Biomass Energy Isa

7/27/2019 Biomass Energy Isa

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1 . M U H AM M AD I SA BI N RAH M AN

(552 012 0938 1)

2. MOHD KHAIRUL AZRAN AZAINI

BI N ABD RAH I M

(552 032 09395)

3. NU RZ AN J E FRY (55201209377)

4. MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN SAHRUM

(552 012 092 37 )

Biomass


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INTRODUCTION

All organic matter is known as biomass

the energy released from biomass when it iseaten, burnt or converted into fuels is calledbiomass energy.

Biomass energy technologies produce an array ofproducts including electricity, liquid, solid andgaseous fuels, heat and chemicals. Biomass andwaste are the only renewable forms of energythat compete directly with fossil fuels becausethey are both solid fuels and they share similarconversion processes.


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BIOGAS

Biogas is the product of organic material

decomposition, composed mainly ofmethane

and carbon dioxide. Biogas is produced in

large quantities in landfill sites, and it has

potential as a fuel to generate electricity or to

provide process heat.


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SOLID BIO-FUEL

Solid biofuels are solid RES from living

organism.

They are to be distinguished from solid fossil

fuels which are also of biological origin but

non-renewable.

Solid bio-fuels include wood, straw energy

crops and organic wastes


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LIQUID BIO-FUELS

Liquid biofuel are liquid RES converted from organicmaterial.

Liquid biofuels are transport fuels, primarily bio-diesel

bio-ethanol ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), which areprocessed from agricultural crops and other renewablefeed stock.

Other liquid bio fuel are bio methanol methyl tertiary

butyl ether (mtbe) and bio oil or pyrolysis oil. This two alcohols can be prepared form agricultural

residues, wood and industrial waste.


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ENERGY CROPS

Selected plants cultivated to provide biomass

that can be used as a fuel or be converted into

other fuels, or energy products.


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GASIFICATION

a process of converting organic materials intocarbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H), carbondioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) through really

high temperatures. converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous

materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen andcarbon dioxide.

Produced syngas, that mainly consists of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen.


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GASIFIER (GASIFICATION)

In a gasifier, the carbonaceous material undergoesseveral different processes :

1. Dehydration or drying process occurs at around 100C.

2. Pyrolysisprocess occurs at around 200-300C.

3. Combustion process occurs as the volatile products andsome of the char reacts with oxygen to primarily formcarbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide,which provides heat for the subsequent gasification

reactions.4. The gasification process occurs as the char reacts with

carbon and steam to produce carbon monoxide andhydrogen, via the reaction


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PYROLYSIS

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition

of organic material at elevated temperatures

without the participation of oxygen.


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Mechanism

Complex process consecutive heterogeneousand homogeneous.

Involved:

Devolatilization (pyrolysis) Gasification

Char combustion

Gas-phase oxidation

COMBUSTION


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Solid fuel combustion

Only fuel gases burn and release heat. Liquid or solid dont burn themselves

Liquid or solid consume heat in drying andvolatilization process to be chemically convertedinto fuel gas

Main fuel intermediate

Volatile hydrocarbon

Energy rich organic molecules Carbon monoxide

Hydrogen


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Mechanism

High temperature heat flux applied.

reacting the material at high temperatures

without combustion, with a controlled

amount of oxygen and/or steam.

Oxidizing agent by oxygen, carbon dioxide and

water vapor

To convert carbon and hydrogen to fuel

intermediate


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Mechanism

Convert biomass into

Gases

Volatile liquid

Carbon rich solid (char) Phases of wood combustion

I. Heating and drying

II. Thermal decomposition

III. Volatile matter combustion

IV. Char combustion


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Malaysia has abundant biomass waste resources coming

mainly from its palm oil, wood and agro-industries.

A total of about 665 MW capacity can be expected if the

estimated overall potential of about 20.8 million tons of

biomass residues. Biomass fuels currently account for about 16% of the

energy consumption in the country.

Biomass Energy In Malaysia


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Pros Cons

Theoretically inexhaustible fuel

source

An expensive source

When direct combustion of plantmass is not used to generate energy

Land used for energy crops maybe indemand for other purposes

Growing Biomass crops produce

oxygen and use up carbon dioxide

Additional work is needed in areas

such as harvesting methods

Biomass energy is carbon cycle

neutral

Initial costs are high compared with

traditional gas or oil installations

Available throughout the world Fuel needs to be kept dry if they are

to burn cleanly and efficiently

The use of waste materials reduce

landfill disposal and makes mores ace for ever thin else

Could contribute a great deal to

global warming and particulateollution if directl burned


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i. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that is

capable of making a large contribution to the worlds futureenergy supply.

ii. Land availability for biomass production should not be a

bottleneck.

iii. Land surfaces of 400-700 million hectares were used for

biomass production for energy about halfway the next

century.

iv. Making use of huge areas of unproductive degraded lands.

v. Latin America, Africa, Asia and to a lesser extent Eastern

Europe and North America represent a large potential for

biomass production.

Conclusion

Biomass Energy Isa

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