Protéger la Zone: la p internation a biodiversité dans la pratique de l’Autorité nale des fonds marins
Protéger laZone: la p
internation
a biodiversité dans la pratique de l’Autoriténale des fonds marins
Ccz_2.wmv
Surprising diversity of CCZmegafauna from Nautile dives J
Psychropotes longicaudaCirrate octopod
Eyeless fish (Ophidiid?)
Z fauna, e.g., “charismatic” June 2004, > 20 spp. in few km2
Psychropotes semperiana
Anenome
Macrofauna also has very h
80 - 100 macrofaunal species per
Abyssal deep sea
Despite low habitat complexity – Rivals most diverse ecosystems on earth
1 m2
high local species diversity
r m2
Isopod
~ 50 spp per 100 individuals
Num
ber o
f spe
cies
Amphipod
Shipboard pollution
Tailings discharge
Benthic disturbance
Burial
Sediment plume
S
Potential environmental impacts
Sediment redeposition
Benthic ecosystem reecovery will be very slow
OMCO Testing mining Track in CCZ
~1.5 m wide
~10 cm deep
Appears very fresh.
How old is it?
Requires decades for rcommunity stru
recovery of soft sediment cture and function
OMCO Testing mining Track in CCZ
~1.5 m wide
~10 cm deep
Appears very fresh.
How old is it?
Recovery for nodule
Millennia: because nodules grow back
e specializing fauna?
k at rate of a few mm per million years
1) Protect 30-50% of manag(optimize conservation a
2) Each zone should captuvariability (all types of nplains seamounts scarp
General goals for establishPacific nodu
(Clarion-Clipperto
plains, seamounts, scarp3) Each zone should captu
population sizes for mosto “ensure persistence o(core area 200 km x 200
4) Make each zone large enbuffered from impacts osediment plumes (buffer
gement area (CCFZ) and sustainability benefits)re full range of habitat odule fields, sediment ps etc )
hing protected zones in the ule provinceon Fracture Zone)
ps, etc.).re minimum viable st components of the fauna of representative fauna” km).
nough that core region is of mining, e.g., mining r zone of 100 km).
100 km
Physical oceanographic models and tracer experiments suggest plume transport over scales of <100 km
PRA core
(Oebius, 2001; Rolinski et al. 2001; Ledwell 2000; Thurnherr 2004)
400 km
100 km
+ buffer
m
1) Protect 30-50% of managemeconservation and sustainabil
2) Each zone should capture fultypes of nodule fields, sedimetc.).
General goals for establishPacific nodu
(Clarion-Clipperto
3) Each zone should capture mifor most components of the frepresentative fauna” (core a
4) Make each zone large enoughfrom impacts of mining, e.g., zone of 100 km).
5) Replicate zones across the returnover of biota (forced by gproductivity).
6) Integrate zones into existing without compromising scient
7) Straight line boundaries for e
ent area (CCFZ) (optimize lity benefits)ll range of habitat variability (all ent plains, seamounts, scarps,
hing protected zones in the ule provinceon Fracture Zone)
inimum viable population sizes fauna to “ensure persistence of area 200 km x 200 km).h that core region is buffered mining sediment plumes (buffer
egion to capture N-S and E-W gradients in primary
ISA framework of mining claims, tific principles.ease of administration.