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Definition of MalnutritionMalnutrition is the condition that developswhen the body does not get the right amount
of the vitamins,minerals, and other nutrients itneeds to maintain healthy tissues and organfunction.
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Deficiency problem of nutrients
and diseases involve
Protein deficiency
Calcium deficiency, phosphorus deficiency andvitamin D deficiency
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Protein deficiency The most obvious sign of malnourishment are often
caused by protein deficiency
There are two extreme forms of protein deficiency:kwashiorkor and marasmus
In both cases, the mental and physical development ofthe child is severely impaired
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Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency diseasecaused by eating protein from a single source, such asrice or corn. The most obvious external symptom is
inflammation of the skin, evident here on the childsarms and legs
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Marasmus Marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of nearly all
nutrients, especially protein and carbohydrates.
The child becomes very thin, dry skin and loose skinfolds hanging over the buttocks and armpit
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Calcium deficiency, phosphorus
deficiency and vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D is an important vitamin in the control of
calcium and phosphate levels in the body. The active formof vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and
phosphate from the intestine and for their incorporationinto bone
Low levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus causemuscle aches and spasms, bone pain, and weakness. It also
lead to osteoporosis and osteomalacia
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Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia The cause of Osteomalacia is usually insufficient of
Vitamin D which prevents the normal mineralizationof calcium and phosphorous to build strong bones
Osteomalacia usually reveals itself in aches and pain inlumbar region of the spine (lower back) and mayspread to arms and ribs
Osteoporosis occurs when calcium intake is not
sufficient or if the body does not absorb enoughcalcium from the die
Osteoporosis, usually has no symptoms until there is abone fracture.
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Excessive intake problem of
nutrients Excessive intake of carbohydrates
Excessive intake of lipids
Excessive intake of minerals Excessive intake of vitamins
Excessive intake of proteins
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Excessive intake of carbohydrates The habit of consuming foods rich in carbohydrates will
bring about the onset of diabetes mellitus, obesity anddental caries.
Obese people tend to have high levels of cholestrol in theirblood This makes them face a higher risk of developing:-
-cardiovascular diseases-high blood pressure
-atherosclerosis and an increased risk of stroke and brainhaemorrhage
-diabetes mellitus-CANCERS
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Excessive intake of minerals Excessive intake of minerals and vitamins can also bring
about adverse effects on our health
Excessive salt and lack of water can lead the formation of
kidney stones The kidneys of people who lack exercise and do not
perspire work hard to remove excess salt. This will leadkidney failure.
Excess calcium can also increase the risk of kidney stoneformation
Excess ferum can lead to liver and kidney damage, toxicityand DEATH, especially among CHILDREN. (gg.com)
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Excessive intake of vitamins Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is not harmful
to the body. However, excess fat-soluble vitaminsdeposited in body fat over time.
Therefore, overdoses of fat-soluble vitamins will resultin many effects likes hair loss ,vomiting, kidneydamage and liver damage etc.
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Excessive intake of proteinsAn excessive intake of proteins can increase the uric
acid content in the blood
Uric acid forms crystals in the soft tissues of the joints.This condition leads to gout.
Uric acid can also crystallize and dorm stones in thekidney can cause kidney damage.
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THE END
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