Optimising AD Prof JAMES CHONG Royal Society Industry Fellow Department of Biology [email protected] @insanity_one https://goo.gl/c17LxT York 14 August 2019
Optimising AD
Prof JAMES CHONGRoyal Society Industry FellowDepartment of Biology
[email protected]@insanity_onehttps://goo.gl/c17LxT York 14 August 2019
Wastewater treatmentraw
water
primary sludge
secondary activated sludge
digestate
biogas
AD
final effluent
1% of allUK electricity!
Anaerobic digestionORGANIC POLYMERS
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids
OLIGOMERS & MONOMERSamino acids, sugars, fatty acids
INTERMEDIATESpropionate, butyrate, alcohols
hydrolysis (acidogenesis)
acetogenesis
fermentation
4H2 + CO2 CH4 + 2H2O
4HCOO- + 4H+ CH4 + 3CO2 + 2H2O
CH3OH + H2 CH4 + H2O
methanogenesisCH3COO- + H2O CH4 + HCO3
-
4RCH3 + 2H2O 4RH + 3CH4 + CO2
LON
DON= 107= 1mL AD
measure
understand
modelpredict
manipulate
who?what?why?
Increase solids destructionIncrease gas output
Understand YW’s process
Understand AD microbiology
(YW’s) AD challenges
4 years’ funding from Royal Society to cover 50% salaryAssociated indirect costs covered by University of York
Additional project costs covered by Yorkshire Water
The Industry Fellowship scheme aims to enhance knowledge transfer in science and technology between those in industry and those in academia. It provides opportunities for an academic scientist to work on a collaborative project with industry, or someone employed in industry to work on a collaborative project with a university department or not-for-profit research organisation. It is anticipated that fellows will establish personal and corporate links between the two sectors in the UK as a foundation for their long-term future development.
Royal Society Industry Fellowship
AD Tour de Yorkshire
Bridlington
Naburn
Esholt
Hull
Goole
Sutton
(Mitchell Laithes)
Caldervale
Lundwood
Sandall
Wombwell
Aldwarke
Blackburn Meadows
Woodhouse Mill
Staveley
Old Whittington
Observed speciesA
LLW
LW
_F
WW SA
OW
OW
_F
ST
WM
BM
SB
R_
D1
BR
_D
2H
UG
O_
D1
GO
_D
2E
S_
D1
ES
_D
2E
S_
D3
ES
_D
4C
AS
UN
AB
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
ch
ao
1
AL
LW
LW_F
WW
SA
OW
OW_F
ST
WM
BMS
BR_D1
BR_D2
HU
GO_D1
GO_D2
ES_D1
ES_D2
ES_D3
ES_D4
CA
SU
NAB
AL
LW
LW
_F
WW SA
OW
OW
_F
ST
WM
BM
SB
R_
D1
BR
_D
2H
UG
O_
D1
GO
_D
2E
S_
D1
ES
_D
2E
S_
D3
ES
_D
4C
AS
UN
AB
0
500
1000
1500
2000
ob
serv
ed
sp
ecie
s
AL
LW
LW_F
WW
SA
OW
OW_F
ST
WM
BMS
BR_D1
BR_D2
HU
GO_D1
GO_D2
ES_D1
ES_D2
ES_D3
ES_D4
CA
SU
NAB
AL
LW
LW
_F
WW SA
OW
OW
_F
ST
WM
BM
SB
R_
D1
BR
_D
2H
UG
O_
D1
GO
_D
2E
S_
D1
ES
_D
2E
S_
D3
ES
_D
4C
AS
UN
AB
5
6
7
8
9
Sh
an
no
n in
dex
AL
LW
LW_F
WW
SA
OW
OW_F
ST
WM
BMS
BR_D1
BR_D2
HU
GO_D1
GO_D2
ES_D1
ES_D2
ES_D3
ES_D4
CA
SU
NAB
THP
ES_D2
ES_D4
ES_D1
ES_D3
GO_D1
GO_D2
ST
LW_F
OW_F
LW
SU
SA
WM
OW
BMS
AL
WW
CA
NAB
HU
BR_D1
BR_D20
20
40
60
80
10
0
Pro
teobacte
ria
Bacte
roid
ete
s
Pla
ncto
mycete
s
Firm
icute
s
Verru
com
icro
bia
WW
E1
Spiro
chaete
s
Actin
obacte
ria
Chlo
rofle
xi
Synerg
iste
tes
Therm
oto
gae
Arc
haea
NK
B19
OP
9
Lentis
phaera
e
OP
8
Acid
obacte
ria
oth
er (<
0.5
%)
1.0
0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0.0 1.0
THP
feed
mes
op
hili
c
alkalinity
CO
D
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
PC1 [27.6%]
PC
2 [
22.8
%]
AL
LW
LW_F
WW
SA
OW
OW_F
ST
WM
BMS
BR_D1
BR_D2
HU
GO_D1
GO_D2
ES_D1
ES_D2
ES_D3
ES_D4
CA
SU
NAB
THP
feedTHP
feed
Correlating chemistry and biology
Additional equipment
x10
= System-60
42 m2
System-60 space
Additional space
Yumechris Amekan(4 year Indonesian Gvt PhD)
Kimberley Barnes(4 year RS Industry PhD)
Atalie Scriverner(RS Industry Summer Studentship)
Matthew Dowson(RS Industry Summer Studentship)
Abdulrahman Khan(4 year Saudi Arabia Gvt PhD)
Sam Hart(RS Industry Summer Studentship)
Additional staff
Annabel Cansdale(MRes student)
Diagnosing problems
normal
foaming
Metabolomics
Sample microbes
Extract DNA
Fragment DNA
218 million pieces!
The world’s worst jigsaw
Build contigs
Metabolism reconstruction
Alessi, Barnes & Chong, in prep
from: Apple Maps, (1/9/17)
1
2
34
from: Apple Maps, (22/5/19)
4 x 1,858m3
Sample pipeline
May Jun JulAug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Aprsample
pool subsetof samples
nanopore sequence(1 x pre-release
PromethION flow cell)
DNA extraction(bead beat)
barcodeindividualsamples
short read sequence(Illumina)
Anna Alessi Sally James
30tds d-1 = 4,500m3 CH4 d-1
Nanopore sequencing
512 nanopore channels10-20 Gb / 48 hours
Assembly statssequence
(Gb)# contigs total length
(bp)mean length
(bp)
max length
(bp)
N50
Illumina 203 3,090,644 2,494,872,734 807 539,079 940
Nanopore 60 78,439 1,689,879,228 21,544 1,406,516 38,925
Nanopore + Illumina
203+60 78,439 1,717,415,419 21,895 1,420,398 39,579
1 day 5 hours, 7024 cores105 weeks computeFree (£2.5 million)
14 days, 96 cores192 weeks computeFree* (£6000+£2000)
https://www.cloudsolutions.co.uk/case-study/university-of-york-advance-environmental-research-using-google-cloud-with-cts-sprint/https://edu.google.com/intl/en_uk/why-google/case-studies/university-of-york-gcp/
1 2 3 4 f
CLUSTardCansdale & Chong, in prep
FCB group“bacterium belonging to the WWE1 candidate division […] this bacterium might derive most of its carbon and energy
from the fermentation of amino acids, […] “CandidatusCloacamonas acidaminovorans” is probably a syntrophic
bacterium that is present in many anaerobic digesters”
Pelletier et al (2008) J Bacteriol 190:2572-9DOI: 10.1128/JB.01248-07
Annabel Cansdale
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Methane cm3/ g COD
predicted
1
10
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Cluster_k99_599777
Cluster_k99_14128
Cluster_k99_513758
Cluster_k99_227437
Machine learning
Tao et al (2019) Applied Energy 247:670-81
In situ biomethanisation
Microbial changes
Tao et al (2019) Applied Energy 247:670-81
University of SouthamptonUniversity of Sheffield
United UtilitiesLutra
LAMP
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification65°C, 30’
Methanoculleus
Methanothermobacter
Methanococcus
Methanobrevibacter
1 +ve control2-5 mesophilic AD6,7 thermophilic AD8,9 salt marsh10 garden soil11,12 stoolC -ve control (not d)
Alessi & Chong in prep
Future goals
consistency
improvement
enhancement
process
pilot
lab
same performance at all sitesat all times
better than current bestgas output
biomethanisation?higher value products?
James RobsonOliver Noble
Yumechris AmekanKim Barnes
Annabel CansdaleAbdulrahman Khan
Nathan Innard*Anna Alessi
*Henry Nicholls*Farah Shahi
Sam HartCharlotte Wringe
Luna Yuan
Mark BentleySteve Howarth
Peter AshtonSally James
Lesley GilbertJohn Davey
Katherine Newling
Kelly Redeker
ThanksJon Brigg
Tom TaylorPhil Blaen
Rich KershawJason ThorntonGraham Weston
Site Ops at:NaburnEsholt
Blackburn Meadows