Biogas for Transport By: Lodewijk Nell – EcoMetrix Africa Date: 14 October 2016 Occasion: Monthly JBF Environmental Sustainability Subcommittee Meeting
Biogas for Transport
By: Lodewijk Nell – EcoMetrix Africa Date: 14 October 2016 Occasion: Monthly JBF Environmental Sustainability Subcommittee Meeting
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Agenda
Table of Contents
Introduction
Biogas for Transport Potential
Considerations for a Municipality
Road Ahead
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EcoMetrix Africa Climate Change – Green Economy – Renewable Energy
• EcoMetrix leverages its global and domestic experience in providing energy and carbon
related services along three distinct service lines as illustrated and detailed below:
• EcoMetrix has successfully delivered and engaged with a wide range of South African and
global companies, among which:
Strategy and Implementation
‘Improving carbon and energy performance’
Technologies and Policies
‘Introducing low carbon technologies and energy efficiency in Southern Africa’
Funding and Financing
‘Improving business cases securing benefits from public funds, financiers and incentives’
Introduction
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Biogas for Transport Studies for DTI and DEA
Introduction
Biogas Report – February 2016 Department of Environment (DEA) FACILITATION OF LARGE-SCALE UPTAKE OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT FUELS IN SOUTH AFRICA – THE CASE FOR BIOGAS
Click Underlined Hyper Link for the Biogas Report
Green Transport Report – Ongoing Department of Trade and Industry (dti) STRATEGY FOR POLICY DIRECTION PROMOTING GREEN ROAD TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA
To be published
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Green Transport Objectives PPP Benefits
Biogas for Transport Potential
Pic
ture
: w
ww
.niz
o.c
om
• People
Mobility and Jobs
• Planet
Air Quality and GHG Mitigation
• Profit
Cost Reduction
Oil Import Dependency
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Biogas
sources Upstream
logistics
Biogas
production Biogas
upgrading
Downstream
logistics
Biogas
end use
— Abattoirs
— Agriculture
— Fruit
processing
— Municipal
solid waste
— Municipal
waste water
— Pulp & paper
— Sugar
production
— In process
pipeline
— In process
road
transport
— In process
rail transport
— Dedicated
pipeline
transport
— Dedicated
road
transport
— Dedicated
rail transport
— Landfill gas
collection
— Mesophilic
Anaerobic
Digestion
— Water
scrubbing
— Polyethylene
Glycol (PEG)
Scrubbing (e.g. Selexol)
— Pressure
swing
adsorption
— Chemical
scrubbing (e.g.
amine or sodium
hydroxide based)
— Compression
— Storage
— Transport to
the envisaged
off-taker
— Fleet owners
— Retail use
Value Chain Biogas for Transport
Biogas for transport value also includes:
• Biogas upgrading to increase the methane level close natural gas
• Downstream logistics including compression and distribution
Biogas for Transport Potential
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Biogas for Transport Cost of Compression and Upgrading
Smallest Facility by Swedish Supplier Malmberg COMPACT® GR BAS 1-3 100 - 650 Nm3/h raw gas capacity http://www.malmberg.se/en-us/What-we-do/Biogas/Malmberg-COMPACT
Biogas for Transport Potential
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Economies of Scale Impact of Size on Cost of Biogas
Inception Report
http://www.build-a-biogas-plant.com/
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Potential - 3 million Nm3 of Biogas per Day Largely in Urban Areas - 38% MSW Sector
Fruit Processing
Brewery
Abattoir
Pulp & Paper
Municipal Waste Water
Agriculture
Sugar Production
Municipal Solid waste
Total
0.36%
Sector
13.77%
32.35%
1.27%
6.91%
7.27%
0.21%
Biogas potential (Nm3/day)
38.07%
Biogas for Transport Potential
3 million Nm3/day of Biogas 2 million l/day of Petrol 32 million l/day of Petrol in 2013 *
* http://www.energy.gov.za/files/media/explained/Overview-of-Petrol-and-Diesel-Market-in-SA-between-2002-and-2013.pdf
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Making CBG for Transport Viable Important Considerations
• CNG can strengthen CBG Development
- Security of Supply
- Economies of Scale
- Shared infrastructure
• Focus on Homogeneous Transport Patterns
- Best use of investments in CBG/CNG fuel stations
- No range anxiety
- Busses, taxis
- Long haul cargo transport routes between Gauteng and Durban
• Preferential Position of Municipalities
- Close to CNG and CNG sources - Supply
- Fleets of busses and taxis - Demand
Considerations for a Municipality
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The Value of Biogas Most Economic Value Created as a Transport Fuel
Electricity from Biogas
CBG as a substitute for CNG
CBG as a substitute for Petrol
• 98 – 171 R/GJ 1
• Based on electricity rate:
0.89 - 1.54 R/kWh-e
• 71 – 79 R/GJ
• Combined Heat & Power:
900 -1,100 per kWe
• 19 – 100 R/GJ
• Available for production of
raw cleaned biogas .
• 238 – 249 R/GJ
• Based on rates known
from Egoli / CNG license
• 91 – 116 R/GJ
• Upgrading + compression
cost of biogas.
• 122 – 158 R/GJ
• Available for production of
raw cleaned biogas .
• 309 – 400 R/GJ
• Based on petrol price of:
10 – 13 R/litre
• 91 – 116 R/GJ
• Upgrading + compression
cost of biogas.
• 193 – 309 R/GJ
• Available for production of
raw cleaned biogas .
1 40% electrical efficiency which is the top of the range (30-40%) 2 Mitigation potential is 10 - 47% higher for a CHP generator with an efficiency of 30 - 40%.
PR
ICE
CO
ST
MA
RG
IN
Considerations for a Municipality
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Biogas Yield – Know Thy Waste High Variation in Biogas Return on Waste
Beef Slaughter
Waste
Fruit Effluent
Chicken Litter
Solid Waste
Bagasse
4.25 GJ/ton
Abattoir
Chicken Slaughter
Waste
Pork Slaughter
Waste
Cattle Slurry
Pig Slurry
Agriculture
Fruit Processing
Municipal Waste
Sugar Production
Waste Water
3.07 GJ/ton
2.32 GJ/ton 2.21
GJ/ton
1.69 GJ/ton 1.55
GJ/ton 1.14
GJ/ton 1.07 GJ/ton
0.64 GJ/ton
0.54 GJ/ton
Source: FNR, 2010; KTBL Feedstock Atlas and LfL website
Considerations for a Municipality
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Johannesburg Potential
Considerations for a Municipality
• Overall Theoretical Potential CoJ
Municipal Waste: 4,110 t/d
≈ 200 - 400,000 Nm3 biogas per day
≈ 142 - 284,000 litres petrol per day
Waste Water: 95,000 Nm3/day biogas
≈ 67,000 l petrol/day
• Choice:
Waste to Electricity or Waste to Biogas?
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Johannesburg Conditions and Activities
Considerations for a Municipality
• Specific Conditions
Urban air quality challenges
Lack of landfill airspace
Access to CNG - pipeline SASOL
City Gas Distribution Network
• Activities
Dual fuel BRT and Metro busses
CNG conversion of petrol mini taxi busses
LFG to Electricity
Northern Water Works CHP (heat & power)
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The Road Ahead What are we Planning for?
• Transport Fuel vs Electricity ?
• Large or Small Scale Uptake ?
• Master Plan or Case Based ?
• Demand: City Fleets
• Supply: Waste 2 Biogas, CNG, Egoli
• Awareness and Capacity
• Incentivize and/or Regulate ?
• Urban air quality regulations
• Subsidy for CNG/CBG conversion
Considerations for a Municipality
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Contact Details
EcoMetrix Africa (Pty) Ltd.
011 44 77 892
www.ecometrix.co.za
3rd Floor, The Travel House
4-6 Hood Street, Rosebank
Johannesburg, 2196
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