Bringing Biodiesel to the Automotive Classroom National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program
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Bringing Biodiesel to theAutomotive Classroom
National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program
Biodiesel Driving Forces Reduce dependence on imported crude oil and petrodiesel
from unstable parts of the world Reduce global warming by using a renewable fuel Reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines Can be used in any diesel engine without modifications,
existing fueling stations can be used Easy to use--drop in substitute for petroleum diesel fuel Produces over 3 times more energy than it takes to grow
and process the fuel Engine and vehicle companies approve the fuel for use Over 100 million miles of on-road trouble-free use both
here and abroad
Biodiesel (B100) Attributes
High Cetane (avg. over 50) Ultra Low Sulfur (avg. ~ 2 ppm) High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2% High Energy Balance (3.5 to 1) Renewable, Sustainable, Domestically Produced Increases overall fuel production capacity in USA Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
Why make biodiesel?
Diesel fuel injectorsare not designed forviscous fuels likevegetable oil
Glycerin (thick)
Biodiesel
Source: National Biodiesel Board
May 2008
NBB OEM Education
Summary
Biodiesel in the classroom Existing Curriculum Biodiesel in the shop Hands-on labs On-vehicle diagnosis Training resources
Biodiesel &Automotive Programs
Solar Energy International, CarbondaleColorado
Madison Area Technical College, Madison,Wisconsin
Sustainable Energy & Education TrainingBettendorf, Iowa
City College of San Francisco, California Wake Technical Community College, Raleigh,
NC High school Programs Central Carolina Community College,
Pittsboro, NC
SEI: Solar EnergyInternational
Seminar courses Hands-on program:
Engine care when using biodiesel
Biodiesel production technology
State and Federal LegislationTraining and Business models
Headquartered in Colorado International course offering
MATC: Madison Area Tech
National Science Foundation grant Instructors Ken Walz and Paul Morschauser Renewable Energy Certificate, a 12-credit
program offered through the Consortium ofEducation in Renewable Energy Technology(CERET)
Multi-disciplinary (Chemistry and DieselTechnology)
EPA Fleet Curriculum Collaborative effort: Community Fuels, City College of
San Francisco, San Francisco Department of theEnvironment, and Biofuel Oasis
Curriculum for fuel distributors, fleet operators,mechanics and drivers of trucking, municipal,construction and agricultural fleets.
Eight pilot fleets will use biodiesel blends andtheir experience will be monitored.
SEET: Sustainable EnergyEducation & Training Developed by the Advanced Technology
Environmental Education Center (ATEEC) andpartners
Build the capacity of energy and environmentaltechnicians
Professional development training for 50 upperlevel high school and community collegetechnology instructors.
http://www.ateec.org/profdev/seet/index.htm
Central CarolinaCommunity College
First Biofuel Class Offered at CCCC in 2002
Over $700,000 in funding for biofuel program since 2004 Extensive ASTM Biofuel Testing Lab New Sustainable Technologies Building in 2009
•$3.8 million; 18,000 sq. ft. classroom and laboratory building forBiofuels, Sustainable Agriculture, Green Building, & Culinary Arts.•LEED Certified Silver: green roof, on-site wastewater treatment, &photovoltaics.
•Will house a state of the art fuel production lab that will include seedcrushing, biodiesel production, and ethanol production.
For more information go to www.cccc.edu/biofuelsAlternative Energy Technologies: Biofuels begins Fall
2008!
Wake TechCommunity College
National Alternative Fuels TrainingConsortium Partner
Heavy Duty Diesel EquipmentProgram
Two day and one day biodieselcourses in Continuing Education
Merrimack High School
Students and teachers fromNH high school
Partnership with University ofNew Hampshire
2008 National BiodieselConference
Using biodiesel in athe school’sInternational bus forfield trips
West Philadelphia HighSchool
After-school project for automotivestudents
2006 star at the Philadelphia AutoShow
Top 10 Early Contenders for theAutomotive X Prize
Combined Azure Dynamics electricdrive system with a Corolla chassis, 2cylinder diesel
built & raced alternative fuel vehicles,including electric, hybrid and bio-diesel, for the last nine years
Curriculum Crossover
Engine Fundamentals Fuel Systems Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions Public speaking &
customer service Alternate Fuels
Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, EPA, 2002aAn Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles, DOE/USDA, 1998bProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
Bridging the Biodiesel Gap 5/29/2008
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%Carbon Dioxide
ParticulateMatter
CarbonMonoxide Hydrocarbons Sulfates PAH NOx
16% 17%
12%
19%22%
+2%
8.2%b
16%a
-2%
Committee Name Here
Jetta TDI on biodiesel
Jetta TDI on petroleum diesel
Jetta 2.0L gasoline engine
Toyota Prius on gasoline
Toyota Fuel Cell vehicle (hydrogen)
Dodge ESX3 (diesel-hybrid) on biodiesel
Vehicle cost $19,970 $19,970 $18,790 $21,520 $100,0003 $28,500 Fuel efficiency (FE) 41/48.5 42/50 24/31 52/45 5.74 72 Vehicle range (miles) 609/711 609/711 348/450 619/536 155 ??? Power (hp) 90 90 115 70 110 ??? Torque (ft-lbs) 155 155 122 82 188 ??? Cost/mile2 $0.047 $0.040 $0.062 $0.035 $0.195 $0.03 Energy density (ED) of fuel (Thousands of BTUs/gal)
127 141 123 123 9 127
Fossil Fuel Energy Balance FEB)6
3.2 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.667 3.2
Total fossil energy input/mile 8 (Thousand BTU/mile)
0.89 3.7 6.0 3.4 2.4 0.55
1 Assuming modern catalyst used with the TDI running biodiesel or ULSD. 2 Assuming $1.70/gallon for gasoline, $1.80 for petroleum diesel, and $2.16/gallon for biodiesel, based on 50/50 average of city/highway 3 Honda’s estimate for the cost of their fuel cell vehicles in mass production in 2012 4 Miles per gallon of hydrogen com pressed to 5,000 psi (35 atmospheres), based on maximum range of Honda’s FCV of 170 miles on a 30 gallon tank 5 30 gallons at 5,000 psi equals 3.2 kg of hydrogen (hydrogen density at 14.7 psi is 0.0003142 kg/gal, at 5000 psi it’s 0.1069 kg/gal). Typical cost for very large consumers of compressed hydrogen expected to be $10/kg. So, $32 for 170 miles. 6 See http://www.mda.state.mn.us/ethanol/balance.html 7 Assumes hydrogen produced from steam reformation of natural gas, fossil energy balance (net energy ratio) taken from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/27637.pdf
Lesson Possibility - Vehicle comparison (energy efficiency, economics, etc.)
268 gallons20 gallonsTank capacity required for 1,000mile range in conventional sedan
Currently 50-100 times as expensiveas existing engines.
Comparable to existing vehiclesCost of engines
30-70 years optimistic assumption5-15 yearsTime scale for wide scale use
Highly flammable, high pressurestorage tanks pose a large risk dueto store mechanical energy, as wellas flammability/explosiveness
Flash point over 300° F (considered“not flammable”)
Safety
To produce enough clean hydrogenfor our transportation needs wouldcost $2.5 trillion (wind power) or$25 trillion (solar)
For an estimated $1691 billion,enough algae farms could be built tocompletely replace petroleumtransportation fuels with biodiesel
Large scale fuel development costanalysis
0.66 units (steam reforming ofnatural gas)
3.2 units (soy)4.3 units (rapeseed)
Fossil Energy Balance [higher isbetter]
No system currently exists, wouldtake decades to develop. Wouldcost $176 billion to put onehydrogen pump at each of the fillingstations in the US.
Can be distributed with existingfilling stations with no changes.
Fuel Distribution System
Electrolyzing water (most likelyusing fossil fuel energy) orreforming fossil fuels. Most likelynon-renewable methods with largenet CO2 emissions
Can be used in existing dieselengines, which have already been inuse for 100 years
Technological Readiness
HydrogenBiodiesel
Comparison of Biodiesel and Hydrogen asFuels of the Future
Biodiesel in theShop
Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel
Production Understanding Fuel
Quality Educational Tours
Hands-on Labs Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel
Production Understanding Fuel
Quality Educational Tours
Mobile Biodiesel Education
Department of Energy Grant for $52,000 for 6 six workshops across North Carolina
Mobile Biodiesel WorkshopsState Energy OfficeOilseed crushing & refiningSmall Scale Biodiesel ProductionFuel Filtration and Polishing10kw onan diesel genset
Trailer Upgrades in 2008
Useful Tools Injector Pressure Tester Hand Vacuum Pump Fuel Filter Pressure Gauge Biodiesel Mini Lab Fuel Quality test kits Educational Tours
Department ofEnergy (DOE)B100 & BlendsMaterialCompatibilityEngine PerformanceDiesel and BiodieselEmissions
Handling & Usage
Understanding Diesel Fuel
Similar to Changesin GasolineTechnical reviewpanel Ultra-Low sulfurDieselBiodiesel Blends
Fleet ManagementExperiences
Cold weather can cloud and even gel anydiesel fuel, including biodiesel.
Users of a B20 with #2 diesel will usuallyexperience an increase of the cold flowproperties (cold filter plugging point, cloudpoint, pour point) approximately 2 to 10°Fahrenheit.
Similar precautions employed for petroleumdiesel are needed for fueling with 20percent blends.
• blending with #1 diesel (kerosene)• using fuel heaters and parking indoors• and using a cold-flow improvementadditive
Biodiesel EducationResources
http://biofuels.coop/ www.biodiesel.org http://www.bq-9000.org www.nearbio.com - Where Can I buy it? www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel http://www.uidaho.edu/bioenergy/index.html 1- 866-BIODIESEL Hotline is staffed 24/7 www.nrel.gov
• NREL Handling & Use Guidelines http://www.biodieselmagazine.com www.bbibiofuels.com
• Biodiesel Magazine• Biofuel Magazine
NBB Resources
•www.biodiesel.org• Curriculum
• Technical Library
• Biodiesel Bulletin
• Educational Videos Available
• Informational Resources
• Technical Resources
• On-line Database & Spec Sheets
•www.BQ-9000.org• Biodiesel Quality Certification Program forAccredited Producers and Certified Marketers
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