Biomass micro scale CHP State of the art and recent R&D activities Walter Haslinger, Günther Friedl
Biomass micro scale CHP
State of the art and recent R&D activities
Walter Haslinger, Günther Friedl
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 2
Structure
State of the art and state of development in biomass micro scaleCHP
Recent R&D activities
Examples:Performance of pellets fired swinging piston CHPIntegration of thermoelectric generators into biomass boilers
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 3
Micro scale CHPFocus: smallest power
Characteristics:
■ Combined heat and electricity production
■ High total efficiency
■ Compact design
■ Ready for installation or turn-key
■ Close to mass or mass product
Fuel Air
Electricity Heat
Source: Button Energy
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 4
Development of modern (small scale) biomass combustion systems
~1980: Type testing of small scale biomass boilers initiiatesincrease in efficiency and reduction of emissions
1980ies: Automatic wood chip boilers
After 1996: Automatic pellets boilers
2000s: Emission reduction (above all PM10)
2010s: Increase of annual efficiencies
2020ies: Biomass micro CHP
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 5
State of developmentCompany information
Combustion engine Stirling engine Micro gas turbine
Fuel cell Steam cycle ORC process
ηel= 0,30
ηth= 0,61
Θ= 0,44
ηel= 0,15
ηth=0,76
Θ= 0,17
ηel= 0,25
ηth=0,58
Θ= 0,41
ηel=0,32
ηth=0,56
Θ= 0,59
ηel=0,16
ηth=0,75
Θ= 0,19
ηel=0,06
ηth=0,84
Θ= 0,08
Θ= Pel/Qth Stromkennzahl
on market
> 1 kWel
on market
> 28 kWel
on market
3 kWel
Demo to batch
Demo Demo
Sources: Company infos
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 6
Biomass micro CHP
For solid biomass micro CHP with external combustion
■ Steam engine
■ ORC
■ Stirling
■ Thermoelectric generators
Liquid biofuels for
(Diesel-) engines
(Virtual) biogas for
Gas Otto engines
Micro gas turbines
■ Fuel cells
R&D demandfor technology development
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 77
Arguments for micro CHP
Decentralized production for decentralized utilization
Production of electricity during periods of high heat demand and low offerof other renewables:
■ During winter■ Whilst twilight■ During times without sun and wind
Mass production reduces production costs
Integration into existing infrastructure
■ Closed heating room (cellar) or living room■ Pellets or log wood boiler
Increase of efficiency of the energy system
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 8
TECHNOLOGY INDEPENDENT
• Derivation of the state of the art of micro CHP systemsin the frame of the development of a model for thefuture utilization of micro CHP systems
• Development of a standardized methode for the assessment of efficiency and dynamic behaviour of micro CHPs
• Monitoring of fieldtest installations
Recent R&D activitiesBIOENERGY 2020+C
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 9
TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC
• Swinging piston technology:− Monitoring of a pellets fired micro CHP
• Thermoelectric electricity production:− Integration of thermoelectric generators into small scale biomass (pellets)
combustion systems
• Stirling engine: − Heat transfer from biomass combustion to nitrogen cycle of Stirling
process− Integration of a 4 cylinder Stirling engine into a biomass CHP
• Plant oil CHP unit: − Assessment of the state of development of a novel working machine
Recent R&D activitiesReferences of BIOENERGY 2020+
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 10
Swinging piston – pellets fired micro scale CHP
72,5 %
2,1 % 7,9 %
7,2 % 1,7 %
TK-VL°C
TK-RL°C
m(t)Kml/h
TH-VL°C
TH-VL°C
m(t)Hl/h
Pellets
Waage
m(t)BSkg
COppm
02
%NOx
ppm
TAG°C
PN
kW
PW
kW
TP2
°C
TP3
°C
TP5
°C
TP6
°C
TP7
°C
Wechselrichter
97,9 %
6,8 %3,9 %
Q(t)BS + WH = Q(t)H + WW + Q(t)V-AG + Q(t)V-Bison + Q(t)V-Zirk + Q(t)V-Puffer + ΔQ(t)Puffer
ΔQ(t)Puffer = 0
81,4 %
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 11
Historical applications of thermogenerators
1879
1925
1951
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 12
Thermoelectricmodule
Thermogenerator
Pellets boiler with thermogeneratorPrototype
Modulgröße: 8 x 8 cm
Fuel heat output: 10 kWNominal electric power: 200 - 400 W
Micro CHP prototype
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 13
Principle of thermoelectric electricityproduction
N-dotiert
P-dotiert
TH TK
Wärmezufuhr Strom I Wärmeabfuhr
Elektrische Nutzleistung
Heating circleCombustion air /exhausts
Thermogenerator
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 14
Integration of the thermogenerator1. Heat exchange
■ Share of heat flow passing the generator■ Constant and defined heat flow■ Constant and defined hot and cold side temperatures■ Even temperature distribution
2. Material durability
■ Temperature durability■ Corrosion
3. Operational reliability
■ Fouling■ Breakdown / malfunction of electricity generating technology
4. Costs
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 15
Share of heat flow passing generator
BK,WAQ&
TEG,WAQ&
TEGQ&
TH,TEGnachQ >&
TH,TEGnachQ <&
50,0%46,3% 52,6%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Auslegung Standardaufbau Verringerung
Ant
eile
der
Wär
mes
tröm
e
10,0 kW 10,0 % O2
10,1 kW 10,3 % O2
10,1 kW 10,5 % O2
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 16
Uniformity of temperature distribution
Modul 1
Modul 3
Modul 4 Modul 5
Modul 6
Modul 7
Modul 8
Modul 2
300 mV
600 mV
900 mV
300 mV
600 mV
900 mV
Obere Modulreihe
Untere Modulreihe
R&D results:
Temperature level on hot side250 °C ΔT < 10 K
Temperature level on hot side400°C ΔT < 15 K
in both cases no fouling / depostionproblems observed
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 17
Testing results of generator efficiency
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
0 50 100 150 200
Temperaturdifferenz TH-TK in K
Gen
erat
orw
irkun
gsgr
ad η
TEG in
%
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 18Günther FriedlHighlights der Bioenergieforschung, BMVIT, 12. November 2009
18
Picture Picture fromfrom 19541954 PopularPopular MechanicsMechanicsMagazineMagazine
Scientists from the RAND Scientists from the RAND corporation have created this corporation have created this
model to illustrate how a model to illustrate how a „„home home computercomputer““ could look like in the could look like in the
year 2004. However the needed year 2004. However the needed technology will not be economically technology will not be economically feasible for the average home. Also feasible for the average home. Also the scientists readily admit that the the scientists readily admit that the
computer will require not jet computer will require not jet invented technology to actually invented technology to actually
work,work, but 50 years from now but 50 years from now scientific progress is expected to scientific progress is expected to
solve these problems.solve these problems. With teletype With teletype interface and the FORTRAN interface and the FORTRAN
language, the computer will be language, the computer will be easily to use.easily to use.
Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona
2nd International Pellet Forum
Slide 19
Contact■ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
■ The results of the presented R&D projects have been derived in the frame of the Kplus-rogram and have been financially supported by the Federal Ministryof Innovation, the provinces of Styria and Lower Austria and the City of Graz.
■ We would further like to thank our company partners
■■ HET, KWB, RIKA, SchrHET, KWB, RIKA, Schröödl, SHT, dl, SHT, ViessmannViessmann, and Button , and Button EnergyEnergy
■ the scientific partners Vienna University of Technology and HBLFA Francisco Josephinum and the partners
■■ TEC COM and DLRTEC COM and DLR.
CONTACTDI Dr. Günther FriedlSenior Researcher
Tel ++ 43 (0)7416 52238-22Fax ++ 43 (0)7416 52238-99Mobil ++ 43 (0)664 [email protected]
BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbHLocation WieselburgGewerbepark Haag 3A 3250 Wieselburg-Land www.bioenergy2020.eu
TEC COM
Thank you for your attention!Mille grazie per la sua attenzione!
Walter HaslingerArea Manager
Small-scale combustion systemsBIOENERGY 2020+Location Wieselburg
Tel: +43 7416 52238 [email protected]