Biology SPM 2004 Paper 2

Paper 2 Time: 2 hours 30 minutes

Section A[6O marhsl

Answer all qu.estions in this section.

Figure 1(a) shows a reaction catalysed by lipase.

(a) (i)

(ii)

Figure 1(a)Label P, Q, R and S in Figure 1(a).

State two characteristics of P.

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1

[2 marks](b) (i) State the principle of exzymic reaction as shown in Figure 1(a).

IL markj(ii) What can you deduce about the enzyme lipase based on Figure L(a)?

IL marhl

(c) Enz5rmes are used widelyState one use of lipase in

in industries.food industry.

[1 markJ

(d) The temperature at which a lipase reaction takes place is increased to more than 60"C.State the effect on the quantity of the product. Explain your enswer.

(e) Figure (b) shows a box of washing powder.

Brond XWashing powder

with added eruzyme

0 ,,"Figure 1(b)

A housewife uses cold water to wash her clothes with brand X washing powder.The cleaning is less effective.Using the above information, explain why.

[2 marksl

101

12 marksl

2 Figure 2 shows a fluid mosaic model of a plasma membrane.

Figure 2(a) Label any two structures J, K, L or M in Figure 2 using the following terms:

Protein carrier Hydrophilic headProtein pore Hydrophobic tailCholesterol

(b) Molecules can pass through structure L in Figure 2 by facilitated diffusion.(i) State one characteristic of the molecule that can pass through structure L.

(ii) Explain how molecules pass through structure L.

[l marlzl

[1 mark]

tl

r)

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(c) State one characteristic of the plasma membrane based on the model in Figure 2.

[1 markl

(d) Using the mechanism of movement of a substance across the plasma membrane throughosmosis:(i) Explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution.

lSmnrksl

(ii) Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the substance that you have described in(dxi).

[3 marks]

Figure 3(a) shows the human circulatory system.

Figure 3(a)

105

(a) circulations R and S. Describe each circulation.Name

(i) R:Description:

(ii) s:Description:

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(b) On Figure 3, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S.o Oxygenated blood with the arrow (

o Deoxygenated blood with the arrow (--------|)ll markl

(c) The pacemaker of a patient's heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used toreplace the original pacemaker.Explain how the electronic pacemaker works.

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(d) Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y.Blood vessel Volume /cm3 Pressure /kPa

x 100 13.3

Y 300 0.3

Table 1

Based on Figure 3(a) and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of bloodflow in the blood vessels X andY?

I

il,i

I

'i

'i

(i)

Explain your answer.

[2marksl(ii) Explain how vigorous exercise increases the blood flow in the blood vessel X.

12marksl

Figure 4 shows a terrestrial ecosystem.

yl .reY

Abiotic tr";;"#components: r.------:------ -rljrotrc i-^-l

. I Uecomposer ll IComPonentS: L------:--------Figure 4

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(a)

(b)

Abiotic and biotic components influence the lives of organisms.Fill in the boxes in Figure 4 to show two more abiotic components and two more bioticcomponents.

12 marksl

On Figure 4, mark and label one example of the following organisms.(i) Producer(ii) Consumer(iii) Decom'oser

IJ marksl

Based on Figure 4, construct one food chain consisting of four trophic level.lst trophic______>2nd trophic

,3rd trophic th trophiclevel - level - level -level

[2mnrks](d) An organism in the 3rd trophic level in Figure 4 has decreased in number.

(i) Based on the food chain you have constructed in (c), suggest a way to increase thenumbers of this organism again.

[lmark)(ii) Explain your suggestion in (dXi).

(c)

'Ll

ta

[2 marksl(e) The organisms in the trophic level in Figure 4 absorbs 15 000 kJ solar energ"y.

Energy loss at each trophic level is 90Vo.Calculate the total every transferred to the organisms in the 3rd trophic level.

t2 mc.rhsTKJ

111

5 Figure 5 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary.

Pituitary gland

Hormone X Hormone Y

12 L4 16 18Rajah 5

22 24 26 28

(a) Based

Hormo ne X:

on Figure 5, name hormone X and state its role.

isi"-@ @ #Pnmaryfollicle

(b)

Role:

12 rnarksl

Explain how an imbalance of hormones P and Y causes the disruption of the ovulationprocess.

13 marksl

(c) {i)

(ii)

In Figure 5, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day.tf markl

Based of Figure 5, state the relationship between the changes in structure T and thelevel ofhormone Q from the 16th to the 26th day.

12marksl

(d) Based on Figure 5, explain the importance of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle.

13 marksl

Section B120 marksl

Answer any one questions frorn this section-

(a) Figure 6 shows energ"y releasing process in a human muscle cell.

iiil1ili.Glucose ,.' ,: ,,..\ .',^'ii'

\ r1l'@ ilj\Procesb ]Q

i*rjj!i| i!r\'1-S.\ I\\WJ. ,i,iii j;,)r.t,

,/ "'i2 ATP ...

Explain how

Figure 6

processes P and Q occur in hdman muscle cells. [4 marks]

115

An athlete has just completed a 400 metre track event. His leg muscles are painful dueto muscle fatigue. The athlete then carries out the followi ng actions.o Wears a track suit. Takes a few long deeP breaths. Walks freely as a'cooling down'activityExplain why the athlete carries out these actions.

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Human and fish respiratory systems are adaptedCompare and explain the adaptions.

to function in their respective habitats.

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Figure 7(a) shows a reflex arc and Figure 7(b) shows the regulation of glucose in the blood.Both figures illustrate coordination systems in the human body.

Blood glucoselevel normalises

Figure 7(a)Glucose

tGlycogerl

From theheart

I

IAorta

I

To theheart

IVenacava

1

(b) Figure 7(c) shows the organs and glands involved in regulating the human body temperature.

Drop inenvironmentaltemperature-

_

\

A student skatesBased on Figure

Adrenal

Figure Z(c)on an ice skating rink.7(c), explain how regulation of the student's body

rtu

,,h)

temperature occurs.

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Section C[20 marhsl

Answer any orne questions from this section.

Mendel's First Law:A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the samelocus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be presentin a gamete.

lllustrate the above statements using the following cross:

Mice are pests to household properties and crops.An experiment to control mice population is conducted. In the experiment, a type ofchemical, K which causes mutation to the mice is use.

Discuss the control of mice population using the chemical K.[lO marksl

llfit

l(.fi1

3 (a)

(b)

Hypothalamus

Skin

ParentFemale

Black mouseX

Male

Black mouse

Il0 marks)

4 (a) Fieure 8(a) shows the different characteristics among members of a family.

Based on Figure B(a), identi$r the different characteristics among the family members. Discusshow the difference in characteristics is inherited.ftO marh,sl

(b) Fieure 8(b) shows a genetic pedigree of haemophilia in three generations.

ffiFigure 8(a)

XIIY XH)OGeneration I

Generation II

Generation III

Keys: h- Haemophilia alleleNormal male

Normal female

Carrier female

Haemophiliac female

statements mentioned, based on Figure g(b).[1O marks]

Ikan

ahl

! Uu"-ophiliac male

o@o

Figure 8(b)721

Haemophilia is a genetic disease that could be inherited and occurswithin a specific gender.

Inheritance of haemophilia can be prevented in a family.

State your opinion and explain both the

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