Bi f l Fi d F ? Bi f l Fi d F ? Biofuels: Friend or Foe? Biofuels: Friend or Foe? Thawat Watanatada Thawat Watanatada A.T. Tri A.T. Tri TBLI Conference Asia TBLI Conference Asia 2008 2008 Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand May May 29 29, , 2008 2008 Photo credit: Alternative Fuels Institute May May 29 29, , 2008 2008 1
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Bi f l F i d F ?Bi f l F i d F ?Biofuels: Friend or Foe?Biofuels: Friend or Foe?
Thawat WatanatadaThawat WatanatadaA.T. TriA.T. Tri
TBLI Conference Asia TBLI Conference Asia 20082008Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand
May May 2929, , 20082008
Photo credit: Alternative Fuels Institute
May May 2929, , 20082008 1111
“Life first, cars second.”- Evo Morales, President of Bolivia
Photo credit: The Guardian
Photo credit: BBC News
“Biofuels have made food too expensive for the poor.”- Alan Garcia, President of Peru
22
,
“It’s in our national interest that our farmers grow energy ”farmers grow energy.- George W. Bush, President of the United StatesUnited States
Photo credit:
US National Institute of Health
“Bi f l ’t th ill i th t“Bi f l ’t th ill i th t“Biofuels aren’t the villain that “Biofuels aren’t the villain that threaten food security.”threaten food security.”
L l d Sil P id t f B il- Lula de Silva, President of Brazil
Photo credit: Spiegel
33
“Biofuels are the clean energy scam”
“Is ethanol getting a bum rap?”Is ethanol getting a bum rap?
4May May 2929, , 20082008 44
“Biofuels pit the 800 million people o ue s p t t e 800 o peop ewith cars against the 800 million people with hunger problems.” - Lester Brown, Earth Policy Institute
Photo credit: TimePhoto credit: Time
“Bi f l ll“Biofuels are a very, very small factor in rising food costs.”
f S f- David Morris, Institute for Local Self-Reliance
Oil (USD/barrel) Ethanol (USD/gallon)Data sources: US Department of Energy & North American Millers’ AssociationData sources: US Department of Energy & North American Millers’ Association
Corn (USD per ton) Ethanol (USD per gallon)Data sources: North American Millers’ Association & UN Food and Agricultural OrganizationData sources: North American Millers’ Association & UN Food and Agricultural Organization
Sugar (USc per lb) Ethanol (USD per gallon)Data sources: North American Millers’ Association & UN Food and Agricultural OrganizationData sources: North American Millers’ Association & UN Food and Agricultural Organization
Marginal lands will be used to grow biofuel crops.
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Land AvailabilityLand Availability
Case of the USA: Ethanol production thruCase of the USA: Ethanol production thru 20152015
Land AvailabilityLand Availability
Case of the USA: Ethanol production thru Case of the USA: Ethanol production thru 20152015
Target for 2015: 230% of 2007 level
All increase from boosting corn yield per acre
No reduction in corn for food and feedNo reduction in corn for food and feed
No increase in planted areap
17May May 2929, , 20082008 1717Data source: McKinsey & CompanyData source: McKinsey & Company
Biofuels did not cause food crisis
Biofuel price hikes is an economic fallout of oil price hikes
Biofuels did not cause food crisis
Biofuel price hikes is an economic fallout of oil price hikes
Biofuels is not the original cause of food crisisg
Real cause of food crisis: Sharp rise in petroleum price
Photo credit: Spiegel
18May May 2929, , 20082008 1818
Photo credit: TimePhoto credit: CNN
Main benefits of biofuelsMain benefits of biofuelsMain benefits of biofuels Main benefits of biofuels
Keep energy prices down
Biofuels provide 50% of increase in non-OPEC oil supply
Biofuel supply keeps crude oil price from rising by 15%
19May May 2929, , 20082008 1919Data source: International Energy Agency & The Wall Street JournalData source: International Energy Agency & The Wall Street Journal
Main benefits of biofuelsMain benefits of biofuels
H l ll f
Main benefits of biofuels Main benefits of biofuels
Help small farmers
More income for 500 million smallholdersMore income for 500 million smallholders
Impact not immediate but enormous over time p
20May May 2929, , 20082008 2020Photo credit: Telegraph, UK
How can we support biofuels?How can we support biofuels?How can we support biofuels?How can we support biofuels?
Grow biofuels without harming the environment or displacing food crop landsdisplacing food crop lands
Commercialize second and third generation biofuelsCommercialize second and third generation biofuels –from cellulose and algae