A Seminar Report On BIOMASS SUPPORTED SOLAR THERMAL HYBRID POWER PLANT By A.NAGESH BHAT 124G1A0257 Under the esteemed guidance of G. Meeri Matha.,M.Tech., (Ph.D)., Associate Professor DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University) ANANTHAPURAMU-515701 2016
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A Seminar ReportOn
BIOMASS SUPPORTED SOLAR THERMAL HYBRIDPOWER PLANT
By
A.NAGESH BHAT124G1A0257
Under the esteemed guidance of
G. Meeri Matha.,M.Tech., (Ph.D).,
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGSRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University)ANANTHAPURAMU-515701
2016
Contents
• Introduction• Solar Collectors For STPP• Working of STPP• Characteristics Of STPP• Solar Thermal Hybrid Power Plant(STHPP)• Advantages• Conclusion
Introduction
Increasing energy demand day by day calls for new and efficient methods and resources to provide reliable power.
At present rate of energy usage may cause fossil fuel to extinct in very short period of time. So now a days more focus is on renewable energy sources.
Solar energy is one of the predominant forms of renewable energy resource.
Solar energy can harnessed in many ways such as using concentrating collectors, photovoltaic conversion etc .
Solar energy has many applications such as distillation, space heating ,space cooling, cooking, drying etc..,
The use of solar thermal source are being attractive source among the renewable sources in electricity generation day by day due to impact of environmental pollution from fossil fuel and depletion of fossil energy.
A large scale electrical energy can be generated using concentrating solar thermal power plant with storage system.
It is fact that solar thermal power plant (STPP) cannot operate stably and continuously due to variability of solar irradiation
So a hybrid solar thermal power plant is introduced which can operate continuously which includes both solar and biomass energy for continuous electrical energy generation.
Solar Collectors For STPP• There are three main types of collectors for solar thermal
power a. Parabolic trough
b. Solar dish c. Solar power tower
Parabolic Trough A parabolic trough collector has a long parabolic-shaped
reflector that focuses the sun's rays on a receiver pipe located at the focus of the parabola.
The collector tilts with the sun as the sun moves from east to west during the day to ensure that the sun is continuously focused on the receiver.
This receiver tube heats up the oil to nearly 400°C, and a heat exchanger transfers the heat of the thermal oil to a water steam cycle
• The solar thermal trough power plants can reach annual efficiencies of about 15%
Fig. Parabolic Trough Collectors
Solar DishSolar dish systems use concentrating solar collectors that track the sun, so they always point straight at the sun and concentrate the solar energy at the focal point of the dish.• The temperature can be obtained up to 650°C. The system
efficiency of Dish systems can reach 20% or more
Fig. Solar dish collector
Solar Power towerIn solar thermal tower power plants, hundreds or even thousands of large two-axis tracked mirrors are installed around a tower. These slightly curved mirrors are also called heliostats
• A temperatures of 1000°C or more can be obtained and the system can achieve an efficiency of 20% or more.
Fig. Solar power tower
WORKING OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT The STPP works like as conventional thermal power plant, but
instead of fossil fuel it uses solar thermal energy as a heat for the generating steam.
The solar power tower systems reflect light in to a receiver at focus point and the maximum temperature of 8000 - 10000 C is generated .
The diagram of this typical solar thermal plant is shown in Fig. 1.
The synthetic oil is used for producing super-heated high pressure steam which drives the turbine to generate electrical energy
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT
Fig. 1. Diagram of Parabolic Dish STPP (1.solar collector; 2. Receiver; 3.Heat Exchanger; 4, 4’.Heat Storages; 5. Steam Generator; 6.Turbine; 7. Alternator; 8. Condenser)
CHARACTERISTICS OF STPP The characteristics of solar intensity, energy stored in the hot
tank, and electric power output as functions of time of day are shown in Fig. 2.
The STPP starts collecting thermal energy after sunrise and stores it in the hot tank throughout the day.
When the field energy production is insufficient compared to the operating schedule the storage energy is used balance out the missing from the field.
Due to the storage system, power output from the alternator remains constant through fluctuations in solar intensity and until all of the energy stored in the hot tank is depleted.
Since the storage capacity is limited the STPP cannot supply electrical energy continuously.
So energy storage plays an important role for the successful operation of STPP and working fluids are reliable media to be the key of the cost effective energy storage system.
Fig 2. Characteristics of STPP
Solar Thermal Hybrid Power Plant• The biomass supported STHPP can contribute to generate
electrical energy continuously after sunset or in the case of disappearance of solar radiation. The diagram of hybrid plant is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Solar thermal power plant with an auxiliary boiler(1. Receiver; 2. Auxiliary boiler ; 3.Heat Exchanger; 4, 4/.Heat
Storage; 5.Steam Generator; 6. Turbine; 7. Alternator;8. Condenser; 9. Deaerator; 10. Steam Storage)
In the case of insufficient solar irradiation biomass plant contributes to operate the STHPP for continuous operation.
The fuel will be provided from the biomass plant to heat water of auxiliary boiler, producing steam which will drive steam turbine to generate electricity.
The auxiliary boiler ensures to maintain rated parameters of steam of the STHPP.
The characteristics of STHPP are shown in Fig. 4. The storage energy of STHPP will remain approximately constant during 24 hours time of day. So, biomass supported STHPP with auxiliary boiler generates electrical energy stably and continuously.
Due to variability of solar thermal energy, solar thermal storage energy can be used for a short period and for a long period biomass fuel can be used for the continuous operation of the hybrid plant.
Fig 4. Characteristics of STHPP with auxiliary boiler
Thermo solar Borges is the first concentrated solar power (CSP) biomass hybrid power plant in the world.
It is located in Spain, and is the first hybridisation power plant that mixes thermo-electric power source with that of biomass.
The plant runs 24 hours a day by using solar power during the day and biomass during the night.
It is expected to generate 22.5MW of electricity per year, which is sufficient to supply for approximately 27,000 households.
The CSP-biomass plant extends in an area of 96 acres and comprises of solar block and biomass block. The solar block utilises parabolic troughs with thermal oil to generate power, while the biomass block uses biomass, agricultural waste and supplemental natural gas as fuel.
Advantages
• The main advantage of the STHPP system is that auxiliary boiler uses biomass fuel, producing steam for continuous and stable operation of STHPP and ensures 100% uses of renewable sources to generate electricity.
• So, no consumption of fossil fuel is needed in electricity generation that will contribute to reduce the environmental pollution and increase the efficiency of the STHPP.
• When the parameters of steam cannot reach the rated value at the exit of receiver in insufficient solar radiation, then biomass plant starts to operate. The steam from receiver mixes with the steam of auxiliary boiler and so the mixed steam reaches to the rated value at the exit of receiver.
CONCLUSION The STHPP is a promising way for the large scale electricity
generation using solar thermal energy.
The combined operation of biomass and solar thermal plant could be one of the most important modes to use the solar thermal and biomass power in the future.
The storage system of STHPP contributes to save biomass fuel that will increase the overall efficiency of the plant.
The biomass supported STHPP is one of the most important steps of generating electrical energy for the stable and continuous mode of operation.
References
[1] D. Mills, "Advances in solar thermal electricity technology," Solar Energy, vol. 76(1-3), pp. 19-31, 2004.
[2] T. Lu, et al., "Study on the continuous and stable running mode of solar Thermal Power Plant," pp. 1-4.
[3] E. Zarza, et al., "The DISS project: direct steam generation in parabolic trough systems. Operation and maintenance experience and update on project status," Journal of solar energy engineering, vol. 124, p. 126, 2002.
[4] M. Zhao, et al., "Feasibility Analysis of Constructing Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plant in Inner Mongolia of China," in Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009. APPEEC 2009. Asia-Pacific, Wuhan, 2009, pp. 1-4.
[5]" Biomass supported solar thermal hybrid power plant for continuous electricity generation from renewable sources" by Shaheen Hasan Chowdhury in Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET), 2012 2nd International Conference on the year 2012.
Thank You
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