Biological control of Aflatoxins Peter J. Cotty, Agricultural Research Service, USDA University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan, Nigeria Breakout Session 4 on Food Security Science Forum 2013 Nutrition and health outcomes: targets for agricultural research, Bonn, Germany, 23‒25 September 2013
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Biological control of Aflatoxins
Peter J. Cotty,
Agricultural Research Service, USDA
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
Ibadan, Nigeria
Breakout Session 4 on Food Security
Science Forum 2013
Nutrition and health outcomes: targets for agricultural research, Bonn, Germany, 23‒25 September 2013
Opportunity Aflatoxins are highly toxic cancer causing fungal metabolites that contaminate crops and impact human health, development, and income throughout the warm production regions.
With a single biological control technology aflatoxins can be reduced and eventually eliminated on treated crops, rotation crops, and throughout the environment. $50 million over the next decade will be used to adapt and disseminate this technology across sub-Saharan Africa.
Aflatoxin prevention will have health and economic impacts throughout the warm regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.
One Technology Many Benefits This technology will reduce aflatoxins in all susceptible crops (Groundnut, Maize, Chilies, etc.) both prior to and after harvest.
Protection remains with the crop until it is actually consumed.
The technology is adaptable to any target location.
Does not assert selective pressure on aflatoxin producers.
The technology works every time and is Less Expensive than sampling a small holders field and analyzing it for aflatoxins.
Removes the need to increase and maintain host resistance to aflatoxins during the process of selecting high yielding cultivars.
Resistance to aflatoxin contamination has been sought for over 3 decades in both groundnut and maize without development of commercially acceptable cultivars.
During Crop Development
Irrigation, Weed Control, Fertilize
Best cultivars, Insect Control
During transport
Rapid, Dry, No Damage
During Processing
Sort, Cull, Discard, Add binders.
During Storage
Dry, prevent moisture, cool
Prevent damage: insects, rodents
Prevent Formation of Dangerous Aflatoxin Levels
Protect Crops Until Use
A single application at 10 kg/hectare is
enough to consistently reduce aflatoxins
in maize, groundnut, and other crops.
Nigeria
Biological Control: One Action by the Farmer Reduces Aflatoxins under all Conditions
As Applied
After
Fungal Growth
Either Sorghum, Wheat,
or Barley are used.
The grain is killed by
cooking before use.
Sorghum is used in
Africa.
Afl
ato
xin
B1 (
ng
/g X
10,0
00
)
Isolates (%) in Applied Atoxigenic Strain
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 20 40 60 80 100
Dots Represent Values
for Replicate Plots
Aflatoxin in Crop versus Atoxigenic Incidence
Cotty, 1994. Phytopathology:1270-1277.
www.iita.org
MAIZE: Aflatoxin reduction (%)
Stage 2009 2010 2011 2012
Harvest 82 94 83 93
Storage 92 93 x x
PEANUT: Aflatoxin reduction (%)
Stage 2009 2010 2011
Harvest - 95 82
Storage 100 80 x
Results from 482
on-farm trials
71% and 52% carry-over of
inoculum 1 & 2 years after
application
Crops are Protected in the Field and During Storage Aflatoxin reduction after 4 months poor storage (Field Treated Crops – Nigeria)
0
200
400
600
800
Birnin Gwari Lere Maigana Pampaida
Afl
ato
xin
(p
pb
) Control
Treated
96
14
271
49
646
17
171
9
85% 82% 99% 95%
% reduction in aflatoxin content in treated fields over control