Bioenergetics, metabolism and enzymes

ENERGY UTILIZATIONBioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

KIM JIM F. RABORAR, RNMA Biology Education

Bicol UniversityGRADUATE SCHOOLLegazpi City

Cell and Molecular BiologyProf. Ma. Eden A. Ante, PhD

Objectives

After 2 hours of discussion, MABioEd students will be able to:1. Define Metabolism, Bioenergetics and

Enzymes in their own terms2. Review specific processes related with

metabolism3. Site specific techniques to be used in

teaching the concepts Metabolism, Bioenergetics and Enzymes

• 2.3 Chemical Equilibrium• 2.4 Biochemical Energetics• 2.5 Activation Energy and Reaction Rate• . Cell Chemistry and BiosynthesisThe Chemical

Components of a Cell• Catalysis and the Use of Energy by Cells• How Cells Obtain Energy from Food

Can you kill yourself by…

•….holding your breath?•….not eating?•….not drinking water?

Hmmn…

Energy

The biology of energy transformations and exchanges within and between living systems

and their environment.

The sum of all chemical process and energy utilization in a living system.

A functional protein that aids in the speeds up metabolism.

Definition of terms

BIOENERGETICSThe biology of energy transformations and

exchanges within and between living systems and their environment.

Energy for LIFEHow does living systems make use

of free energy? What is the point

of entry of the “energy” to the “living world”?

Bioenergetics• 2 laws of

thermodynamics• 2 Principal forms of

energy• Flow of Energy• Exergonic vs.

Endergonic Reactions

• Coupled Reactions• Gibbs free energy• ATP: storage and

utilization• Chemiosmotic

Theory• Energy Balance

Bioenergetics

Bioenergetics

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular RespirationEnergentically unfavorable vs. energetically

favorableIncreasing order in living systems?

Bioenergetics

GIBBS’ FREE ENERGY (J.W.G)

AG= Gproducts - Greactants

• AG < 0 ----------forward reaction • AG > 0 ----------reverse reaction • AG = 0 ----------equal rate

AG= AH - T AS where H is the enthalpy, T is temp, S is entropy(Ball-slide)(molecules in a container)(cherry bomb)

Bioenergetics

ATP• The most important energy carrier molecule

that fuels most chemical reactions.

Bioenergetics

Chemiosmotic Theory:ATP formation in oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and chloroplast.

Energy Balance:Energy intake= storage + internal heat + external work

Bioenergetics

METABOLISMThe sum of all chemical process and energy utilization in a living system.

MetabolismMetabolism AnabolismCatabolism

Build-upBreak downEndergonic

ReactionExergonic Reaction

Energetically unfavorableEnergetically

favorablePhotosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

REDOX Reaction- Simply put,

electron transfer

Metabolism

Metabolismbiosynthesis

Metabolism

Metabolism

ENZYMESA functional protein that aids in the metabolism.

• Lowers the needed energy (activation energy) to facilitate processes.

• Non-protein molecules that binds with the enzyme to assist in the metabolism.

Enzymes

Coenzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

• Krogh, David et al. Guide to Nature: BIOLOGY• Lodish, Harvey F. et.al.. MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, 4th

ed. 1999. WH Freeman and Company: New York, USA.• Alberts, Bruce et.al. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th

ed. 2002• Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary• http://

chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Theoretical_Chemistry/Chemical_Bonding/General_Principles/Bond_Energies

• www.youtube.com (Cellular Respiration by Hank Green)

References