Biomass Energy

Contents

Introduction

Biomass In Egypt

Resources Of Biomass

Creating Energy from Biomass

Teamwork

Notes about bio energy :

The economic development plans implemented have necessarily required increasing amounts of energy.

The consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the world.

Rising prices of oil and gas and potential shortages in future lead to concerns about the security of energy supply needed to sustain our economic growth.

The attitude of these days is to find new sources of energy which can supply the future shortage, and be friendly to environment. All that can be achieved by renewable energy sources.

Renewable & Non-Renewable energy resources:

RENEWABLE:

Solar Energy.

Wind Energy.

Hydropower.

Geothermal Energy.

Biomass Energy.

NON-RENEWABLE:

Fossil fuels (Oil, natural gas, and coal).

Renewable Energy advantages & Cycle :

Clean.

Safe.

Available.

Solution to GHG’s (Greenhouse Gases) emission.

What is Bio-gas?

Bio-gas is one of the most commonly used renewable energy for various domestic and industrial applications.

Biogas is the gas produced from biomass like plant, animal and human waste.

It’s the mixture of 55-65% or methane and 30-40% of carbon dioxide.

The biogas burns very slowly and it has the calorific value of about 5000 Kcal/kg.

Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen

Advantages of the Biogas:

Biogas is a clean gas and produces no pollution when it is burnt.

The biogas is obtained from the plant, animal and human wastes, which would have gone wasted in the atmosphere.

The residual material that is left after substances which are used for obtaining the biogas can be used as the fertilizer.

Can biogas be the equivalent for natural gas in Egypt?

Methane gas is almost equivalent to natural gas, carbon dioxide is an inert gas, it has no calorific value.

Carbon dioxide will decrease the calorific value of biogas.

If we filter biogas by removing out carbon dioxide and some of the other trace elements, then biogas will be clean.

The technology used to clean it is not economically promoted in Egypt yet, although we have more than 743 biogas units distributed all over the country.

Sources of Biogas

The bio-gas is obtained from plant, animal and human waste.

The main source of biogas is wet cow dung, which is most commonly used for production of biogas.

The other sources of biogas are: sewage, crop residue, vegetable wastes, waste wood, dry leaves of the plants, broken branches of trees, garbage, waste paper, etc.

Biomass energy in Egypt:

Biomass Resource Assessment:

In Egypt the total biomass resources potential reaches 40 million Ton/year.

Small-scale biogas plants:

800 small biogas digesters installed in Egypt, less than 50% of them are in operation.

Approximately 80 new plants are constructed every year.

The total potential for small biogas plants in Egypt is estimated as more than 1 million units.

Most of the small biogas plants are installed by rural families.

Status of Biomass Projects in Egypt:

Small-scale biogas plants benefits and advantages:

The value of the fertilizer is higher, and can replace chemical fertilizer.

The gas is a clean fuel that can substitute either burning of straw or dung, or the use of kerosene or Butanes.

A number of environmental and social advantages such as:

Less in-door pollution from burning wood or dung in the kitchens.

Reduce workload for the housewife. Easier and healthier manure handling system

Large-Scale Biogas Plants:

Only few larger plants have been constructed. One of them was a 170 m3 digester in EL-Giza Army Camp (1980).

The concept of biogas should be expanded to include any organic waste like the one in “Al-Gabal Al-Asfar” that produces around one million cubic meters of biogas out of human waste

Biomass Resources

Energy Crops

Woody crops

Agricultural crops

Waste Products

Wood residues

Temperate crop wastes

Tropical crop wastes

Animal wastes

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Commercial and industrial wastes

corn Wood chips soybeans

Sugar cane Solid waste

Creating Energy From Biomass

Biomass Direct Combustion:

Creating Biogas from Biomass

Production of Biogas:

Biogas is produced in small plants, which are called as biogas plants or bio-gas generators.

There are various models and designs of biogas plants depending on the type of biomass used for producing the gas and the quantity of the gas to be produced

Parts of Bio-gas Generator or Biogas Plant:

Foundation.

Digester.

Dome.

Inlet chamber.

Outlet chamber.

Mixer.

Gas outlet pipe and valve.

Teamwork

Kareem Adel Hassan Abu Koura sec 4

Kamal Abd EL-Salam EL Kady sec 4

Mohamed Belal Hindy sec 4

Mohamed Ahmed Aly sec 4

Ola Fareed Fareed sec 4

Mohamed Salah Fathy sec 5

Doha Abd EL Fattah Mady sec 3

Asmaa Osama Ahmed sec 2

Amira Abu EL Nadr Mara’y sec 2

Nadam Hazem Hessin sec 6