Biodiversity verses species diversity… - WikispacesPP...Demand for Wildlife Products 3. Pollution 4. Introduced Species C. Conserving Biodiversity 1. Strategies for Conservation

Biodiversity verses species diversity…

how are they different?

Biodiversity includes the number of

different species and the counts of the

organisms in the different populations

is– kinda the “gene pool” of all

organisms

Species diversity is just the count of

the number of different species

2

Leaving a Mark

on the World

Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in

which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are

more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe

your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had

years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their

environment.

Section 6-1

3

4

5

Leaving a Mark on the World

Section 6-1

6

1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.

2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?

3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?

Section 6-1

Interest Grabber continued

7

6–1 A Changing Landscape

A. Earth as an Island

B. Human Activities

1. Hunting and Gathering

2. Agriculture

a) From Traditional to Modern Agriculture

b)The Green Revolution

3. Challenges for the Future

E. Industrial Growth and Urban Development

Section 6-1

Section Outline

8

Section 6-1 What Was the Green Revolution?

Term coined by U.S. Agency for International

Development director William Gaud (March 1968)

Movement to increase yields by using:

– New crop cultivars

– Irrigation

– Fertilizers

– Pesticides

– Mechanization

A planned international effort funded by:

– Rockefeller Foundation

– Ford Foundation

– Many developing country governments

Purposed to eliminated hunger by improving crop performance

9

Human

Activities

that have changed the biosphere include

may have once caused often relies on the methods of the have resulted in

which increased

Food supply Pesticide use Monoculture use

Hunting and gathering

Agriculture Industrial

growth Urban

development

Extinctions of large animals

Green revolution

High standard of living

Increased pollution

Section 6-1

Concept Map

10

Where Do Natural Resources Come From?

Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable

resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that

cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable

resource is used up, it is gone forever.

Section 6-2

Interest Grabber

Which of these are renewable?

11

1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.

a. Wood b. Fossil fuels c. Aluminum d. Wool e. Gold

2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.

Section 6-2

Interest Grabber continued

12

6–2 Renewable and Nonrenewable

Resources

A. Classifying Resources

B. Sustainable Development

C. Land Resources

1. Forest Resources

D. Ocean Resources

1. Overfishing

2. Sustainable Development

3. Aquaculture

E. Air Resources

F. Freshwater Resources

Section 6-2

Section Outline

13

Classifying Resources 1. Renewable

a) Not unlimited, but renewable

b) Replaced by growth (if biotic)

c) Replaced by biochemical cycles (if abiotic)

2. Non-renewable

a) Cannot be replenished by natural processes

b) Depends on context

i. Individuals are “renewable”

ii. Entire populations or species are not

14

World Fish Catch

Section 6-2

Sustainable agriculture

This diagram shows the

nitrogen cycle that farmers use

in their crop rotations.

Image by Kirstin Yogg

15

Cover Crops

Legumes, grasses, and other

cover crops recycle soil nutrients,

reduce fertilizer need, and

prevent weed growth.

Controlled Grazing

By managing graze periods and herd

densities, farmers can improve nutrient

cycling, increase the effectiveness of

precipitation, and increase the carrying

capacity of pastures.

Biological Pest Control

The use of predators and parasites

to control destructive insects

minimizes pesticide use as well as

crop damage

Contour Plowing

Contour plowing reduces

soil erosion from land runoff.

On hilly areas, plowing is done

across the hill rather than

straight up and down.

Crop Rotation

Different crops use and

replenish different nutrients.

By rotating crops, the loss

of important plant nutrients

is decreased.

A B C

Yr. 1

Yr. 2

Yr. 3

Section 6-4

Sustainable Agriculture

corn

corn

corn

alfalfa

alfalfa

alfalfa

oats

oats

alfalfa (plowed in)

16

World Fish Catch World Fish Catch per Person

To

tal C

atc

h

(mill

ion

to

ns)

Am

ou

nt o

f F

ish

pe

r P

ers

on

(kilo

gra

ms)

Year Year

Section 6-2

Fishery resources

17

18

Emissions to Atmosphere

Nitrogen oxides

Sulfur dioxide

Chemical Transformation

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

Precipitation

Acid rain, fog,

snow, and mist

Dry Fallout

Condensation

particulates, gases

Industry Transportation Ore smelting Power generation

Section 6-2

Air Resources

Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain

19

WhWhat Is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms- the # of species

and how many of each species there are in the biosphere. Sometimes

humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural resource.

Section 6-3

Interest Grabber

20

1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.

2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.

3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?

Section 6-3

Interest Grabber continued

21

6–3 Biodiversity

A. The Value of Biodiversity

B. Threats to Biodiversity

1. Habitat Alteration

2. Demand for Wildlife Products

3. Pollution

4. Introduced Species

C. Conserving Biodiversity

1. Strategies for Conservation

2. Challenges in Conservation

Section 6-3

Section Outline

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

22

23

Insects

Bacteria Fungi

Plants

Protists Other Animals

54.4%

4.2%

18%

3.4% 0.3%

19.7%

Section 6-3

Species Diversity

24

Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of

DDT Concentration

10,000,000

100,000

10,000

1,000,000

1

1000

Large Fish

Small Fish

Zooplankton

Producers

Water

Section 6-3

Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT

25

How Much Should It Cost?

You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price

usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds,

which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some

researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy

ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value.

Section 6-4

Interest Grabber

26

Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down what percentage of your income you would be willing to pay for it.

1. Fresh, clean drinking water

2. Clean air to breathe

3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer

4. Gas for your family car

Section 6-4

Interest Grabber continued

27

6–4 Charting a Course for the

Future

A. Ozone Depletion

B. Global Climate Change

1. Evidence of Global Warming

2. Possible Effects of Global

Warming

C. The Value of a Healthy Biosphere

Section 6-4

Section Outline

28

Ozone Depletion As it is, production of ozone-depleting

substances was mostly halted about 15 years

ago, though their abundance is only beginning

to decline because the chemicals can reside in

the atmosphere for 50 to 100 years. The peak

abundance of CFCs in the atmosphere

occurred around 2000, and has decreased by

roughly 4 percent to date. Stratospheric ozone

was depleted by 5 to 6 percent at middle

latitudes, but has somewhat rebounded in

recent years.

29

Global Warming – natural or not?

How can you take

personal action to help

solve environmental

problems? Talk with the people at your table

30

Anthropogenic Global Climate

Change 5 paragraph essay to include pro and con arguments. It also

will include your position and why you believe this position;

include facts! This must be your own work written in your

own words. Any plagiarizing will earn a zero and possibly

further consequences.

Put this sheet on the front of your paper.

Put your sources behind your paper.

Put your notes from the videos last.

Must be typed to earn above 85% Handwritten papers can

earn 85 points at the most

HW: finish your paper – due as you

walk in tomorrow!!

Video

Video

Click the image to play the video segment.

How Does Everything Fit?

33

Solar energy

Production of oxygen

Storage and recycling of nutrients

Regulation of climate

Purification of water and air

Storage and distribution of fresh water

Food production

Nursery habits for wildlife

Detoxification of human and industrial waste

Natural pest and disease control

Management of soil erosion and runoff

Section 6-4

Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services

34

Read pp 150-156

Create a conservation time-line in color

(see pp 154-5)

Vocabulary from 6-3 (see page 150)on

the back – numbered and in complete

sentences.

35

Finish your study guide, notes, Biodiversity

worksheet, etc.

If you are totally done, study for the biology test

tomorrow!

Internet

Interactive test

Articles on natural resources and pollution

For links on sustainable agriculture, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2061.

For links on biodiversity, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2063.

For links on global warming, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2064.

Go Online

Section 1 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers

1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.

Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil.

2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?

Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry.

3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?

Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.

Section 2 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers

1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.

a. Wood Renewable; new trees can be grown b. Fossil fuels Nonrenewable; once depleted they are gone c. Aluminum Nonrenewable; although recyclable, once depleted the resource is gone

d. Wool Renewable; sheep can grow new fleece e. Gold Nonrenewable; once gold ores are depleted no more gold can be made

2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.

Sample answers: fossil fuels; limited energy, which impacts on industry, quality of life, economy; gold and aluminum; decrease in components for technology, which also impacts on industry, quality of life, economy.

Section 3 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers

1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.

They provide food, medicine, building materials, and clothing.

2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.

Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms are extinct, they cannot be brought back to life by any natural processes.

3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?

Students may suggest protecting endangered species and ecosystems.

Section 4 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers

Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to

each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.

1. Fresh, clean drinking water

2. Clean air to breathe

3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer

4. Gas for your family car

Students’ answers will depend on how important the items are to them.

End of Custom Shows

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42

Human

Activities

that have changed the biosphere include

may have once caused often relies on the methods of the have resulted in

which increased

Section 6-1

Concept Map