A complete BIOLOGY SPM exam focus ,marking scheme included. Made BIOLOGY learning easier!
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SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
3.1 Movement Of Substances Across The Across The Plasma Membrane
1. (a) Figure 4 shows the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure.
Trial Kelantan 2010 Trial Johor 2011
No Marking scheme Marks(a) Name the component of membrane
Plasma membrane 1 1(b) Name the structures M, N, X , Y and Z.
P: Phospholipids Bilayer (State the component of structure P) Trail Pahang 09
S: Hydrophilic head
Q :Carrier protein
R :Pore protien
Z: Hydrophobic tails
11111 4
(c)Trial Melaka 2009
Explain the main function of P
Acts as a barrier between the internal and external environment of the cell // Allows only Specific molecules to pass through it // provide the structural basis for all cell membrane.
SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
Note: All the question refer to the Diagram 1 No Marking scheme Marks(d) The Plasma membrane is said to be semi premable membrane
What is the meaning of ‘semi-preamble’ membrane Trial Kedah 2008 Negeri Sembilan 2011
A semi-permeable plasma membrane is a membrane that allows only certain substances to
Move freely across it.1 1
(e) State main component of layer P Kedah Trial 2011
Lipid /Protein 1 1
(f) (f) Explain the causes that make plasma membrane have fluidity structure [kedah2008]
P1-fluidity characteristics are caused by the protein molecules which are floating in the phospholipids bilayer.P2- the positions of the molecules also keep on changing / not fixed in the position.
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(g) Molecule P move across the plasma membrane follow the concentration gradient Whereas
Molecule Q move across structure X against the concentration gradient
Name the process of movement substances across the plasma membrane as shown in
molecule P, Q molecule R
Molecule P: Facilitated diffusion
Molecule Q: Simple diffusion /osmosis
Molecule R: Active transport
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(h) Give one example of particle that move through P,Q and R Trial Wilayah Persekutuan
R: Glucose /amino acid
P: Water /carbon dioxide/oxygen /small lipid soluble
Q: Natrium /Potassium
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(i) What type of passive transport occur at Q
Simple diffusion
(j) State two feature of the particle that enables it to pass through the phospholipids bilayers of the
cell membrane
P1- Small
P2- Soluble to phospholipids bilayer/lipid soluble
SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
No Marking scheme Marks(a) Essay Enhancement Coner
All movements of substances have to pass through a plasma membrane. Explain why the
plasma membrane is known as a semi permeable membrane
P1- it only allows the passage of certain molecules and limits the passage of other molecules.
P2-It consists of two layers of phospholipids with protein molecules scattered in them
P3-Molecules that can pass through the plasma membrane easily are those that can dissolve
in lipid and small uncharged molecules.
P4- Molecules which cannot move through the plasma membrane but require proteins include
large molecules that do not dissolve in lipid and small charged molecules.
P5 Channel protein does not require the binding of a molecule and conformational change to
open.
P6Channel protein allows molecules to steadily diffuse across the membrane through
diffusion.
P7However a carrier protein allows specific molecules to cross the cell membrane by
undergoing a conformational change upon the binding of the molecule.
P8 The conformational change opens a hole through which the molecule can enter or leave a
cell.
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(b) The figure below shows a fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane
Explain the functions of the structures X, Y and Z in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane
P1- Structure X allows hydrophobic molecules which can dissolve in lipids such as fatty acids, glycerol, steroid hormones, and vitamins A, D, E and K to move in and out of the cell.
P2-Structure Y allows bigger molecules which do not dissolve in lipids like glucose and
amino acids to move in and out of the cell.
P3-Structure Z allows small charged molecules to move in and out of the cell.
SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
Type of solution Question & Marking Scheme
Solution A
Trail Johor 2011
(a) Based on the diagram, name the term use to describe the following/State the properties of the following solution/state the type of solutionHypotonic/’hypotonic solution
(b) State the condition of the cell in the following solution Turgid
(c) Explain the effect of the following solution to plant cell/ Explain what will happen to this cellular componentF1- This cellular component/ plasma membrane is pushed against the cell wall
F2-The distilled water /solution is hypotonic to the cell sap
E1-Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell sap // cell sap hypertonic to distilled water
E2- Water molecule diffuses into the cell by osmosis
E3-Vacuole Expand /swell up
E4- the cell are highly turgid /Any 3
Solution C (a) Based on the diagram, name the term use to describe the following/State the properties of the following solution/ state the type of solutionHypertonic/Hypertonic solution
(b) State the condition of the cell in the following solution Flaccid
(c) Name a physical process of plant cell in solution C Plasmolysis
(d) Explain the effect of the following solution to plant cell/ Explain what will happen to this cellular componentP1-The …solution is hyper tonic to cell sap
P2-Water molecule diffuses out of the large central vacuole by osmosis
P3-the plasma membrane pull away from the cell wall
P4-Plant cell become flaccid /any3Type of solution Question & Marking Scheme
Solution B (a) Based on the diagram, name the term use to describe the following/State the properties of the following solution/ state the type of solutionIsotonic/ Isotonic solution
(b) Explain the effect of the following solution to plant cell/ Explain what will happen to this cellular componentP1-the solution outside the cell is isotonic to the cell sap
SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
Solution L
Trial Kedah 2008
State what your observe( / )before P1Normally get 1 marks
(a) Name a physical process that causes the changes in erythrocyte cells L and M.
/state the type of solution
crenation
(b) What are the characteristics /properties of the solutions used to soak :// state the type of solution(must have word SOLUTION)Hypertonic
(c) State the condition of the cell
Haemolysed
(c) Explain the effect of the following solution to plant cell/ Explain what will
happen to this cellular component/ Explain what happen on the red blood cells
in solution L/ Explain the phenomena(state the phenomena)
P1-The solution is hypertonic to the red blood cell
P2-Water molecule diffuses out of the cells by osmosis
P3-creanation occurs
No Marking scheme Marks(a) Use a tick (/) in the correct column to identify solution L and solution M
Name of solution Distilled water 10% salt solution
Solution L /
Solution M /
Explain why paramecium has to pump its contractile vacuole when placed in 0.25 sucrose
solution
P1-0.25%sucrose solution is hypotonic to cytoplasm
P2-Water diffuses into that paramecium through osmosis
P3-Excess water has to be expelled, otherwise the paramecium will burst
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(b) Cells P is mixed with detergent. The detergent dissolves lipids.After 10 minutes, the mixture is examined under a microscope; no cells P were seen but the mixture turn red and cloudy.Explain why?
P1- Detergent dissolves the lipid in the plasma membrane.P2- Plasma membrane disintegrate/destroyedP3- Cytoplasm (of red blood cell) mix into the solutionP4- Cell P is haemolysed AYN 3
SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the
Substances2013
No Marking scheme Marks(a) Name the process that is occurs in the diagram
Osmosis 1 1
(b) What is the factors that affects that direction in (a)(i)
Relative concentration (of solute) inside and outside the cell 1 1
(c) Give an explanation what will happen to the plant of there is no water
P1-soil become hypertonic
P2-water molecule diffuses out of the root cell by osmosis
P3-the plant cell become flaccid
P4-the plant become wilt
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(d) Explain the condition of plant after being spread with excess fertilizers
P1-excess fertilizers cause the soil becomes hypertonic
P2-water diffuses out from (cell) via osmosis
P3-palnt cell loses water and cells are plasmolysed
P4-hence plant wilt
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(e) A Chemical substance inhibits the respiration process in the root hairs cells of the plant.Explain the effect to the transport of the mineral ions into the root hair cells of the plantP1: The cell unable to produce energy // energy is not generated
P2: Active transport does not occur.
P3: Thus, mineral ions cannot be transported into the cell. /any 2