i BIOFERTILIZER BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH CAIR TEPUNG IKAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF NUTRISI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS BAYAM ( Amaranthus hybridus L.) SISTEM HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG SKRIPSI MAR’ATUS SHOLICHAH PROGRAM STUDI S1 BIOLOGI DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2016 ADLN - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI BIOFERTILIZER BERBAHAN BAKU... MAR'ATUS SHOLICHAH
14
Embed
BIOFERTILIZER BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH CAIR …repository.unair.ac.id/29228/1/MPB. 22-16 Sho b - HALAMAN DEPAN.pdf · Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
i
BIOFERTILIZER BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH CAIR TEPUNG IKAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF NUTRISI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS BAYAM ( Amaranthus hybridus L.) SISTEM
HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG
SKRIPSI
MAR’ATUS SHOLICHAH
PROGRAM STUDI S1 BIOLOGI DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI
FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
Mar’atus Sholichah. 2016. Biofertilizer Berbahan Baku Limbah Cair Tepung Ikan sebagai Alternatif Nutrisi untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Bayam (Amaranthus hybridus L.) Sistem Hidroponik Rakit Apung. Skripsi ini di bawah bimbingan Drs. Agus Supriyanto, M. Kes. dan Tri Nurhariyati, S.Si., M.Kes. Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biofertilizer berbahan baku limbah cair tepung ikan dalam berbagai dosis terhadap pertumbuhan, produktivitas, dan nilai Relativity Agronomic Efectivity (RAE) pada produksi bayam (Amaranthus hybridus L.) pada sistem hidroponik rakit apung. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini terdiri atas enam perlakuan, yaitu kontrol positif (pemberian pupuk kimia AB mix 10 mL/ 1 L larutan nutrisi), kontrol negatif (tanpa pemberian pupuk), biofertilizer 100%, 75%, 50%, dan 25%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 4 ulangan. Mikroba dalam biofertilizer terdiri atas Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus subtiliis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Cellulomonas sp., Lactobacillus plantarum, dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini meliputi pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun) dan produktivitas (berat segar). Data pertumbuhan setiap minggu dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan data pertumbuhan dan produktivitas pada saat panen dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjutan berupa uji Duncan dengan derajat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis biofertilizer tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, namun berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun dan produktivitas bayam. Pada perlakuan B3 memberikan hasil tertinggi untuk tinggi tanaman (4,00 ± 0,26 cm), untuk hasil tertinggi jumlah daun terdapat pada perlakuan B1, B3, dan B4 (4,00 ± 0,26 helai), dan berat segar tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B3 (0,0475 ± 0,02 g). Nilai RAE biofertilizer tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B3 sebesar 280%.
Kata kunci: Bayam (Amaranthus hybridus L.), biofertilizer, pertumbuhan,
Mar’atus Sholichah. 2016. Liquid Waste Fish Meal Biofertilizer as Alternative Nutrition on The Growth and Productivity of Amaranthus hybridus L. with Floating Raft Hydroponic System. This thesis is under the guidance of Drs. Agus Supriyanto, M. Kes. and Tri Nurhariyati, S.Si., M.Kes. Departement of Biology, Fakulty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to know the effect of biofertilizer from liquid waste fish meal in various of doses on the growth, productivity, and Relativity Agronomic Efectivity (RAE) of Amaranthus hybridus L. with floating raft hydroponic system. This study was an experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This study consists of six treatments, it was positive control (treatment was given AB mix chemical fertilizer 10 mL/ 1 L nutrient solution), negative control (had no fertilizer added), giving 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% biofertilizer. The microbes in biofertilizer consisted of Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus subtiliis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Cellulomonas sp., Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The dependent variables in this experiment were the growth (plant hight and number of leaves) and productivity (fresh weight). The data of the every week growth was analyzed descriptively, while the data of the growth and productivity at harvest were analyzed by one way ANOVA and advanced test, called Duncan with significance level of 5%. The results showed that the doses of biofertilizer had no effect on the height of plant, but had effect on number of leaves and productivity of spinach. B3 treatment gave the highest result on plant height (4,00 ± 0,26 cm), the highest result on number of leaves was found in B1, B3, and B4 treatments (4,00 ± 0,26 leaves), and the highest fresh weight was found in B3 treatment (0,0475 ± 0,02 g). The highest RAE was 280% resulted in B3 treatment .
LEMBAR JUDUL ........................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ......................................................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................... iii PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN SKRIPSI .................................................................... iv ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACK ................................................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. vii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ....................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ x DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................................xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 6 1.3 Asumsi Penelitian ...................................................................................... 7 1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Hipotesis kerja .................................................................................. 8 1.4.2 Hipotesis statistik .............................................................................. 8 1.5 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 9 1.6 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 9
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 11
2.1 Tinjauan Umum Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus hybridus L.)...................11 2.2 Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman ................................................ 13 2.3 Tinjauan Umum Biofertilizer ..................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Mikroba pemfiksasi nitrogen .......................................................... 15 2.3.2 Mikroba pelarut fosfat ..................................................................... 19 2.3.3 Mikroba pendegradasi bahan organik ............................................. 26 2.4 Tinjauan Umum Limbah Cair Tepung Ikan............................................... 30 2.5 Tinjauan Umum Sistem Hidroponik .......................................................... 32 2.6 Hidroponik Rakit Apung ........................................................................... 34
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................................. 37
3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................... 37 3.2 Bahan dan Alat ........................................................................................... 37
3.2.1 Bahan penelitian .............................................................................. 37 3.2.2 Alat penelitian .................................................................................. 38
3.3 Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................................. 38 3.3.1 Variabel penelitian ........................................................................... 39
3.4 Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................... 40 3.4.1 Tahap sebelum penanaman .............................................................. 40
3.4.2 Tahap persiapan dan penanaman tanaman bayam (Amaranthus hybridus L.)........................................................................................43
3.4.3 Tahap pemeliharaan tanaman bayam...............................................44 3.4.4 Tahap pemanenan tanaman bayam..................................................44
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................... 48 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................................... 48
4.1.1 Pengukuran pertumbuhan tinggi bayam pada usia 1, 2, 3, dan 4 setelah tanam ............................................................................... 48
4.1.2 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi bayam pada saat panen ................................................................................ 50
4.1.3 Penghitungan jumlah daun bayam pada usia 1, 2, 3, dan 4 setelah tanam ................................................................................... 51
4.1.4 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap jumlah daun bayam pada saat panen ............................................................................................... 52
4.1.5 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap produktivitas bayam ...................... 54 4.1.6 Uji efektivitas biofertilizer ............................................................... 56 4.2 Pembahasan .............................................................................................. 57 4.2.1 Pertumbuhan tinggi bayam pada usia 1, 2, 3, dan 4 setelah
tanam ............................................................................................... 57 4.2.2 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi bayam pada
saat panen ........................................................................................ 60 4.2.3 Jumlah daun bayam pada usia 1, 2, 3, dan 4 setelah tanam ............. 64 4.2.4 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap jumlah daun bayam pada saat
panen ............................................................................................... 66 4.2.5 Pengaruh biofertilizer terhadap produktivitas bayam ...................... 70 4.2.6 Efektivitas biofertilizer .................................................................... 71
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................................... 73