Biofuels

BIOFUEL

What is biofuel?Liquid fuel produced from plant products

Category: Biodiesel, Bioalcohols, Ethanol, pure vegetable oil, Biogas

An alternative to petroleum based fuel

Biodiesel feed stocks:•Palm•Coconut•Jatropha curcas • Rapeseed/ Mustard seed•Sunflower•Corn•Soybean•Peanuts•Algae•Used restaurant oil•Animal fats

Palm seeds

Coconut seeds

Rapeseeds Jatropha seeds

Sunflower seeds CornSoybean seeds

Pond Algae

Biofuels derived from biomass or biowaste

biomass : material which is derived from recently living

organism / obtained from plants & animals byproducts

2 methods to form biofuel :

a) Sugar crops and starch are grown and through

process of fermentation, ethanol is produced.

b) Plants are grown naturally to produce oil like algae.

- oils are heated to reduce viscosity, then directly use as fuel for diesel engines

• RENEWABLE SOURCE

(√) BIOFUEL(X) COAL(X) PETROLEUM(X) NUCLEAR FUEL

These are some of the agricultural products grown just for production

of BIOFUELS :

₰ switchgrass , soybeans , corn : USA

₰ sugar cane : BRAZIL

₰ sugar beet & wheat : EUROPE

₰ palm oil : South-East Asia

FIRST GENERATION BIOFUEL

FIRST GENERATION

Biodiesel

Biogas

SyngasBioalcohols

Vegetable Oil

BIODIESEL

♫ Undergoes transesterification

♫ Produced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

♫ Used for car diesel engines

VEGETABLE OIL

Generally use for cooking purpose

�Vegetable oil is mainly used for the production of biodiesel

BIOALCOHOLS

☻Fermentation process☻Common type of bioalcohol whereas butanol and propanol

☻Butanol is produced using the process of ABE fermentation

Biogas

♦Biogas is mainly produced after the anaerobic digestion of the organic materials

♦Biogas produced is very rich in methane

syngas

◙This is a gas that is produce after the combined process of

A)gasification B)combustion C)pyrolysis

.

BIODIESEL

BIOALCOHOL

BIOGAS

LANDFILLS

WHAT ARE LANDFILLS?

A method of solid waste disposal in which refuse are buried between layers of dirt so as to fill in or reclaim low-lying ground.A site used for or reclaimed by such disposal

Advantages of Landfills

Cheapest Way of Decomposing

Waste

Can be Turned to

A Beneficial Place

Wastes are Segregated Before

They are Taken In

THE PROBLEMS/IMPACTSCAUSED BY LANDFILLS!!!

Damage occurrence can include infrastructurePollution of the local environmentHarbouring of disease vectors from improperly operated landfillsDust ,odour, vermin or noise pollutionMore space would be needed for the landfill

Off gassing of methane generated by decaying organic wastes

Can You GuessWhich Country

Is This???

Clue:It’s one of the country where landfills are regionally practised…

OTHER ALTERNATIVE

FUELS• NON- CONVENTIONAL FUELS

• RENEWABLE ENERGY• NON-CONVENTIONAL OIL• HYDROGEN• AIR ENGINE

WHAT IS SYNGAS?

♣Gas mixture of CO , CO2 and H♣Can be used as an intermediate

♣Can be used as fuel source♣Can be used to generate electricity

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS

• ADVANTAGES

① Biomass used as a fuel reduces need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.

② Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.

③ Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes maybe a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crop.

④ Growing Biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.

⑤ The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else. ⑥ Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants. 

⑦ Less money spent on foreign oil

•DISADVANTAGES❶Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.

❷Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods .

❸Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.

❹Some Biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.

• ❺ Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels. Its expensive and requires a lot of resources to convert the raw materials to an energy source.

• ❻ Is in some cases is a major cause of pollution.

•

CONCLUSION

Biofuel production has lead to :

♥ rural electrification♥ improving agriculture♥ job creation ♥ women empowerment♥ power to local community

Biodiesel plant to power butter processing equipment, Ghana,

initiated by women’s group and UNIFEM

An hour of pedaling activity converts vegetable oil to biodiesel in an Indian village.

The fuel is used to run irrigation pumps, tillers,rice hulling mills and generate electricity.

Engine driven oil expeller

THANK YOU