BIOFUEL & DEVELOPEMENT FROM PLANT BASED SOURCES & ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

8/17/2019 BIOFUEL & DEVELOPEMENT FROM PLANT BASED SOURCES & ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

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e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h

a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g

Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork

Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The romise

G M R I n s t i t u

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BIOFUELS DEVELOPMENT FROM PLANT BASED SOURES AND

ENVIRONMENTALL!"BENI#N ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr.M.Gangadhar

Mr$ Niran%an Rao&A''i'tant Profe''or&

Dept$ of hem$Eng&

#MRIT$

BY

S$Dileep

()*+,)D-./01

# M R INSTITUTE OF TE2NOLO#!& RA3AM " *+4)40



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!"#E$TI%E

5/17/16 2

&ossil fuels are dwindling and in order to maintain the current levels of energy use and thetransport systems we rely on 'we need to find alternatives(

There are also environmental concerns about the effects of using fossil fuels such aspollution and climate change(

"iofuels may be part of the solution of these problems (The energy obtained from biofuelsis bioenergy(

"ioenergy is the energy derived from harvesting biomass such as crops' trees oragricultural waste and using it to generate heat' electricity or transport fuels(

The benefits of bioenergy include' sustainable and renewable fuels' decreased carbondio)ide release into the atmosphere and turning the problem of waste into a source ofenergy( "iofuels can be *effectively+ carbon neutral and in some cases may use emissionsfrom power plants as a carbon source(



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I,R!D-$TI!,

Biofuels could power our cars, heat our homes and maybe fuel our

planes. Liquid biofuels represent the only sustainable alternative current

transport fuel.

BBSRC research is focusing on advanced biofuels from inedible

and non-food crops as well as waste. Currently biofuels are combined

with oil-based fuels so that typical ! petrol is composed of "-#$biofuel.

%t present much of this biofuel comes from sources that directly or

indirectly compete with land and resources that would otherwise be

used to grow food.



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G M R I n s t i t u

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R a j a m Biomass can be burned directly to generate heat and&or power either ow

or 'co-fired( alongside conventional fuels such as coal. %lternatively, biomass can be treated to create gaseous or liquid biofuels

which can be used on their own or in con)unction with conventional fuels

such as coal or natural gas.

*he initial emphasis is on motor vehicle fuels, but the same principles

apply to aviation fuels, where bio-products provide the only sustainable

alternative to +erosene.



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!utline

)$ #lo5al Energ6 Tren7'

4$ #lo5al an7 local 7ri8er'

+$ Biof9el'

,$ Bio7ie'el

*$ Bioma''

.$ A78antage'

0$ oncl9'ion

-$ Reference



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5/17/16 6

$limate $hange and peak oil shaping future energy agenda

Renewables account for about ./0 of 1lobal rimary Energy2Traditional "iomass 30' Large Hydro 4(/0 and !therRenewables 506

Renewables ower capacity e)cluding large hydro7powertouched .85 19 in 5::4

Investments in ,ew Renewable $apacity touched ; /: "illion in5::<

&astest growth taking place in the field of li=uid "iofuels >Ethanol and "iodiesel

.( 1lobal Energy Trends



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•

High and volatile oil prices• rising demand (India, China);

• instability in major oil producing regions;

• higher exploration costs; and

• finite nature of global oil resources.

• Climate change agenda

• griculture and trade policies

• !ustainability issues

• "echnological advances and emerging moreefficient conversion technologies

2. Drivers of Biofuels Development – GlobalContext



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5/17/16 8

Africa has 13% of global population yet uses 3% of electricity used globally.

Only 1 in 4 people in Africa has access to electricity.

Under exploitation of available resources : 6% of hydroelectricity and .6% ofgeother!al potential exploited.

Abundance and decentrali"ed availability of bio!ass resources

#eed to raise $& gro'th rate fro! 3.(% to )% if Africa is to !eet the *$s +!eans a corresponding increase in energy de!and.

2. Drivers of Biofuels Development – African Context



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5/17/16 9

En8ironmental hallenge'$roduction chain and application should have positive energy and 1H1balances(Sustainable water use and no additional water contamination

Environmental responsibility and conservation of natural resources andbiodiversity(?inimi@e soil erosion and degradation?inimum environmental emission from "io fuels production technologiesSocio"Economic hallenge'Reduce competition and strengthen synergies with food sectorAland(

"alancing between large7scale and small7scale productionroduction should lead to local and shared prosperityTechnolog6 hallenge'Identifying appropriate plants for specific regions( Bppropriate technologies for communities and businesses(Increasing production

Cey issues' challenges and risks of biofuelsinclude((



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5/17/16 10

#sing biomass for energy



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G M R I n s t i t u

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R a j a m 1. Biomass used for Energy production

,olid

$as

-iuid

/o!bined &o'er0heat coupling

ransport fuel 2ndustrial applications for process heat

2. Biomass used as a! "aterial for industrial activities/os!etic 'ashing po'der fertili"er plastic pacing !aterials extiles

/ellulose ra' !aterials for phar!a products etc.



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5/17/16 12

Type of Renewable Energy (derived from the Sun).

Biofuels are liquid fuels made from esters, alohols,

ethers, and other biomass hemials (Source: US Dept.

of Energy ).!ommon biofuels inlude" ethanol and biodiesel.

Ethanol is made from starhes # sugars.

Biodiesel is an ester made from vegetable oils, animal

fats or other types of biomass.

Bio-Fuels



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5/17/16 13

B100 = 100% biodiesel / B20 = 20% / B5 = 5% / B2 = 2 $rodution proess" Transesteri%ation (of oil)

&ain rops used for produing biodiesel"

Rapeseed (Europe) Soybean ('S)

Jatropha (fria, ndia) Castor Bean (fria, !hina, S. meria) al! "il (Tropial areas)&ore

*ther oil+enrihed rops" !oonut, Brail nuts, -ooba, $eanuts,!otton seed, Sun/ower, and many more.



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5/17/16 14

B#"$#ESE & Final rodu'tBiodiesel 100%

Glycerin



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5/17/16 15

$io%iesel is here



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5/17/16 16

Energy CropR&D

Farming

Oi!eed

Mea

Cr"!hing Crop Oi

Biodie!e #rod"$%ion

Biodie!e

Mare%Gy$erin

&rom the &armer to the &uel "an'



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5/17/16 17

2igher cetane #reater l95ricit6 S9perior 7etergenc6 2igher fla'h point

More mileage #reater hor'epo:er Le'' 'mo;e Smoother r9nning engine'

<9ic;er 'tart' Longer engine life Re79ce7 maintenance

Bene'i%!"ioDiesel > B better fuel vs( Diesel

Fea%"re!



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5/17/16 18

$rodued from rene(able !aterials & e'o )riendly /

'losed C" 'y'le.

0oal 1 self prodution 2 less relian'e on foreign oil.

!ontains pratially no sul)ur (3.3345) 2 non to6i.

!onsiderably de'reases e!issions (up to 735). Easily deomposes 2 does not har! soil or *round

(ater .

Biodiesel is not haardous material (/ashpoint above

4438!).

Eligible as )uels under international standards 1

spei%ations (world+wide).

Eligible for C$+ (!lean 9evelopment &ehanism + :yoto

Treaty).

Biodiesel ,danta*es



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Biodiesel an be orrosive to rubbermaterials.

Biodiesel is not neessarily moreeonomi than regular diesel.$epend on the plants. their

related pro'esses and. otherin'enties

Biodiesel an last up to < months. n<+4= months need to be treated.

Biodiesel $ra(ba's



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5/17/16 20

75% of total biodiesel production belong to 4 corporations:

ADM (rc!er "aniels #idland$ Cargill Bunge & Saipol



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Reference'

5/17/16 21

"hatnagar B(' ?inocha B(C(' 5::3( -tili@ation of industrial waste for cadmium removalfrom water and immobili@ation in cement( '!e) *ng) + (' %ol(.4: Bgrawal B(' Sahu C(C(' 5::<( Cinetic and isotherm studies of cadmium adsorption on

manganese nodule residue( +) ,a-ard) #ater)%ol( "./'( Bhluwalia S(S(' 1oyal D(' 5::4( Removal of heavy metals by waste tea leaves from

a=ueous solution( *ng) .ife ci)' %ol( 4( Bhmed S(' $hughtai S(' Ceane ?(B(' .338( The removal of cadmium and lead from

a=ueous solution by ion e)change with ,a7F @eolites( ep) uri) ec!nol) %ol( . BGmal ?(' Rao R(B(C(' Bnwar S(' Bhmad #(' Bhmad R(' 5::( Bdsorption studies on rice

husk removal and recovery of $d2II6 from wastewater( ioresour) ec!nol (' %ol( 8<( Bl7Bsheh S(' DuvnGak (' .33/( Bdsorption of cadmium and other metals by pine bark( +)

,a-ard) #ater)%ol(4<'( Bl7Bsheh S(' DuvnGak (' .338( "inary metal sorption by pine bark study of e=uilibria and

mechanisms( ep) ci) ec!nol) %ol( %ieira R(H(S(&(' %olesky "(' 5:::( "iosorption a solution to pollution( nt) #icrobiol (' %ol(

' pp( ./>5J( %olesky "(' .33:( "iosorption and biosorbents( In"iosorption of Heavy ?etals' ed( "(

%olesky( $R$ ress Inc(' "oca



D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g



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Biof9el' can pla6 a 'ignificant role for the 7e8elopment in Africa

Policie'& re'earch cooperation'& partner'hip' an7 technolog6

tran'fer 'ho9l7 5e the 5a'i' for f9t9re 5iof9el' program in Africa$

S9'taina5ilit6 (#2#"Re79ction& ompetition :ith foo7 an7 local

application'& Bio7i8er'it6& En8ironment& Pro'perit6 an7 Social :ell

5eing1 i' critical to it' '9cce''

Initial foc9' of 5iof9el' program' 'ho9l7 5e 'elf"'9fficienc6 in

energ6 :ith national& '95"regional& regional an7 glo5al lin;age'$

Thi' 'eminar 'ho9l7 re'9lt in a common plan=program of action on

ho: Africa can e>ploit it' 5iof9el' potential in a '9'taina5le manner$

Follo:"9p action i' re?9ire7 at the national = '95"regional le8el foren'9ring an con'i'tent& integrate7 an7 m9lti" 7i'ciplinar6 approach

to 7e8elop 5iof9el' pro%ect' in a '9'taina5le manner for impro8e7

acce''& increa'e7 9'e in in79'trial tran'port 'ector' an7 enhancing

energ6 'ec9rit6 in Africa$

/( $onclusions



D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g



G M R I n s t i t u

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235/17/16

T2AN@ !OU

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BIOFUEL & DEVELOPEMENT FROM PLANT BASED SOURCES & ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

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