Biology, Friday, September 29 - DR. WAGNER ... cmassengale Cell Membrane • Helps to maintain homeostasis - balance in the cell • The plasma membrane is selectively permeable –

Biology, Friday, September 29

• On page 62 of your INB, in the top box,write the following questions on the left and answer it on the right.

What is the function of the cell

membrane?

Your Answer Here

Micrographs from the lab!

Monica-5

Eric - 5

Pamela-3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ptmlvtei8hw

Introduction to cell membrane and transport

• On page 91 in your notebook:• Watch this video• Write down 3 interesting and

important things from the video

The Cell Theory and Membrane Transport

Page 73 Highlight with purpose:

HEADINGSIMPORTANT WORDS

VOCABULARY

THE CELL• A CELL IS A

MEMBRANE BOUND STRUCTURE THAT IS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

THE CELL• THE FIRST PERSON

TO OBSERVE LIVING CELLS WAS A DUTCH MICROSCOPE MAKER, ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

THE CELL THEORY

1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE CELLS

THE CELL THEORY

2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM

THE CELL THEORY

3. CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS

(cells come from othercells)

Write a question!WWrite

•You have 2 minutes to write a question on the left column of your notebook.

•Level 3 words:Apply, Build, Choose, Construct, Discover, Examine, Inspect, Group, Dinstinguish, Relationships, Conclude

EXTRA NOTES•You can put an X next to the Fluid Mosaic Model

• Take the following notes in the space on the right

12

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is flexible.

Also known as the Plasma Membrane

copyright cmassengale

Cell Membrane

• Helps to maintain homeostasis -balance in the cell

• The plasma membrane is selectively permeable – it will control what enters and leaves the cell

Cell MembraneComponents

MEMBRANE LIPIDS

• PHOSPHOLIPID:– HAS A POLAR HEAD– 2 NON-POLAR TAILS

(fatty acid tails)– REMEMBER: – Polar means uneven

charges– What molecule is Polar?

Draw This!

MEMBRANE LIPIDS

• PHOSPHOLIPID:– HYDROPHILIC Head=

CLOSE TO WATER AS POSSIBLE

– HYDROPHOBIC Tail = FAR AWAY FROM WATER AS POSSIBLE

Hate H2O

LIPID BILAYER

• THE CELL IS SURROUNDED BY WATER

• WATER MOLECULES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

Outside of cell

Inside of cell

LIPID BILAYER

• H20 MOLECULES CAUSE THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS TO FORM 2 LAYERS…LIPID BILAYER!

• PHOSPHOLIPID HEAD FACE OUTWARD & TAILS INWARD

Write a question!WWrite

•You have 2 minutes to write a question on the left column of your notebook.

•Level 3 words:Apply, Build, Choose, Construct, Discover, Examine, Inspect, Group, Dinstinguish, Relationships, Conclude

Exit Ticket

• Explain how the structure of the phospholipid results in a lipid bilayer that makes up the plasma membrane.

(words you might use: polar,nonpolar, hydrophilic, hydrophobic)

Biology, Monday, October 2

• On page 62 of your INB, in the fourth box, write the following questions on the left and answer it on the right.

Where do cells come from?

Your Answer Here

Integral Proteins• Proteins THAT ARE EMBEDDED INTO THE

LIPID BILAYER– CAN BE EXPOSED TO THE INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE OF THE CELL

• OFTEN CARBS ATTACHED TO INTEGRAL PROTEINS

• EXPOSED TO THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT• THE CARBOHYDRATES CAN:

– HOLD ADJOINING CELLS TOGETHER– ACT AS SITES WHERE VIRUSES OR CHEMICAL

MESSAGES CAN ATTACH (EX. HORMONES)• INTEGRAL PROTEINS CAN FORM CHANNELS OR

PORES • USED FOR

TRANSPORT

PERIPHERAL PROTEINS:

• LOCATED ON BOTH INTERIOR & EXTERIOR SURFACES OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

• Act as partners ofother proteins

Movement Across the MembranePassive Transport:

1. Diffusion AND 2. Osmosis• Requires No Energy• Movement of like

species from area of high concentration to low

Movement Across the MembraneActive Transport:• Movement from an area of LOW

concentration to an area of HIGHconcentration

1. Na+/K+ Pump2. Endocytosis/Exocytosis3. Requires Energy• Movement from an area of LOW

concentration to an area of HIGHconcentration

With your time left

• Complete the student choice page on p. 72 about the cell membrane

• You may not do a concept map

Closing

• Parking Lot: On a sticky note,write your name and then write:

•A question you have about the cell membrane

OR•Something you know about the cell membrane

Biology, Wed., October 4

• Staple the blank box page on top of page 62. Write the following question in the top left box and write your answer below.

Where do cells come from?

Your Answer Here

Complete Your Measurements

• Read Day 2 procedures in your lab• Remember:

– Dry off your grapes before you weigh them

– Record your data in the table– After you do your calculations, Share your percent change data with Dr. Wagner

Calculations

Thus if Day 1 Mass = 5.6g and Day 2 Mass = 5.0 g then:

Graphing• After you have filled out your entire data table, graph your

results. • You should make a bar graph, with the bars graphed so that

Day 1 and Day 2 for each solution are next to each other.

Complete Your Measurements

• Read Day 2 procedures in your lab• Remember:

– Dry off your grapes before you weigh them

– Record your data in the table– After you do your calculations, Share your percent change data with Dr. Wagner

Tuesday, Oct. 10 Exit Ticket

• Explain why disturbing or sabotaging another classes experiments in wrong.

• Your answer must be in complete sentences and at least 3 sentences long.

Tuesday, October 10

• In the middle top box on page 62, extra sheet, write the following question and your answer below.

Explain two differences

between active and passive transport?

Your Answer Here

Diffusion – why is it important?

https://www.ck12.org/biology/kidneys/rwa/Dirty-Blood/

Permeability of the Cell Membrane-REVIEW: Selectively Permeable:What can cross the cell membrane?

Permeability of the Cell Membrane

p. 75

Passive Transport• Diffusion = movement of like species from

high [ ] to low [ ]. [] = concentration

Which way will the solute go?

Question:What’s in a Solution?

Answer:

• solute + solvent solution

• NaCl + H20 saltwater

• Kool-aid powder + H20 Kool-Aid

Passive Transport

• Ion Channels = a specialized membrane movement of K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and Na+ ions.

Facilitated Diffusion = process is used for molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through

the cell membrane.

• Osmosis = movement of a solvent (usuallywater) from area of high[] to low [] across selectively permeable membrane

Higher Concentrationof Water

Water molecules

Lower Concentrationof Water

Sugar molecules

Thursday, October 12• In the top right box on page 62, extra sheet, write the following question and your answer below.

What is the difference

between diffusion and facilitated

diffusion?

Your Answer Here

Parking Lot Questions

• What would happen if a cell did not have active or passive diffusion?

• What is the relationship between ion channels and facilitated diffusion?

Examples of Facilitated Diffusion

• Transporters

• Ion Channels

HYPOTONIC:

• [ ] of dissolved substances is lower outside cell than inside cell

• Water goes to where the particles are

• HYPO means “below strength”

• Water will move INTO cell causing it to SWELL

• HYPO-SWELL

HYPOTONIC:

• Cells could rupture if the cell takes in too much water – known as CYTOLYSIS or LYSIS

• In plant cells, this increases pressure inside of cell (TURGOR PRESSURE)

• Why?

Hypotonic•A solution with a lower solute concentrationcompared to another solution.

3% Na97% H2O

Red Blood Cell

1% Na99% H2O

solution

Which way will the water move?

• [ ] of dissolved substances is higher outside the cell, lower inside cell

• HYPER means “above strength”

• Water goes to where the particles are

• H2O rushes OUT of cell causing it to SHRIVEL or SHRINK

• HYPER-SHRINK

HYPERTONIC:

• Can result in PLASMOLYSIS in plants which causes wilting

• HYPER KIDS GO OUT TO PLAY!!!

HYPERTONIC:

Hypertonic•A solution with a greater soluteconcentration compared to another solution.

3% NaCl97% H2O

Red Blood Cell

5% NaCl95% H2O

solution

Which way will the water move?

• [ ] of dissolved substances is the same on the outside as the inside of the cell

• No net movement of water

ISOTONIC

• ISO- means “equal to ”

• Movement into cell = movement out of cell

ISOTONIC

Isotonic•A solution with an equal solute concentration compared to another solution.

3% Na97% H2O

Red Blood Cell

3% Na97% H2O

solution

Which way will the water move?

Osmosis Problems, Page 74Due FRIDAY

75

45

EXIT TICKET•Explain the difference between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic through a thinking map (you must also include illustrations of the cell in these states)

PARKING LOT

• Put your name on a sticky note • I have a question about osmosis or diffusion…..ORI know this about diffusion/osmosis

• Put your sticky note on the PARKING LOT

Friday, October 13

• In the left box, second row, on page 62, extra sheet, write the following question and your answer below.

What is plasmolysis and cytolysis?

Your Answer Here

Active Transport• Requires both energy, in the form of ATP

(Adenosine Triphosphate), and protein pumps

Active Transport

• Endocytosis = the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles.– Pinocytosis = water– Phagocytosis =

particles (solids)

• Exocytosis = the process by which cells remove fluids, macromolecules, and large particles.

Na/ K+ pumpsHelps maintain the Sodium and Potassium concentration gradients inside and outside of the cell

Step 1: 3 Na+ ions attach to high level binding siteStep 2: ATP is hydrolyzed, transferring a Phosphate to the pump

Na/ K+ pumps Step 3: The pump changes shape—moving Na+ ouside!Step 4: Na+ break off & 2 K+ bind to siteStep 5: Phosphate (P) is hydrolyzed, 3 changing the ATP to ADP

Na/ K+ pumps

Step 6: Pump changes shape and K+ attach to low level binding siteStep 7: K+ leave and cycle starts again!!!

Transport Summary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-icEADP0J4

• As you watch the video, answer the questions onthe sheet your teacher gives you.

• Staple this page on page 75

HOMEWORK

•3-4 level 4 questions on page 75

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL• USED TO DESCRIBE THE CELL MEMBRANE • THE LIPID BILAYER (aka: Cell Membrane)

BEHAVES MORE LIKE A FLUID THAN A SOLID• THIS ALLOWS FOR A LATERAL MOVEMENT

PROTEINS W/I THE LIPID BILAYER• PATTERN IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING!