GOVERNMENT OF SĀMOA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SPORTS & CULTURE BIOLOGY 2014 TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS (plus 10 minutes reading time) TOTAL MARKS: 200 Marker Code Student Education Number FA'AVAE I LE ATUA SAMOA SĀMOA SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET This examination has THREE COMPULSORY Sections. • SECTION A - MULTIPLE CHOICE 50 MARKS • SECTION B - RESTRICTED RESPONSE 130 MARKS • SECTION C - EXTENDED RESPONSE 20 MARKS 1. Answer all Questions in Sections A, B and C. 2. Write your Student Education Number in the right-hand box above and the flap page at the back of this booklet. 3. Write the Marker Code in the left-hand box above. 4. Answer SECTION A in the boxes provided. 5. Answer SECTION B and SECTION C in the spaces provided after every question. 6. Check that this Booklet contains pages 1 to 43 plus the flap page at the back. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION
44
Embed
BIOLOGY - mesc.gov.ws · BIOLOGY . 2014 . QUESTION and ANSWER ... D. Excretion . 3. Most PLANTAE are ... D. annelida • Section A contains 25 multiple choice questions worth 2 marks
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
GOVERNMENT OF SĀMOA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SPORTS & CULTURE
BIOLOGY
2014
TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS (plus 10 minutes reading time)
TOTAL MARKS: 200
Marker Code Student Education Number
FA'AVAE I LE ATUA SAM OA
SĀMOA SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET
This examination has THREE COMPULSORY Sections.
• SECTION A - MULTIPLE CHOICE 50 MARKS
• SECTION B - RESTRICTED RESPONSE 130 MARKS
• SECTION C - EXTENDED RESPONSE 20 MARKS
1. Answer all Questions in Sections A, B and C.
2. Write your Student Education Number in the right-hand box above and the flap page at the back of this booklet.
3. Write the Marker Code in the left-hand box above.
4. Answer SECTION A in the boxes provided.
5. Answer SECTION B and SECTION C in the spaces provided after every question.
6. Check that this Booklet contains pages 1 to 43 plus the flap page at the back.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION
2 SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE 50 MARKS INSTRUCTIONS 1. Algae, amoeba and paramecia belong to the Kingdom
A. Plantae. B. Animalia. C. Protista. D. Fungi.
2. The eight characteristics of all living things are abbreviated MRS C GREN. Which of the
following means living things are able to get rid of waste products from their bodies? A. Circulation B. Respiration C. Nutrition D. Excretion
3. Most PLANTAE are
A. cone bearing plants. B. ferns. C. flowering plants. D. mosses.
4. An invertebrate is an animal with no
A. appendages. B. backbone. C. segments. D. shell.
5. A(n) ______ is a soft-bodied invertebrate that has a mantle, a muscular foot and usually a
shell. A. cnidarian B. mollusc C. arthropoda D. annelida
• Section A contains 25 multiple choice questions worth 2 marks each.
• Write the letter of the BEST answer in the box provided.
• If you want to change your answer, CROSS off your first choice and write your
second choice clearly next to the box like this: B C.
10
page 2
3 6. Chikungunya is caused by a microorganism. Which of the following microorganisms is
responsible for this disease? A. Virus B. Flea C. Yeast D. Amoeba
7. Which of the following is the correct
definition for the word ‘vaccination’?
A. The growth of harmful micro-organisms in or on the body. B. The conversion of sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast. C. Injection with dead or weakened microbes to give immunity. D. The ability to prevent an infection occurring.
8. Animals like butterflies and frogs camouflage themselves to avoid predators.
This is an example of ______________ adaptation. A. functional B. behavioural C. structural D. attitude
9. When two organisms attempt to utilize the same resource, this relationship is
an example of A. commensalism B. mutualism C. competition D. parasitism
10. The cell organelle involved in energy production is
A. rough ER. B. chloroplast. C. lysosome. D. mitochondria.
11. Sina is investigating the concept of osmosis. She places a semi-permeable membrane in a
chamber of water. 80 milligrams of salt is added to the right side of the chamber. Which of the following will happen? A. Water will move toward the right side. B. Salt will move toward the right side. C. Water will move toward the left side. D. Salt will move toward the left side.
page 3
12
4 12. A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis and produces
A. two daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. B. two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each. C. four daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. D. four daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each.
13. The gene for curly hair (C) is dominant over straight hair (c). A woman who is
homozygous for curly hair marries a man who is also homozygous for curly hair. What genotype would their child be? A. CC B. Cc C. cc D. cC
14. During what phase of photosynthesis is O2 produced?
A. The light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II. B. The Calvin cycle. C. The Kreb's cycle. D. Carbon fixation.
15. Which part of the leaf contains the most important food manufacturing cell?
A. Part A B. Part B C. Part C D. Part D
16. In which region of the root is the apical meristem found?
A. Region of elongation. B. Region of maturation. C. Region of cell division. D. Root cap.
A
C B
d D
10
page 4
5 17. Which of the following lists the correct environmental conditions required for seed
germination to occur? A. Moisture, appropriate temperature and oxygen. B. Moisture, appropriate temperature and water. C. Moisture, appropriate temperature and carbon dioxide. D. Moisture, appropriate temperature and root.
18. Which of the following situations shows thigmotropism?
A. C. B. D.
19. Which of the following describes the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A. Food chains are simple while food webs are complex. B. Food chains involve only plants while food webs involve
both animals and plants. C. Food chains are complex while food webs are simple. D. Food chains include decomposers but food webs do not.
20. Different environmental factors are important for different organisms. Sunlight is an
example of what type of environmental factor? A. Photosynthesis B. Biotic C. Abiotic D. Habitat
8 page 5
6 21. Many studies have examined the role of dietary fats on blood cholesterol levels and the
risk of heart disease. Which of these essential nutrients when consumed excessively would increase the risk of heart disease? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Vitamins
22. Sina is conducting food testing for nutrients in various food items. In one test, she puts the
solution of food item to be tested in a test tube and adds an equal volume of 20% sodium hydroxide. Then she adds a few drops of 1% copper sulfate solution. A purple color appears. What food test is being carried out by Sina? A. Starch test B. Glucose test C. Protein test D. Lipids test
23. Another term for swallowing of food is
A. Digestion B. Ingestion C. Absorption D. Egestion
24. Gas exchange readily occurs between the alveoli and the adjacent capillaries because
A. there are specific pores to allow these gases to cross. B. energy is used to pump the gas. C. of the thin walls of the alveoli and the capillaries. D. the membranes are impermeable to carbon dioxide and water.
25. New invasive pest species can be removed by the use of a biological control.
A disadvantage of using a biological control is that it A. is readily available in nature. B. has the potential to become a pest. C. has no toxic effects on the environment. D. is specific and it only kills the target species.
10 page 6
7 SECTION B RESTRICTED RESPONSE 130 MARKS Instructions
• ALL questions are COMPULSORY. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
QUESTION ONE [25 MARKS] A. VARIETY OF LIFE 1. Living Things
Use the following images of four living things to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Which kingdom does organism A belong to?
__________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Which of the above is the simplest organism with a true nucleus?
__________________________________________ 1 mark (c) What is a main feature of organism C?
(a) Viruses are pathogenic, which means they cause diseases by damaging host cells. What structural feature is lacking in viruses that cause them to attach to a host cell?
___________________________________________ 1 mark
4
Page 7
A B C D
8
(b) Name a disease caused by a bacterium that can be controlled by the use of
antibiotic and/or vaccines. _____________________________________________ 1 mark
(c) Bacteria multiply by asexual reproduction very rapidly and double their numbers
every 20 minutes. What is this form of reproduction called? _____________________________________________ 1 mark
3.
Control of micro-organisms
Sina stepped on a sharp object and injured her toe, which later became infected. The activity of immune system cells at the site of infection is shown in the diagram given.
(a) Name the type of leucocyte X, and state its function in the body’s defence mechanism.
Name of X ________________________ 1 mark
Function ___________________________________________________________
1 mark (b) What is the level (or line) of defense illustrated in the diagram above?
_____________________________________________ 1 mark
1. Microscope and CellsUse the diagram of the microscope below to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Sina wants to view prepared slides of onion cells and human skin cells under the microscope. Which objective lens should Sina use to begin examining the prepared slides?
____________________________________________ 1 mark
(b) Sina is examining the prepared slides under 40X objective. Which focus adjustment knob should she use to focus the microscope?
____________________________________________ 1 mark
(c) What is the name of part K?
____________________________________________ 1 mark
3 Page 13
eye-piece
coarse focus knob
light source
fine focus knob
objective lenses (4X, 10X, 40X, 100X)
iris diaphragm
?
14 2. Plant and Animal Cells (a) The diagram shows the typical structure of a plasma membrane of a cell.
Name part X and state its function. Part X____________________________________________ 1 mark
1 mark (b) Which organelle contains genetic information? __________________________________________________________________
1 mark
3
Page 14
X
15 3. Respiration
Use the diagram of the process of respiration of a typical animal cell to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the TWO products of the Krebs cycle. Product one ___________________________________ 1 mark Product two ___________________________________ 1 mark
(b) Write an equation to represent the process of respiration. __________________________________________________________________
1 mark
(d) Yeasts are an important group of micro-organisms in the process of fermentation. Explain what fermentation means.
1 mark (c) Why are the processes of diffusion and osmosis referred to as passive transport? __________________________________________________________________
(a) Define the following terms in relation to enzyme action or working of an enzyme. (i) Active site ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
1 mark (ii) Substrate ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
1 mark
6
Page 16
17
Sina recorded the height of froth produced in the table given.
Temperature (0C)
Froth height (mm)
20 12 25 26 30 54 35 73 40 82 45 2
(b) Plot the data given in the table on a graph. 1 mark
1
Page 17
Sina conducted an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme peroxidase from an animal liver. She set up six test tubes as shown below, each with a weak hydrogen peroxide solution, in different temperatures. She then put crushed raw liver in each of the test tubes. Sina observed bubbles of gas (froth) forming.
20°C 25°C 30°C 35°C 40°C 45°C
ruler
froth crushed raw liver
Temperature (°C)
Frot
h he
ight
(mm
)
18
(c) From your graph on page 17, what is the optimum temperature for the peroxidase
enzyme in this experiment? ________________________________________________ 1 mark (d) What does the graph show above 400C?
(c) Which cell division, meiosis or mitosis, results in the production of gametes? ___________________________________ 1 mark (d) Explain the importance of mitosis and meiosis to any organism. Mitosis____________________________________________________________
1 mark Meiosis____________________________________________________________
1 mark 2. Mendelian Inheritance
(a) In pea plants, spherical seeds (S) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (s). Two plants
that are both heterozygous for the seed shape trait were crossed and produced offspring.
(i) Complete the punnet square to show the genotypes of their offspring.
2 marks
(ii) Based on the information from the punnet square, predict what fraction of the offspring would have spherical seeds.
_____________________________________ 1 mark
6
Page 19
20 (b) Humans have 46 total chromosomes as shown in the image below.
(i) What is the sex of the above individual? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i) above. ____________________________________________________________
1 mark
Pg 16 Pg 17 Pg 18 Pg 19 Pg 20
30
Q 2
1 6 + +
6 5 + +
2 =
Pg 14
3
Pg 15
4
+
Pg 13
3 +
21 QUESTION THREE PLANTS 1 [18 MARKS] 1. Photosynthesis
(a) Sina set up the experiment shown below using the materials identified to
investigate leaf pigments, important for photosynthesis. ` (i) Name the leaf pigment or molecule under investigation. ____________________________________
1 mark (ii) What is the function of this leaf pigment or molecule, in photosynthesis? ____________________________________
____________________________________
1 mark (iii) What is the purpose of the experiment?
(d) Xerophytes are plants that are able to grow in arid or dry environments. Explain how the following adaptation of xerophytes would reduce transpiration rates and enable the survival of these plants in arid regions.
Sunken stomata (stomata are found in pits (or cavities).
Use the diagram of the Ginger (fiu) given to answer Questions (a) and (b).
(a) What type of asexual reproduction is being shown by the image above? _______________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Name part X and describe its function in this type of asexual reproduction. Name of part X___________________________________ 1 mark
Function ___________________________________________________________
1 mark (c) State ONE disadvantage of asexual reproduction. __________________________________________________________________
1 mark
5
Page 26
X
27 3. Sexual Reproduction and Seed Development (a) The image shows the flower of a typical angiosperm.
(i) Which structures make up the male reproductive parts of the flower? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark (ii) Which flower part produces eggs? ____________________________________________ 1 mark
(b) The image given is of a typical insect-pollinated plant.
Describe ONE structural adaptation of an insect-pollinated flower to help ensure the insects transfer pollen between flowers.
1 mark (c) Another type of plant response is shown in the diagrams below.
What type of plant response is shown in the diagram above? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark
Q4
17 =
2 2
5 3
Pg 26 Pg 29 Pg 27 Pg 28 Pg 25
5 + + + +
30 QUESTION FIVE ANIMALS 1 [18 MARKS] 1. Nutrition
(a) Complete the table giving the correct name of the type of essential nutrient and its corresponding function.
Essential nutrient Function
Energy storage in plants and animals
Vitamin D
2 marks
(b) You are given Benedict’s solution and other materials by your Biology teacher to carry out a test to investigate the presence of a type of nutrient in a variety of food samples.
What type of essential nutrient are you testing for? ________________________________________________ 1 mark (c) The diagram below is that of a typical human digestive system.
(b) The diagram is showing the three main types of blood vessels in the human circulatory system.
(i) Give the correct terms for outer layer and middle layer. Outer layer ____________________________________ 1 mark
Middle layer ____________________________________ 1 mark (ii) What is the function of the valve in veins? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark (iii) What do the black arrows in the diagram indicate? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark
5
Pg 31
32 3. Gas Exchange
(a) Complete the following table which compares gas exchange and breathing.
Gas exchange Breathing
What it is? The chest action that causes air to enter the lungs
Where it occurs? Alveoli
2 marks (b) The diagram below shows the human respiratory system.
(i) Name parts X and Y. Part X _______________________________ 1 mark
Part Y ________________________________ 1 mark
(ii) What is the function of Y? ____________________________________________________________
1 mark
5
Pg 32
Y
X
33 4. Excretory System (a) Discuss the importance of excretory systems in animals. __________________________________________________________________
Use the diagram of the kidney and nephron structure to answer questions (b) and (c).
(b) What is the function of the nephron system? __________________________________________________________________
1 mark (c) List any TWO products or chemicals that are removed from the blood and enter the
kidney through the nephrons. __________________________________________________________________
1 mark (d) Excluding the kidney, name ONE other excretory organ. ___________________________________________________ 1 mark
4 5 5 4
P 33 P 32 P 30 P 31
+ + + = 18
Q5
34 QUESTION SIX ANIMALS 2 [22 MARKS] 1. Movement (a) Name ONE part of the body that voluntary muscles control. _________________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Describe the importance of movement for survival in animals. __________________________________________________________________
1 mark Study the shoulder joint shown below then answer the questions that follow.
(c) Name part X. _________________________________________ 1 mark (d) What is the function of part X? __________________________________________________________________
Movement is caused by the muscles of the skeleton, also called skeletal muscles. The human body contains over 400 skeletal muscles. These muscles are under our voluntary control.
Vertebrate animals such as humans have a skeleton on the inside of their bodies called an endoskeleton. The endoskeleton is made up of bones. Where two bones join is called a joint.
Alcohol is a poisonous chemical because it has properties similar to water and therefore alcohol will go to any place in the body that water goes. Large amounts taken quickly can kill a person.
Brain
1
Page 38
39
(a) Describe ONE immediate effect and ONE long term effect of alcohol on the BRAIN.
1 mark 6. Effect of exercise on the body (a) Describe the effect of exercise on the heart. __________________________________________________________________
• Well structured explanation (1) that has defined the topic well (1), giving at least two roles (2), clarified the process/es involved (1), and gave appropriate example/s (1).
6
• A response addressing only FIVE of what is expected for full marks above. 5 • A response addressing only FOUR of what is expected for full marks above. 4 • A response addressing only THREE of what is expected for full marks above. 3 • A response addressing only TWO of what is expected for full marks above. 2 • A response addressing only ONE of what is expected for full marks above. 1 • No response. 0
P40
6
41 B. Brief Notes and Examples (4 MARKS)
Explain TWO of the following and give an example for each.
• TWO concepts correctly defined with TWO correct examples 4 • ONE concept correctly defined with TWO correct examples • TWO concepts correctly defined with ONE correct example
3
• ONE concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • TWO concepts correctly defined with NO correct example
2
• ONE concept correctly defined with NO correct example 1 • NO concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • NO concept defined with NO examples
0
C1
10 =
P40
4
P41
6 +
• Lock and key model of enzyme action.
• Effects of nutrient deficiencies, incorrect diet and eating disorders on humans.
• Effects of smoking on the body.
• Increased risks of heart disease due to the different lifestyle factors.
• Our body’s first and second lines of defence.
• Importance of osmosis and diffusion.
42 QUESTION TWO PLANTS [10 MARKS] A. Paragraph Writing (6 MARKS) Select ONE of the following topics to write a paragraph. EITHER (a) Discuss how the processes of transpiration and photosynthesis are interrelated. OR (b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants.
• Well structured explanation (1) that has defined the topic well (1), giving two effects (2), clarified the process/es involved (1) and gave appropriate example/s (1).
6
• A response addressing only FIVE of what is expected for full marks above. 5 • A response addressing only FOUR of what is expected for full marks above. 4 • A response addressing only THREE of what is expected for full marks above. 3 • A response addressing only TWO of what is expected for full marks above. 2 • A response addressing only ONE of what is expected for full marks above. 1 • No response. 0
P42
6
43 B. Brief Notes and Examples (4 MARKS)
Select any TWO from the following list and briefly write what you know and give an example for each.
• TWO concepts correctly defined with TWO correct examples 4 • ONE concept correctly defined with TWO correct examples • TWO concepts correctly defined with ONE correct example
3
• ONE concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • TWO concepts correctly defined with NO correct examples
2
• ONE concept correctly defined with NO correct example 1 • NO concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • NO concept defined with NO examples
0
• What is a seed, what is a fruit? • Types of environmental stimuli that
plants respond to. • Asexual reproduction in plants.
• The process of seed germination. • Difference between the structure
and function of wind and insect pollinated flowers.