Bioenergy in Brazil. Prof. José Goldemberg - FAPESP · ABC/IAC Biofuels Workshop may 24 Bioenergy in Brazil. Prof. José GoldembergAuthors: G Robertson · I WalkerAbout: Biofuel

ABC/IAC Biofuels Workshop

may 24

Bioenergy in Brazil.

Prof. José Goldemberg

Coal140.7 EJ(27.29%)

Oil171.8 EJ(33.34%)

Gas105.2 EJ(20.42%)

Nuclear31.1 EJ(6.03%)

Large hydro10.6 EJ(2.06%)

Small hydro1.2 EJ

(0.24%)

Marine0.01EJ(0.00%)

Solar0.6 EJ

(0.11%)

Wind0.8 EJ

(0.16%)

Geothermal3.3 EJ

(0.64%)

Modern biomass9.4 EJ

(1.83%)

Traditional biomass40.7 EJ(7.90%)

World Primary Energy Supply (2008)

Shares of 516 EJ

New Renewables 15.33 EJ (2.96%)

Modern Renewables 25.94 EJ (5.03%)

Modern

BiomassEJ %

Bioethanol 1.7 0.32

Biodiesel 0.5 0.09

Bioelectricity 3.6 0.70

Heat 3.7 0.71

5

Problemas com o atual sistema

energético

i. Equidade

ii. Exaustão das reservas

iii. Segurança de abastecimento

iv. Impactos ambientais

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

toe

pe

r ca

pita

1971

1980

1990

2006

World average

(2006)

TPES/population (toe per capita)

FACING THE CHALLENGE

• Energy efficiency at the source and end-uses

• Renewables

• New technologies

Hay(horses)

BiofuelsHybrids

Electricity

1770s

1870s

1970s

The Evolution of Transportation

Coal(railroads, ships)

Petroleum(cars, trucks, ships,

airplanes)

2070s

Fluxograma do Processo de Produção de Açúcar

e Etanol

Cristalização

e

CentrifugaçãoEvaporação Açúcar

Fermentação Destilação Etanol

Vinhaça

Preparo

da cana

Extração

do caldo

Tratament

o do caldo

Bagaço

Vapor Eletricidade

Cana-de-

açúcar

“Birth certificate” of the Ethanol Program in Brazil

I. The expansion of ethanol production

Decree 76593 (November 14,1975)

The price of ethanol should be at parity with sugar

and 35% higher than the price of 1kg of sugar

II. The expansion of ethanol consumption

Mandates for the amount of ethanol

mixed into the gasoline (25% today).

Setting the price of ethanol paid to the producers

at 59% of the selling price of gasoline.

Increase in productivity through R&D

Country/region Present gasoline

consumption

(billion liters per year)

2007

Present ethanol

production

(billion liters per year)

2008

Potential demand

resulting from present

mandates up to

2020/22 per year

US 530 34 136

European Union 148 2.3 8.51

China 54 1.9 5.4

Japan 60 0.1 1.8

Canada 39 0.9 1.95

United Kingdom 26 0.03 1.3

Australia 20 0.075 2.0

Brazil 25.2 27 50

South Africa 11.3 0.12 0.9

India 13.6 0.3 0.68

Thailand 7.2 0.3 0.7

Argentina 5.0 0.2 0.25

The Philippines 5.1 0.08 0.26

Total 943.2 67.3 209.75

Present production and potential demand for ethanol

0,53

1,11

1,77

1,92

2,13 2,132,02 2,00

2,66

3,24

3,793,92

-

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

2002/2003 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009

Áre

a c

olh

ida

(m

ilh

õe

s d

e h

ac

tare

s)

Safra

Mecanizada

Manual

Área Total

Evolução da Colheita Mecanizada no

Estado de São Paulo

26

Source: New Energy Finance

Green stimuli, ($bn)

0.8

1.9

2.5

2.7

3.4

3.7

7.6

7.7

8.0

11.3

66.6

68.7

Canada

Brazil

France

UK

Australia

Germany

Spain

S Korea

Japan

EU27

US

China

Note: Total estimated amount announced by the 12 economies amounts to $

184.9bn

27

Source: New Energy Finance

Sector break down of global green

stimuli

36%

3%

19%5%

12%

26%

Efficiency Transportation All Renewables

Unspecified r&D grid