to repair damaged ears

• One of the most common is skin grafts

• Can be reconstructive: to correct functional impairments caused by injuries (ex. burns, car accidents, cancer, etc.)

• Or can be cosmetic, to cause “enhancement” of appearance– 12 000 000 were performed in US in 2007– Most common: tummy tuck, eyelid tuck,

• …mammoplasty (breast reduction/augmentation)

• Buttock augmentation, chemical peels, rhinoplasty, etc. etc.

• Nose job: $4,000 to $7,000 • Facelift: $7,000 to $10,000 • Breast implants: $5,000 to $8,000 • Liposuction: $2,000 to $10,000, depending on

how many areas fat is removed from and what technique the surgeon uses to remove it

• Tummy tuck: $6,000 to $8,000 • Vein treatment: $500 to $2,000 per treatment,

depending on the technique used • Dermabrasion: $2,000 to $4,000