Viruses & viroids don’t fit in any category • Study of 1 or 2 organisms is not enough to know vital features of a group. • All kinds of organisms do not occur in one locality. • Helps in knowing the relationship between the different groups of organisms. • Helps in knowing the evolutionary relationship between organisms. 2 Kingdom 3 Kingdom 4 Kingdom 5 Kingdom Plants Animals Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Number of organisms & specificity PLANTAE (Multicellular, eukaryotic) ANIMALIA (Multicellular, eukaryotic) FUNGI (Multicellular, eukaryotic) PROTISTA (Eukaryotic, Unicellular and Multicellular) EUBACTERIA (Unicellular, prokaryotic) ARCHAEBRACTERIA (Unicellular, prokaryotic) Biological Classification - Part I Arrangement of organisms in hierarchical series based on similarities & dissimilarities Biological Classification Introduction to Biological Classification First Attempt of Classification Biological Classification Levels of Classification Need for Biological Classification Key Features of Systems Classified organisms into 2 kingdoms Added Protists: Lacked capability of tissue differentiation Added Monera: EM studies showed prokaryotes possess different nuclear structure Separate group of Fungi. Classified on the basis of 5 criteria. 3 domains divided into 6 kingdoms Given by Linnaeus in 1758 • Plantae • Animalia Given by Ernst & Haeckel in 1866 • Protista • Plantae • Animalia Given by Copeland in 1956 • Monera • Protista • Plantae • Animalia Given by RH Whittaker in 1969 • Monera • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia Given by Carl Woese in 1990 Domains Kingdoms Archaea Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Bacteria Eukarya 6 Kingdom Types of Classification System Herb Shrub Tree Aristotle Enaima Anaima
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Biological Classi˜cation - Part I · 2020. 7. 14. · Cocci Bacilli Vibrio Spirillum Filament Budded Stalked Monera (Monos – single) Includes prokaryotes Protista Single-celled
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Viruses & viroids don’t �t in any category
• Study of 1 or 2 organisms is not enough to know vital features of a group.• All kinds of organisms do not occur in one locality.• Helps in knowing the relationship between the di�erent groups of organisms.• Helps in knowing the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
2 Kingdom
3 Kingdom
4 Kingdom
5 Kingdom
Plants Animals
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Number of organisms &
specificity
Viruses & viroids don’t �t in any category
PLANTAE(Multicellular,
eukaryotic)
ANIMALIA(Multicellular,
eukaryotic)FUNGI
(Multicellular,eukaryotic)
PROTISTA(Eukaryotic, Unicellular
and Multicellular)
EUBACTERIA(Unicellular, prokaryotic)
ARCHAEBRACTERIA(Unicellular, prokaryotic)
Biological Classi�cation - Part I
Arrangement of organisms in hierarchical series based on similarities & dissimilaritiesBiological Classi�cation
Introduction to Biological Classi�cation
First Attempt of Classi�cation Biological Classi�cation
Levels of Classi�cationNeed for Biological Classi�cation
Key Features of Systems
Classified organisms into 2 kingdoms
Added Protists: Lacked capability of tissue differentiation
Added Monera: EM studies showed prokaryotes possess different nuclear structure
Separate group of Fungi. Classified on the basis of 5 criteria.
3 domains divided into 6 kingdoms
Given by Linnaeus in 1758• Plantae• Animalia
Given by Ernst & Haeckel in 1866• Protista• Plantae• Animalia
Given by Copeland in 1956• Monera• Protista• Plantae• Animalia
Given by RH Whittaker in 1969• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia
Consists of multicellular eukaryotic animals.Animalia
Consists of green, brown and red algae, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed plantsPlantae
Biological Classi�cation - Part IIIPlantae & Animalia
• Walled, multicellular & frequently vacuolated• Plastids (photosynthetic pigment) present• Motility: Non-motile & live, anchored to a substrate• Reproduction: Asexual & sexual Form multicellular embryo Algae lack embryo stage• Life cycle: Show alternation of generation
• Body symmetry: Asymmetrical, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry• Nature of coelom: Coelomate, acoelomate• Arrangement of cells of embryonic layers: Diploblastic & triploblastic• Notochord: Chordate, non-chordate• Patterns of organ systems: Digestive system (incomplete & complete framework), circulatory system (open & closed type), reproductive system framework• Segmentation: External & internal segments with serial repetition of some organs• Levels of organization: Cellular level, tissue level, organ level & organ framework level
Algae
Conifers Flowering plants
Mosses Ferns
Features of Kingdom Plantae
Classi�cation in Kingdom Plantae
Body symmetry: Asymmetrical, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetryBasis of Classi�cation in Kingdom Animalia
Varieties in Kingdom Plantae
Classi�cation SystemINDEXCryptogamae
Phanerogamae
Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Attributes & Hierarchy Patterns of Kingdom Animalia Classi�cation System