Biodiesel and How to make it

ALTERNATIVE FUELS(BIODIESEL)

CONTENTS

Need of allternate fuel What is biodiesel? How it is made? Advantages of biodiesel over diesel

Disadvantages Emission tests Why biodiesel should be used?

World today is facing the pinch of rising energy consumption.

Green house gas emissions and global warming is also in the forefront of critical issues.

India is ranked 6th in terms of energy demands but its domestic crude oil production satisfies only ¼th of our current demands.

Burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide

Fossil fuels are a finite resource

Biodiesel closed carbon cycle

Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum,coal), and nuclear materials such as uranium.

Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional fuels.

What is Biodiesel? Alternative fuel for diesel engines

Made from vegetable oil or animal fat

Meets health effect testing (CAA)

Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer

Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride esters

Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerin

Vegetable Oil

Biodiesel

FA

Biodiesel

Sources of biodiesel: Honge Jatropha

High capital, broad scale production plan initiated

Cost per liter projected at Rs. 27

Biodiesel from Jatropha

Seeds of the Jatropha nut is crushed and oil is extracted

The oil is processed and refined to form bio-diesel.

Biodiesel can be used in existing

Diesel Engines Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with

petroleum diesel (B20, BXX). Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil. Little or no engine modifications Use existing fuel distribution network.

Biodiesel is made from the combination of a triglyceride with a monohydroxy alcohol (i.e. methanol, ethanol…).

What is a triglyceride? Made from a combination of glycerol and three fatty acids:

CH2OOR1 catalyst CH2OH| |CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OORx + CHOH| |CH2OOR3 CH2OHTriglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel

Glycerin

R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)

After Glycerin removal, biodiesel now just needs to be cleaned/purified before.

Diesel engines run better and last longer on biodiesel.

The original diesel engine was designed to run on biodiesel made on the farm.

Biodiesel is a much better lubricant.

According to the Guinness World Records, a German truck travelled 780,000 miles on biodiesel.

Biodiesel has a high cetane rating, making it a premium fuel that improves performance.

Biodiesel burns up to 75 percent cleaner, reducing black smoke and cleaning fuel injectors.

It is less suitable for use in low temperatures. It cannot be transported in pipelines. It gives out more nitrogen oxide emissions. Only a few petrol stations offer biodiesel-fuel. It can only be used in diesel-powered engines. It can cause inner fuel tubes of older vehicles

to lose their long-lasting qualities.

It is more likely than petroleum diesel to attract moisture, which can cause problems in cold weather (fuel freezing, deposit of water in the vehicle fuel delivery system, fuel cold flow, clouding, and an increased corrosion, for example) and increase the risk of microbial growth (which can also clog engine filters).