Sumaitt PUTCHAKARN Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 THAILAND E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Biodiversity of Marine Invertebrates Dwelling in the Coral Reefs along the Gulf of Thailand First ASIAHORCs Joint Symposium, July 18-21, 2009
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Biodiversity of Marine Invertebrates Dwelling in the Coral ... · et.al. reported the first biodiersity in the coral reefs in the Gulf of Thailand (Pattaya area), 55 species of scleractinian
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Sumaitt PUTCHAKARNInstitute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen,
Biodiversity of Marine Invertebrates Dwelling in the Coral Reefs along the Gulf of Thailand
History: 3 episodes Episode I: The foreign Scientists Expedition to Siam
Episode II: Thai Scientist explorations
Episode III: Conclusion & Need for further Researches
- Three echinoids recorded from Siam in 1872 by A. Agassiz
Temnopleurus toreumaticus
Heterocentrotus mammillatus
??Salmacis rarispina
??
Episode I: The foreign Scientists Expedition to Siam
- The first describe mollusc from Thailand is boring bivalve, Pholas siamensis by the Danish malacologist, Lorenz Spengler in 1788
Episode I: The foreign Scientists Expedition to Siam
- The first describe marine sponge from Thailand is Prostylissa siamensis by the French zoologist, Dr. E. Topsent in 1925
The first station:The Danish Expedition to Koh Chang and Gulf of Siam, 1899–1900
The Danish Expedition to Koh Chang and Gulf of Siam, 1899–1900
Episode I: The foreign Scientists Expedition to Siam- The Danish Expedition to Siam, 1899–1900
provided many important marine biodiversity data for Thailand- Rudolph Bergh treated the tectibranch and nudibranch
snails (23 species, 8 of which were new)- Herman Lynge reported 375 species of calms and
mussels, 27 of which new- Mary Rathbun reported 103 species of crabs, 28 of which
new- Th Mortensen covered 16 species of sea urchin, 12 of
which new- R. Koehler reported 29 species of Ophiuroids in 1930- S,G. Heding & A. Panning reported 6 species of
phyllophorid holothurians, 4 of which new in 1954
Episode II: Thai Scientist exploration
- L. Kasinasak reported 37 species of echinoderms from Gulf of Thailand in 1965
- S. Putchakarn reported 56 species of echinoderms from Eastern Coast of Thailand in 1998
- S. Srithunya & et.al. reported the first biodiersity in the coral reefs in the Gulf of Thailand (Pattaya area), 55species of scleractinian corals, 2 fire corals and more than 100 invertebrates species in 1980-1983
- L.M. Chou & et al. reported 50 species of scleractinian corals, 1 fire coral from Koh Nok in Pattaya area in 1991
- S. Putchakarn reported 56 species of marine sponges from the Gulf of Thailand in 2006
Episode II: Thai Scientist exploration
- S. Putchakarn & et.al. reported 428 species of 15 phyla of marine invertebrates associated in coral reefs along the coast of Chonburi Province including Porifera 54, Cnidaria 151, Ctenophora 1, Platyhelminth 8, Nemertea 2, Annelida 21, Siphuncula 1, Echiura 1, Entoprocta 1, Phoronida 1, Mollusca 63, Arthropoda 21, Ectoprocta 3, Echinodermata 71, and Chordata, Urochordata 32
Phylum Porifera, Class Demospongiae51 species
Coelocarteria singaporensis (Carter, 1883)
Phylum Porifera, Class Calcarea
3 speciesClathrina sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa
7 speciesFire coral, Millepora platyphylla
Phylum Cnidaria, Class Scyphozoa
4 speciesJellyfish, Rhopilema rhopalophorum
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Scleractinia
91 species
Acropora formosa
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Gorgonacea15 species
Melithaea sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Alcyonacea
8 species
Dendronephthya sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Order pennatulacea5 speciesPteroeides sp. & Armina sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Actinaria15 species
Heteractis malu
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Zoanthidea
6 speciesPalythoa tuberculosa
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Coralimorphalia
6 speciesPseudocorynactis sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Antipatharia
3 speciesAntipathes sp.
Phylum Cnidaria, Order Ceriantharia
3 speciesCerianthus sp.
Phylum Ctenophora
1 speciesBolinopsis sp.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
8 speciesAcanthozoon sp.
Phylum Nemertea
2 speciesBaseodiscus quinquelineatus
Phylum Annelida
21 speciesEunice sp.
Phylum Annelida1 species
Siphonosoma sp.
Phylum Echiura
1 speciesBonellia sp.
Phylum Entoprocta
1 speciesLoxosomella sp.
Phylum Phoronida
1 speciesPhoronis australis
Phylum Mollusca, Class Polyplacophora
1 species
Acanthopleura sp.
Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda
21 species
Haliotis asinina
Phylum Mollusca, Nudibranchia
20 speciesRisbecia tryoni
Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia
17 species
Pteria crocea
Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda
3 species
Octopus sp.
Phylum Arthropoda21 species
Eucrate alcocki
Phylum Ectoprocta3 species
Zoobotryon verticillatum
Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea
4 species
Stephanometra spicata
Phylum Echinodermata, Class Asteroidea10 species
Luidia maculata
Phylum Echinodermata, Class Ophiuroidea16 species
Macrophiothrix variabilis
Phylum Echinodermata, Class Echinoidea17 species
Toxopneustes pileolus
Phylum Echinodermata, Class Holothuroidea
24 species
Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra
Phylum Chordata, Class Urochordata
32 species Atriolum robustrum
Inventory Review of Thai Echinoderms 381 species were recorded for Thailand from 28 articles and field observation by the author, including- Crinoidea (feather stars) 39 species- Asteroidea (sea stars) 69 species
- Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) 112 species
- Echinoidea (sea urchins) 67 species
- Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) 94 species
Distribution of echinoderms in Thailand Echinoderms Gulf of Thai Andaman Both
Crinoidea 4 32 3
Asteroidea 16 39 14
Ophiuroidea 27 56 31
Echinoidea 14 25 25
Holothuroidea 26 39 30
Total 87 191 103
Conclusion- Dominant species of marine invertebrates dwelling
in coral reefs along the Gulf of Thailand depended on environment habits, such as water turbidity, seasonal monsoon
Ircinia mutans Iotrochota baculifera
Conclusion- The more surveys, high opportunity to find
out new species or new recorded marine invertebrates for Thai Waters
Eucidaris metularia
Cliona patera
Mycale (Naviculina ) sp. newMelibe sp.
Conclusion- Species lost due to environmental impacts
Conclusion- Species lost due to environmental impacts:
Global warming
Needs for further Biodiversity researches I
- Survey & Monitoring
- Biology and ecology of marine invertebrate researches:
- Life cycle and reproduction
- Feeding behaviors
Needs for further Biodiversity researches II
- Biology and ecology of marine invertebrate researches:
- Color variation
- Associated animals
Needs for further Biodiversity researches III
etc…
Acknowledgement - National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) - Nagoya University and organizer staffs for