Biodiversity Chapter 10 SWBAT analyze human growth affects biodiversity.

Biodiversity

Chapter 10SWBAT analyze human growth affects

biodiversity

Bellwork

• BW: How many species do you come in contact with each day?

Bellwork

• What did you learn from yesterday’s activity?

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:

Rain forests Coral Reefs

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:Rain forests, coral reefs, etc.

-1.7 million species have been discovered on Earth; scientists believe there may be up to 10 million species in total

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:Rain forests, coral reefs, etc.

-1.7 million species have been discovered on Earth; scientists believe there may be up to 10 million species in total

-Where would we find unknown species?

Deep ocean

Remote wildernesses

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:Rain forests, coral reefs, etc.

-1.7 million species have been discovered on Earth; scientists believe there may be up to 10 million species in total

-Where would we find unknown species?

-Biodiversity has three levels:1. Species diversity:

Differences between & within populations of species

Species Diversity

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:Rain forests, coral reefs, etc.

-1.7 million species have been discovered on Earth; scientists believe there may be up to 10 million species in total

-Where would we find unknown species?

-Biodiversity has three levels:1. Species diversity:

Differences between & within populations of species2. Ecosystem diversity

Variety within and between ecosystems

Ecosystem Diversity

Bellwork

• What are the three types of biodiversity?

-Biodiversity:The number and variety of different species in a given area

-Places with high biodiversity:Rain forests, coral reefs, etc.

-1.7 million species have been discovered on Earth; scientists believe there may be up to 10 million species in total

-Where would we find unknown species?

-Biodiversity has three levels:1. Species diversity:

Differences between & within populations of species2. Ecosystem diversity

Variety within and between ecosystems

3. Genetic diversityDiversity in the genes contained within the members of a population

Genetic Diversity

-Gene: a piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Review Questions:

1. What is biodiversity?

2. Which places on earth have high biodiveristy?

3. How many species have humans discovered on earth? How many total species are estimated to exist on earth?

4. Name and define the three levels of biodiversity.

Review Questions:

1. What is biodiversity?The number and variety of different species in a given area

2. Which places on earth have high biodiveristy?Rain forests, coral reefs

3. How many species have humans discovered on earth? How many total species are estimated to exist on earth?

1.7 million species have been found, an estimated 10 million species have not yet been discovered

4. Name and define the three levels of biodiversity.Species diversity: Differences between & within populations of speciesEcosystem diversity:Variety within and between ecosystemsGenetic diversity:Diversity in the genes contained within the members

of a population

-Reasons why biodiversity is important:

1. Ecosystems with high rates of biodiversity are healthier

-A healthy ecosystem is able to support all its species.

-Healthy ecosystems have balanced energy and nutrient cycles

- A keystone species is a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it lives because it affects the survival and abundance of many other species in its community.

Pisaster

Cause and Effect

Keystone Species

• A keystone species exerts top-down influence on lower trophic levels and prevents species at lower trophic levels from monopolizing critical resources, such as competition for space or key producer food sources.

• These individual populations are the keystone of the community's structure, and the integrity of the community and its unaltered persistence through time."

Gray Wolf• Elk populations exploded, leading to the

overgrazing of plants• Significant declines in the populations of

many plant species (e.g., aspen, willow) resulted, which in turn influenced other wildlife, such as beaver and songbird populations (Ripple & Breschetta 2004, Hallofsky & Ripple 2008).

• Intensive browsing of aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands, for example, led to a rapid decline in the number of seedlings and root sprouts growing into saplings and trees.

• For many stands of these trees, only large diameter trees (i.e., those that had matured before the wolves were eradicated) remained.

Case Study: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs as Keystone Species in Prairie Ecosystem

As a keystone species, black-tailed prairie dogs impact the prairie ecosystem in multiple ways:

-Their burrows act as homes to other creatures, including burrowing owls, badgers, rabbits, black-footed ferrets, snakes, salamanders, and insects.

-Their burrowing activity works to loosen and churn up the soil, increasing its ability to sustain plant life.

-The enriched vegetation attracts an amazing array of wildlife who graze in their colonies.

-They act as a critical food source for such animals as the endangered black-footed ferret, swift fox, coyotes, hawks, eagles and badgers.

Bellwork

• What is the primary role of keystone species?

-Reasons why biodiversity is important:

1. Ecosystems with high rates of biodiversity are healthier

2. Species with high rates of genetic diversity are healthier

-Genetic diversity within a population increases the chances that individuals will develop traits which help them survive

• When a population shrinks, its genetic diversity decreases as though it is passing through a bottleneck.

• Even if such a population is able to increase again, there will be inbreeding within a smaller variety of genes.

• The members of the population may then become more likely to inherit genetic diseases.

Species and Population Survival

• 3. Humans rely on biodiversity for medical, industrial, and agricultural uses

• About one quarter of the drugs prescribed in the United Sates are derived from plants, and almost all of the antibiotics are derived from chemicals found in fungi.

• New chemicals and industrial materials may be developed from chemicals discovered in all kinds of species.

• The scientific community continues to find new uses for biological material and genetic diversity.

Medical and Industrial Uses

Medical Uses

-Reasons why biodiversity is important:

1. Ecosystems with high rates of biodiversity are healthier

2. Species with high rates of genetic diversity are healthier

3. Humans rely on biodiversity for medical, industrial, and agricultural uses

4. Recreation and Aesthetics

-Biodiversity is beautiful and can be used for recreation or to make money

-Ecotourism: tourism that supports the conservation of ecologically unique areas

Ecotourism

-Reasons why biodiversity is important:

1. Ecosystems with high rates of biodiversity are healthier

2. Species with high rates of genetic diversity are healthier

3. Humans rely on biodiversity for medical, industrial, and agricultural uses

4. Recreation and Aesthetics

Real World Application

• Describe the biodiversity of the ecosystem in the following documentary. Use (and underline) the following words:– Biodiversity– Species diversity– Genetic diversity– Ecosystem diversity– Keystone species

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA5qhC_Y1sw&feature=related

-Biodiversity at Risk-Mass extinctions diminish biodiversity

-Ex: The extinction of the dinosaurs 6.5 million years ago led to a decrease in biodiversity

-Biodiversity at Risk-Mass extinctions diminish biodiversity

-Ex: The extinction of the dinosaurs 6.5 million years ago led to a decrease in biodiversity

-Scientists believe we are currently in the middle of a mass extinction

-Earth has lost 25% of its species in the past two hundred years

-Species that are prone to extinction have small populations and do not adapt easily

-Migratory-Large individuals-Require special habitats

-Endangered species:A species that is likely to become extinct if not protected

-Threatened species:A species with a declining population that will become endangered if not protected

-Endangered species:A species that is likely to become extinct if not protected

-Threatened species:A species with a declining population that will become endangered if not protected

-Human effects on extinctions:

-Destruction of habitats

“As human populations grow, we use more land to build homes and harvest resources. In the process, we destroy and fragment the habitats of other species.”

-We destroy habitats because we aren’t careful to take only what we need.

-Endangered species:A species that is likely to become extinct if not protected

-Threatened species:A species with a declining population that will become endangered if not protected

-Human effects on extinctions:

-Destruction of habitats

-Introduction of nonnative species

-Exotic species: a species not native to a particular region

Australia's feral cat problem:

Destroy endangered, native animals

-Endangered species:A species that is likely to become extinct if not protected

-Threatened species:A species with a declining population that will become endangered if not protected

-Human effects on extinctions:

-Destruction of habitats

-Introduction of nonnative species

-Pollution

-Excessive hunting of species

-Poaching: illegal hunting

-Areas of critical biodiversity:

-Some areas of the world have greater biodiversity than other areas

-These areas have a large amount of endemic species

Endemic species: species that are native to and found only within a certain areaEx: Honeycreepers in Hawaii

-Coral reefs-Rain forests-Islands

-Biodiversity hotspots:-Most threatened areas with high biodiversity

-To protect biodiversity, the following tools are used:

1. Captive breeding programs breed species in captivity with the hope of reintroducing populations to their natural habitats

-To protect biodiversity, the following tools are used:

1. Captive breeding programs breed species in captivity with the hope of reintroducing populations to their natural habitats

2. Germ plasms are preserved for future use in species recovery efforts

-Germ plasm: the collection of any form of genetic material

3. Zoos, aquariums, and parks are developed to educate the public and gain support in special interest initiatives

-Preserving habitats and ecosystems has become a priority in order to protect biodiversity

-Conservationists focus on hotspots

-Legal protections for species

-1973 Endangered Species Act

-Provides a species recovery plan for each listed endangered species

-Protects plants and animals in danger of extinction- Can’t be sold or traded

-Encourages habitat conservation plans that protect large expanses of land from development

International efforts to protect species and habitats:

-The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)- organizes the bulk of international conservation efforts

-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Treaty: the first effective effort to stop the slaughter of African elephants- Ivory

International efforts to protect species and habitats:

-The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) organizes the bulk of international conservation efforts

-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Treaty: the first effective effort to stop the slaughter of African elephants- Ivory

-Biodiversity Treaty: preserves biodiversity and ensures the sustainable and fair use of genetic resources in all countries

-The UN’s Conference on Environment and Development

-Private efforts are often more effective than governmental efforts

-World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDTmjR_GG1w&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOp9l_rEy7o&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/user/WWF?blend=3&ob=0

BiodiversityGeneKeystone speciesEcotourismEndangered speciesThreatened speciesExotic speciesPoachingEndemic speciesGerm plasm

Lion King Classwork Questions

• 1. What role does biodiversity play in the health of the ecosystem?

• 2. What effects would a decrease in biodiversity have on the pride lands?

• 3. Explain the interconnectedness of the species in the pride lands.

Chapter 10 Review Questions:

1. What is biodiversity?

2. Which places on earth have high biodiveristy?

3. How many species have humans discovered on earth? How many total species are estimated to exist on earth?

4. Name and define the three levels of biodiversity.

Chapter 10 Review

1. What is a keystone species?

2. What is ecotourism?

3. How has biodiversity changed in the past 200 years?

4. What’s the difference between a threatened species and an endangered species?

5. What is an endemic species?

6. What tools can be used to help protect biodiversity?

Protection of Biodiversity Application:The Lion King

• How would the CITES treaty have affected the Pride Lands?

• How would the 1973 Endangered Species Act have affected the Pride Lands?

• According to your observation, which species of animal in the movie is in most need of protection? Why?

• Develop a governmental policy to protect the species of your choice.