J A W A P A N b o l e h d i d a p a t i d i l a m a n w e b w w w . a f t e r s c h o o l . m y J A W A P A N b o l e h d i d a p a t i d i l a m a n w e b w w w . a f t e r s c h o o l . m y
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Y : Carrier proeinZ : Channel proein / pore proein
I is composed o wo layers o phospholipids
Acs as a barrier beween he inernal and exernal environmen o he cell// Allows only specic molecules o pass hrough i// provide he srucural basis or all cell membrane.
A semi-permeable plasma membrane is a membrane ha allows only cerainsubsances o move reely across i.
Acive ranspor is a movemen o subsances / molecules / ions agains heconcenraion gradien / rom low o high concenraion across he plasmamembrane wih he help o carrier proein and energy / AP.
P1 – here is no upake o ions by roo cellsP2 – meabolic poisons kill/ damaged he (roo) cellsP3 – no energy/ AP is produced
F1 : no / less secreion lipaseE1:no/incompletelipiddigestionF2 : no / less secreion amylaseE2:no/lessstarchdigestionF3 : no / less secreion rypsin
E3:no/lessproteindigestion
F4 : No insulin releasedE4:thebloodglucoselevelhighF5 : No glucagon releasedE5:thebloodglucoselevellow(Any4Fand4E)
1. Avoid / Reduce he inake o oily ood2. Avoid / Reduce he inake o carbohydraes /sugar3. Reduce he inake o proein4. Injecions o insulin5. Pancreas implanaion
Any 4
Max 2
4
2oal 12
4a)
b)(i)
(ii)
c)(i)
(ii)
d)
Q : MiochondriaR : Golgi body/apparaus
Funcion o Q: o generae energy / sies o cellular respiraion
-Has ribosomes embedded on is surace-synhesizes and ranspors proein made by ribosomes
o ge rid o sains on clohes:F1- biological deergens conain proeases, amylases and lipasesP1- proeases acs on sains conaining proeins / blood / salivaP2- amylases acs on sains conaining sarch / sauces / ice cream/gravy P3- lipases are eecive in removing oil and grease (F1 & any P1/P2/P3)
Helping o enderize mea:F1 – Proease acs on proein in meaP1 – enderize / soens mea
- ‘lock and key hypohesis’.- Te subsrae is he ‘key’ ha s ino he enzyme ‘lock’- Te subsrae molecule s ino he acive sie o he enzyme
molecule.- orms he enzyme-subsrae complex.- he enzyme changes he subsrae o is produc.- Te produc leaves he acive sie.- Te enzyme is no alered by he reacion and i can be reused.
P1 - When an impulses arrives in he axon erminalP2- i simulaes (synapic) vesicles o move owards and bind wih
he presynapic membraneP3 -Te vesicles use / release he neuroransmiter ino he synapseP4 -Te neuroransmiter molecules move across he synapse o he dendrie
o anoher neuroneP5 -Simulaed o rigger a new impulses which ravels along he
neurone
M : Sensory recepor // nger ipN:Eector//musclestissues
1. Accomodaion o he eye2. Producion o saliva
1. Te nerve impulse will no be sen rom aeren neurone o heeecor
2. Te eecor / muscles will no conrac3. Te hand will no be removed immediaely rom he needle. (Any one )
Pl- endons, ligamens, bones, muscles and joins are imporan eaures in amovemen,
P2- endons connec muscles o bones
P3- endons are srong and non elasicP4- Force is ranserred o bones hrough endons.P5- Movemen a he join is possible wih he aid o ligamens.P6- Ligamens connec wo bones ogeherP7- o give suppor and srengh o he join.P8- Ligamens are srong and elasic.P9- Te quadriceps / exensor muscles conrac while he biceps
emoris muscles relax and he leg is sraighened.P10- Te biceps emoris muscles conrac while he quadriceps /
exensor muscles relax and he leg is ben.P11- Cal muscles conrac o li up he heels.
P12- Fee push downward and backwardP13- Repeaed conracion and relaxaion o muscles resul in he running movemen.
P6: Woody plans have specialised issues/sclerenchyma issues/xylem vessels/
racheids o give hem suppor;P7: Tese issues have cellulose walls which have deposis o lignin or added srengh.P8: Sclerenchyma cells have very hick walls (which do no allow waer o pass hrough).P9: (Tese cells are dead cells and) heir uncion is o pro¬vide suppor or he plan.P10: Xylem vessels have hick walls o lignin which are deposied during he plan’s
secondary growh.P11: Te lignied xylem vessels orm he woody issues o he sem.P12: Tis makes he plan sronger and also provides suppor or he plan.P13: racheids are also dead cells wih hick walls and very small diameers.P14: Tey are ound wih he xylem vessels and ogeher hey suppor he plans.
F: Siamese winP1: One sperm and one ovum are involve in erilizaionP2: o produce one/single zygoeP3: zygoe undergoes miosis repeaedly o orm blasocysP4: blasocys does no divide compleely
P5: Te wo blasocys implan/embedded ino endomerium wall anddevelop o embryo)P6: hey are joined a cerain par o he body (F wih any 5P) F: Downs’s SyndromeP1: due o he ailure o he wo homologous chromosome number 21
o separae normally P2: during anaphase 1/meiosis 1P3: produce a gamee wih a pair o homologous chromosome number
21P4: when above gamee use/erilized wih he normal gamees i
produces a zygoe wih a hree chromosome number 21. (F wih any 3P)
Geneic acorsF1: Crossing over during prophase 1/meiosis 1P1:occur beween chromaid rom a pair o homologous chromosomesP2: he exchange o pars beween chromaid resuls in new geneic combinaion.P3: produced a large number o gamees wih dieren geneic composiion.F2: independen assormenP4:homologous par o chromosome are arranged randomly on meaphase plae/
during meaphase 1
P5: during anaphase 1, each homologous pair o chromosomes separae.P6:resuling in an independen assormen o maernal and paernal
chromosomes ino daugher cells
F3: Random erilizaionP7: sperms and ovum wih a variey o combinaions o
chromosomes/geneically dieren are randomly erilized.P8: Tus, variaion exiss beween individuals rom he same
species//zygoe produces will have a variey o diploidcombinaion.
P9:muaion causes permanen change in he geneic composiion /genoype o an organismF4: Muaion
EnvironmentalfactorF1: (can cause variaion among individuals a same species) by ineracing wihgeneic acor.P: examples o acors; a leas 2 ypes - ood/exercise/skill/ experience/educaion/sunligh/climaic
Any 9 rom geneic acor And any 1 rom environmen acors
-Greenhouse eec.-Greenhouse eec happens as carbon dioxide is released o heamosphere due o ores burning, emission rom vehicles, acory and will orm a layer o gas.
- Deoresaion also increases carbon dioxide
- Glass building refec hea-Te layer o carbon dioxide which is denser han air, prevenshea ha is refeced o he earh o be released.
-Te refeced hea will coninue o increase he emperaure o heEarth.
Ways o minimise:1. Te use o echnology o reduce polluion and desrucion o naure,Eg;thesmokechimneyisraisedandthereisaltertodecrease
he release o polluans o he amosphere, caalyic lers, ec2. Use alernaive renewable sources o energy eg; wind, solar3. Reoresaion4. Discourage open burning5.Encourageplantingoftrees//Greentheworldcampaign6.Environmentaleducationwithemphasison4Rconcept:Reduce,
cachmen area2. Cause increase in amospheric carbon dioxide
3. Deoresaion causes he removal and hinning o he soil layer dueo exposure o wind and air.
4. Te botom o river is siled by eroded soil.5. Landslide occurs as he op layer o soil crumbles.6. Loss o habias.7. Loss o housand species o fora and auna due o he loss o
habias.
Posiive/good eecs1. Increases job opporuniies among villagers.
2. Improves he inrasrucure such as new roads.3. Increases he economic level o he villagers by selling logs.4. For building o houses or villagers
F: Producion o gasric juice/pepsin/rennin decrease.P1: Digesion o proein become slow/decreaseP2: Coagulaion o milk proein by rennin decrease.P3: Unable o provide acidic medium or enzyme reacion//baceria
canno be desroyed.
F1: Chronic hear diseaseP1: Her die conains large amouns o oil/cream/a and i causes areriosclerosis /hear problem / cardiovascular disease.F2: Consipaion.P2: Lack o rui/vegeables / bers leads o consipaion
P1: Drink scheme milk/low a milk and ea a boiled egg o reduce he cream and arom her dieP2: Replace sausage wih an orange o increase her rui bre inake
Lunch:P3: Drink resh rui juice because i has lower sugar conen/more viaminsP4:Eatsteamedrice/steamedchickentolowercholesterolintakeP5:Eatvegetable/saladtoincreasetheamountofroughage
Dinner:P6: Drink clear soup o reduce he choleserolP7: Use omao sauce wih her pasa because i conains less a and more bers.P8:Eatasliceofwatermelon/anyfruitstoincreaseherintakeofbertoprevent
consipaion
Geneic engineeringP1: ranser he benecial genes rom one organism o anoher
organism.P2: Obain/produces geneic modied organism/ransgenic organismP3: crop yield/animal conain gene ha able o enhance growh/
nuriional properies/resisance agains disease.
issue Culure
P4: issue/cell o paren plan are grown in culure medium.P5: daugher plan is called clone.P6: Produce many clone in a shor ime/produce large rui/mainain
1(a) Able o record all 5 readings or he disance raveled by air bubble correcly Sample answers
Fan speed Disance raveled by air bubble (cm)0 1.11 2.2
2 4.03 6.54 9.0
Able o record all 4 readings or he disance raveled by air bubble correcly Able o record all 3 readings or he disance raveled by air bubble correcly
No response or incorrec response
3
21
0No. Mark Scheme Score
1(b)(i)
Able o sae wo dieren observaions correcly.Sample answers1. A he an speed o 0, he disance raveled by air bubble is 1.1 cm2. A he an speed o 4, he disance raveled by air bubble is 9.0 cm
Able o sae one observaion correcly and one inaccurae observaionSample answers1. A he an speed o 0, he disance raveled by air bubble is shor.2. A he an speed o 4, he disance raveled by air bubble is long.
Able o sae one observaion correcly and one observaion a idea levelSample answer1. Te disance raveled by air bubble changes / increases / decreases2. As he an speed increases, he disance raveled by air bubble increases
No response or incorrec response
3
2
1
0
No. Mark Scheme Score
1(b)(ii) Able o make wo inerences correcly. (Sample answers)1. A he an speed o 0, he air movemen is slow, hus he plan loses loses less waer.2. A he an speed o 4, he air movemen is high/as, hus he plan loses a lo o waer.
Able o make one inerences correcly and one – wo inaccurae inerences (Sample answers)1. Te shor disance raveled by air bubble shows a low air movemen.2. Te long disance raveled by air bubble shows a high .
Able o sae one inerences correcly and one – wo inerences a idea level (Sample answer)1. ranspiraion occurs a he shoo1. Ligh inensiy increases as disance rom ligh source decreases.
No. Mark Scheme Score1 (e)(i) Able o consruc a able correcly according wih ollowing aspec.
1. Able o sae he 3 iles wih unis – 1 mark 2. Able o record all he daa correcly – 1 mark 3. Able o calculae and record an speed and rae o ranspiraion correcly – 1 mark
3
No. Mark Scheme Score1 (d) Able o make a hypohesis relaing he manipulaed variable and he responding variable correcly.
Sample answerTe higher he air movemen, he longer he disance raveled by he air bubble// Te higher heair movemen, he higher he rae o ranspiraion// inversely
Able o make a hypohesis relaing he manipulaed variable and he responding variable incorrecly.Sample answerTe rae o ranspiraion is aeced by air movemen.
Able o make a hypohesis relaing he manipulaed variable and he responding variable a idea level.Sample answer Air movemen causes ranspiraion.
No response or incorrec response
3
2
1
0
No. Mark Scheme Score
(c) Able o sae all 3 variables and he 3 mehods o handle he variableSample answers
Variable Mehod o handle he variable
Manipulaed variableFan speed//air movemen
Carry ou he experimen a dieren an speed
Responding variable
Disance raveled by air bubble// Rae o ranspiraion
Measure and record he disance raveled by air bubble by using a ruler // Calculae he rae o ranspiraion by using he ormula :
Disance raveled by air bubbleime
Consan variable
Ligh inensiy// emperaure// humidiy o
he surrounding // ype o plan
Fix he ligh inensiy o he surrounding/ Fix he emperaure a room emperaure/ Fix heair humidiy o be he same hroughou he
experimen // Use he same ype o plan Able o sae 4-5 variables and mehods o handle he variable correcly Able o sae 2-3 variables and mehods o handle he variable correcly No response or incorrec response
Fan speed Disance raveled by air bubble (cm) ranspiraion rae (cm min-1)
0 1.1 0.221 2.2 0.44
2 4.0 0.803 6.5 1.304 9.0 1.80
Any wo correc. Any one correcNo response or incorrec response
210
No. Mark Scheme Score1(e)(ii)
Able o draw graph correcly according wih ollowing aspec.
P : Correc ile wih uni on boh horizonal and verical axis – 1 mark : All poins ploted correcly – 1 mark B : Able o join all poins o orm a smooh graph – 1 mark
Any wo correc. Any one correcNo response or incorrec response
3
210
No. Mark Scheme Score1 () Able o inerpre daa and explain wih he ollowing aspec :
1. Able o sae he relaionship beween rae o ranspiraion and air movemen2. Able o relae an speed o air movemen3. Able o relae o rae o evaporaion.Sample answerTe higher he air movemen, he higher he rae o ranspiraion. A higher an speed means higherair movemen. A a higher air movemen, he rae o evaporaion is high. Hence he loss o waerrom he plan is high.
Able o inerpre daa and wih 2 aspecs. Able o inerpre daa and wih 1 aspec.No response or incorrec response
3
210
No. Mark Scheme Score1 (g) Able o dene operaionally rae o ranspiraion based on he resul o he experimen.
1. Disance raveled by air bubble2. A dieren an speed3. Facor aecing i.Sample answerTe rae o ranspiraion is he disance raveled by an air bubble and is aeced by dieren anspeed which means dieren air movemen.
Able o inerpre daa and wih 2 aspecs. Able o inerpre daa and wih 1 aspec.No response or incorrec response
No. Mark Scheme Score Able o classiy all he acors ha can aec he rae o ranspiraion ino environmen acors andsrucural acors correcly.
Sample answer
Environmentfactors Srucural acorsLigh inensiy Number o somaa on he lea
Air humidiy Disribuion o somaa on he lea emperaure Size o lea
Able o classiy 4 acors in he inaccuraely. Able o classiy 3 acors a he idea level.No response or incorrec response
3
210
No. Mark Scheme Score1(h) Able o predic he oucome o he experimen correcly.
1. Correc predicion2. Reason3.Eect
Sample answerTe rae o ranspiraion increases, ha is he disance raveled by he air bubble is more han1.1 cm and he rae o ranspiraion is more han 0.22 cm min-1 because here is an increase inligh inensiy. A higher ligh inensiy increases he rae o evaporaion o waer vapour haaccumulaes a he somaa o he leaves. Hence more waer is los a a aser rae rom he leaves.
Able o inerpre daa and wih 2 aspecs. Able o inerpre daa and wih 1 aspec.No response or incorrec response
Able o wrie a problem saemen correcly base on 3 crieria:•Manipulatedvariables-(Volumeofwaterintake)•Respondingvariables-(Volumeofurinereleased)•Relationship.
Sample Answer1. How does he volume o waer inake aec he volume o urine released?2. Wha is he eec o volume o waer inake on he volume o urine released?
Able o wrie a problem saemen bu less correcly base on 2 crieria. Able o give an idea abou he problem saemen base on 1 crierion.
Wrong or no response
3
√
21
0
Aspec Crieria Score
Variables Able o ideniy all he hree variables correcly Sample Answer• Manipulatedvariable:volumeofwaterintake
Aspec Crieria ScoreProcedure Able o wrie all he seps in carrying ou he experimen successully.
1 : Seps o se up he apparaus2 : Seps o handle he xed variable3 : Seps o handle he manipulaed variable
4 : Seps o handle he responding variable5 : Precauionary seps / seps aken o ge accurae resuls / readings
Scoring Rubric All 1-5 presen Any 3 – 4 presen Any 2 presen1 or wrong response[√] is given or any 1 presen.
3210√
Aspec Crieria Score
echnique Able o sae he echnique used in carrying ou he experimen correcly Sample AnswerMeasure and record he volume o urine released (aer a xed hour o consuming waer) by using a measuring cylinder.
B1 = 1√
Aspec Crieria Score
Maerialsand
Apparaus
Able o lis all maerials and apparaus needed o carry ou he experimen successully.
1 1. A suden (Sample A) is chosen and insruced o empy his bladder beore he sar o heexperimen
3 2. Measure 200ml o waer and pu i ino he mug/cup/glass1 3 A suden (Sample A) is given 200ml o waer o drink.
1 4 A sop wach is sared immediaely aer consuming he waer.2 5 During he experimen, he is kep in (any xed suiable room) wihin 2 hours (any suiable
ime range).5 6 He is insruced no o ea or perorm any vigorous physical aciviies (wihin he given ime).2 7 Aer 2 hour, he sop wach is sopped and he is asked o empy his bladder.
1 8 Te volume o urine colleced is measured and recorded.1/5
9 Seps 2 – 8 is repeaed or dieren amoun o waer drank (400 ml, 600ml, 800ml,1000ml)
5 12 Te whole experimen is repeaed using 2 dieren sudens o ge a more accurae resul. 5 = 3 m
3-4 = 2 m1-2 = 1 m
5 13 Dispose he measured urine properly 4 14 Measure and record daa colleced ino a able.Graph o urine oupu agains he waer inake is ploted.
Planningexperimen
7-9 icks = 3m4-6 icks = 2m1-3 icks = 1m
Aspec Crieria ScoreConclusion Able o wrie a suiable conclusion or he experimen:
Sample AnswerTe higher he volume o waer inake, he higher he volume o urine released. Hypohesisis acceped.
√
Aspec Crieria ScoreCommuni-caing daa
Able o draw a complee able o record he relevan daa base on he 3 crieria:•Volumeofwaterintake•Volumeofurinereleased•Teunitsinmlorcm3
Sample Answer
B2= 1√
Volume o waerinake (ml)
Volume o urine released (ml)Suden A Suden B Suden C Average