Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in the Lungs of Smokers ......Dec 17, 2019 · Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are widely used by smokers, former smokers and never-smoking youth
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Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in the Lungs of Smokers, Non-Smokers and Electronic Cigarette Users Min-Ae Song1, 2, Jo L. Freudenheim3, Theodore M. Brasky1, Ewy A. Mathe1, Joseph P. McElroy1, Quentin A. Nickerson1, Sarah A. Reisinger1, Dominic J. Smiraglia 4, Daniel Y. Weng1, Kevin L. Ying1,5, Mark D. Wewers6, Peter G. Shields1* 1 Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 2 Division of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 3 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 4 Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 5 Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 6 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
*Address for Correspondence: Peter G. Shields, MD Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center 460 W. 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Suite D920, Columbus, OH 43210-1240 Phone: 614-688-6563 Email: [email protected]
Word count: Abstract Word Count: 248, Body Word Count: 3,461
Keywords: Electronic cigarettes, inflammation, DNA methylation, gene expression, lung
Conflict of Interest: PGS has served as an expert witness and consultant in tobacco company litigation on behalf of plaintiffs. The other authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest.
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
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Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Age, years, average (range) 25 (21-30) 27 (21-30) 26 (21-30) 0.19
Gender 0.03
Females, N (%) 25 (60%) 5 (33%) 4 (25%)
Race 0.86
White, N (%) 31 (74%) 12 (80%) 14 (88%)
Black or African American, N (%) 3 (7%) 1 (7%) 1 (6%)
Asian, N (%) 7 (17%) 1 (7%) 1 (6%)
More than one race, N (%) 1 (2%) 1 (7%) 0 (0%)
Smoking
Former, N (%) 0 (0%) 12 (80%) 0 (0%) <0.0001
Current, N (%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 16 (100%)
Never, N (%) - 3 (20%) 0 (0%)
Years of smoking, average (range) - 7.5 (1-15)1 6.6 (0.6-13) 0.69
Cigarettes per day, average (range) - 12.6 (0.7-20)1 16 (10-20) 0.24
Years since last cigarettes, average (range) - 2.1 (0.4-4.1)1
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use -
Years of e-cig use, average (range) - 2.6 (0.5-4)
Puffs per day, average (range) - 163.3 (20-600)
E-liquid (ml) per day, average (range) - 8.3 (2-20)
Nicotine (mg/ml), average (range) - 10.7 (1.5-36) 1 prior smoking e-cig users 2 Kruskal–Wallis (among three groups) or Mann–Whitney test (between two groups) for continuous variables, Fisher's exact test for categorical variables
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Table 2. Inflammatory cell counts and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of never-smokers, e-cig users, and smokers
Never-smoker
(n=40) E-cig user (n=13) Smoker (n=16) P-value Median (Range) Median (Range) Median (Range) Overall Never vs. E-Cig Never vs. Smokers E-Cig vs. Smokers
Significant P-values at the 0.05 level are bolded. Significant P-values after correction for multiple testing by adjusted-FDR at the 0.1 level were indicated by asterisks.
BAL with red blood cell contamination (2 never-smokers and 2 e-cig users) were removed for inflammatory cell counts which altered total cell counts.
SD Standard Deviation
Median, range, mean, and SD were presented as raw values.
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245
Published OnlineFirst December 17, 2019.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Min-Ae Song, Jo L. Freudenheim, Theodore M. Brasky, et al. Non-Smokers and Electronic Cigarette UsersBiomarkers of Exposure and Effect in the Lungs of Smokers,
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Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 17, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1245