bioetanol_chlorella

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Bioresource Technology 196 (2015) 2227

Contents lists available at Scienceirect

Bioresource Technology

!ournal ho"e#age$ %%% & elsevier & co"'locate'biortech

Bioethanol #rouction ro" carbohyrate*enriche resiual bio"assobtaine ater li#i e+traction o Chlorella s#& ,-*1

./ ,yung eea ou*,%an .h

b 3un eol ee

a

ae#art"ent o Che"ical 3ngineering ,yung 4ee niversity yeonggi*o 6*701 -e#ublic o ,orea

bClean 8uel e#art"ent ,orea nstitute o 3nergy

-esearch ae!eon :05*:: -e#ublic o ,orea

h i g h l i g h t s

Chlorella s#& ,-*1 %as accu"ulate :6; (%'%) o carbohyrates an :une 2015

-eceive in revise or" < >uly 2015 =cce#te 10 >uly 2015

=vailable online 20 >uly 2015

,ey%ors$

Chlorella s#& ,-*1


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-esiual bio"ass

Sacchariication

Bioethanol er"entation

a b s t r a c t

The resiual bio"ass o Chlorella s#& ,-*1 obtaine ater li#i e+traction %as use or

sacchariication an bioethanol #rouction& The carbohyrate %as sacchariie using si"#le

en?y"atic an che"ical "ethos using @ectine+ at #4 5&5 an 5 C an 0&: A 4Cl at 121

C or 15 "in %ith 76&9; an 9ohn et al& 2011)& Eost

o the carbohyrates containe in "icroalgae are in the

or" o starch an cellulose& The absence o lignin

inicates this "aterial can be easily converte into usable

"onosaccharies (4arun ananuaha 2011D 4arun et

al& 2011)& -esiual "icroalgae bio"assater li#i

e+traction or bioiesel #rouction can also be use or

bioethanol er"entation ue to the signiicant a"ount o


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.&,& ee et al& ' Bioresource Technology 196 (2015) 22272:

re"aining carbohyrates& n the case o

unaliella the carbohy*rate is "ostly

#resent as starch (ee et al& 201:a)& These

carbohy*rates have been successully

sacchariie into glucose an the resultingsacchariication broth %as use or bioethanol

er"enta*tion %ithout any #retreat"ent (ee

et al& 201:a)& This /in o seuential

#rouction o bioiesel an bioethanol can

i"#rove the overall cost*eectiveness o

"icroalgae*base #rouction o biouels&

Chlorella s#& ,-*1 accu"ulates total li#is at

u# to 0; o its ry "ass (ee et al& 201:cD

Aa et al& 2011)& ee et al& %ere able to co"*

#letely e+tract the li#is ro" Chlorella s#&

,-*1 bio"ass using a (7$: v'v) "i+ture oi"ethyl carbonate (EC) an "ethanol ol*

lo%e by transesteriication into atty aci

"ethyl esters (8=E3s) %ith a #rouctivity o

29:&< "g'g bio"ass (ee et al& 201:b)& n

the #resent stuy the total li#i*e+tracte

resiual bio"ass o Chlorella s#& ,-*1 in

%hich carbohyrates re#resent greater than

9&7; o its ry "ass %as use as eestoc/

or bioethanol #rouc*tion& Iarious en?y"atic

an ilute aci sacchariications o the

resiual bio"ass %ere investigate %ithout

any #retreat"ent& Saccharo"yces cerevisiae

%as use or bioethanol er"entation using

the sacchariication broth "ae ro" theresiual bio"ass o Chlorella s#& ,-*1

irectly %ithout any #retreat"ent&

2& Eethos

2&1& Cultivation an gro%th conitions o

Chlorella s#& ,-*1

The culture "eiu" co"#ositions or

Chlorella s#& ,-*1 %ere as ollo%s (Aa et al&

2011)$ ,A.: : "ED ,42@. 5& "ED

Aa24@. 1&


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an Jhang 2007)& = s"all a"ount o ree?e*

rie "icroalgae bio*"ass %as ae to 0&5

" o 72; (%'%) suluric aci an then

incubate or :0 "in at :0 C& The

hyrolysate %as ilute to ; (%'%) suluric

aci an incubate or 20 "in at 121 C

(sterili?a*tion)& The su#ernatant %as

neutrali?e an analy?e using high*#ressure

liui chro"atogra#hy (4@C)& sing the

irect transesteriication "etho #ro#ose by>o et al& (201) the li#is %ere eter"ine to

be co"#ose o 8=E3s& The #rotein content

%as analy?e using a "icro*,!eahl "etho

(=.=C 2000D "etho 976&05)& The ash

content %as eter"ine by co"#aring the

sa"#le %eight beore an ater heating in a

urnace at 600 C or 12 h&

2&& Sacchariication o li#i*e+tracte

resiual bio"ass an %hole Chlorella s#& ,-*

1 cells

2&&1& 3n?y"atic sacchariication

The en?y"atic sacchariication o Chlorella

s#& ,-*1 %as con*ucte using various

co""ercial en?y"es& @olygalacturonase

(@ectine+ ltra S@* %ith 9500

#olygalacturonase units (@)'")

a"yloglucosiase (=E :00 %ith :00

a"yloglucosi*ase units (=)'") cellulase

(Celluclast 1&5 %ith 700 enoglu*canase

units (3)'") an Iisco?y"e (%ith 100

ungalb*glucanase units (8B)'g) %ere

#urchase ro" Aovo?y"es(en"ar/)& 8or

en?y"atic sacchariication 5; (%'v) o the

resiual bio"ass or %hole cells %ere

incubate at various te"#eratures (:555

C) an #4 (:&56&5) in the #resence o

Celluclast 1&5 =E :00 Iisco?y"e or

@ectine+ ltra S@*& 3n?y"es %ere use in

the range o 0&0


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2 .&,& ee et al& ' Bioresource Technology 196 (2015) 2227

Table 1

Co"#ositions o %hole Chlorella s#& ,-*1 cells an the

li#i*e+tracte resiual bio"ass&

Co"#onents

Ghole cell

i#i*e+tracte resiual bio"ass

Carbohyrates

:6&1

9&7

lucose

(29&9)

(0&9)

alactose'+ylose

(2&:)

(:&1)

-ha"nose

(1&9)

(2&asco >a#an)& The chro*"atogra#hy

%as eui##e %ith an ="ine+ 4@K*


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length 0&5: "" ia"eter) an a la"e

ioni?ation etector (8)&

:& -esults an iscussion

:&1& T%o*ste# "etho or bioiesel #rouction

ro" Chlorella s#& ,-*1

8=E3s %ere synthesi?e using a t%o*ste#

"etho consisting o EC*"eiate li#i

e+traction ollo%e by Aovo?y"e :5*

cataly?e transesteriication o the e+tracte

li#is into 8=E3s& = "i+ture o EC an

"ethanol %as use as the e+traction solvent

or the "icroalgae li#isD EC %as thene"#loye as the

substrate or the synthesis o 8=E3s ro"

triglyceries& The 8=E3s %ere synthesi?e in

a yiel o 25029< "g 8=E3s #er gra" o

"icroalgae bio"ass&

:&2& Co"#osition analysis o %hole Chlorella

s#& ,-*1 cells an resiual bio"ass ater li#i

e+traction

The co"#ositions o %hole Chlorella s#& ,-*1

cell an the li#i*e+tracte resiual bio"ass

are sho%n in Table 1& sing only the EC

an "ethanol "i+ture (7$: v'v) the total

li#is e+tracte %as a##ro+i"ately :


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:5 C

5 C

55 C


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#4 :&5

#4 &5

#4 5&5

#4 6&5

#4 :&5

#4 &5

#4 5&5

#4 6&5

#4 :&5

#4 &5

#4 5&5

#4 6&5


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@ectine+ ltra S@*

1:&:

12&9

12&5

12&2

15&0

16&

17&5

1&9

1&:

1&9

15&:

1&onseca, C., Car/alheiro, >., 6&arte,

?.C., #ar@&es, ., *o'elB&=asi=, +., 20-0.

Hemicell&lose for f&el ethanol: a re/iew.

*ioreso&r. echnol. -0-, 5774; 500.

Har&n, +., 6an@&aha, #.., 20--. nzymatic

hy!rolysis of microal'al %iomass for %ioethanol

ro!&ction. Chem. n'. D. -3, -079;-05.

Har&n, +., Dason, W..


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Ho, .H., H&an', .W., Chen, C.&n'al m&ltienzyme ro!&ction on

in!&strial %yro!&cts of the citr&srocessin'

in!&stry. *ioreso&r. echnol. 99, 27;2.

#oley, $., Khan', &els 2-, 35;3.

Ga, D.$., ?ee, H.., Oh,


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in'h, D., $&, ., 20-0. Commercialization otential of

microal'ae for %iof&els ro!&ction. +enewa%le

&staina%le ner'y +e/. -5, 2493;23-0.

l&iter, A., 20--. 6etermination of str&ct&ral

car%ohy!rates an! li'nin in %iomass. Gational

+enewa%le ner'y ?a%oratory, A.htt:FFwww.nrel.'o/F%iomassF!fsF523-.!fP.

en'er!y, +.8., za=acs, $., 200. *iocon/ersion

of li'nocell&lose in soli! s&%strate fermentation.

*iochem. n'. D. -, -39;-79.

WiNEels, +.H., *ar%osa, #.D., 20-0. An o&tloo=

on microal'al %iof&els. cience 29, 793;799.

WiNEels, +.H., *ar%osa, #.D., in=, #.H.#., 20-0.

#icroal'ae for ro!&ction of %&l= chemicals an!

%iof&els. *iof&els, *ioro!. *iore1n. 5, 27;294.

Wi=an!ari, +., #illati, +., yamsiyah, .,

#&riana, +., Ay&nin'sih,

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