BIOCONTROL OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS DR.P.K. SUMODAN LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY GOVT. COLLEGE, MADAPPALLY
Jan 11, 2016
BIOCONTROL OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS
DR.P.K. SUMODANLECTURER IN ZOOLOGY
GOVT. COLLEGE, MADAPPALLY
MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTSPESTS
1. DISEASE TRANSMITTERS- VECTORS1. DISEASE TRANSMITTERS- VECTORS Mosquitoes, sand flies, fleas, tsetse Mosquitoes, sand flies, fleas, tsetse
flies, black flies, head lice, reduviid flies, black flies, head lice, reduviid bugs etc.bugs etc.
2. DIRECTLY HARMFUL2. DIRECTLY HARMFUL Nasal botflies, midges, blowflies, bed Nasal botflies, midges, blowflies, bed
bugs, non-vector mosquitoes, ants, bugs, non-vector mosquitoes, ants, bees, wasps etc.bees, wasps etc.
ANNUAL MORTALITY DUE TO INFECTIOUS ANNUAL MORTALITY DUE TO INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (WHO 2004)AND PARASITIC DISEASES (WHO 2004)
(Total = 109,04,000)(Total = 109,04,000)
13%
14%
26%2%16%
10%
19%
DIORRHEA
OTHER
HIV
CHDVBD
TB
VECTORS AND DISEASESVECTORS AND DISEASESORDER MEMBERS GENUS DISEASES
DIPTERA MOSQUITOES ANOPHELES MALARIA
CULEX FILARIA, J.E., WNE Etc.
AIDES DENGUE, YELLOW FEVER
MANSONIA FILARIA
BLACKFLIES SIMULIUM ONCHOCERCIASIS
SANDFLIES PHLEBETOMUS KALA AZAR
HOUSEFLIES MUSCA CHOLERA, DIARRHOEA
TSETSEFLIES GLOSSINA AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
PHTHIRAPTERA HEAD LOUSE PEDICULUS TYPHUS
SIPHONAPTERA FLEAS XENOPSYLLA PLAGUE
HEMIPTERA REDUVIID BUGS TRIATOMA,PANSTRONGYLUS,RHODNIUS
CHAGAS DISEASE
INSECTS CAUSING INJURYINSECTS CAUSING INJURY
ORDER MEMBERS HEALTH HAZARDS
DIPTERA MOSQUITOES SUCK BLOOD
BLOW FLIES PAINFUL BITES
BITING MIDGES PAINFUL BITES
NASAL BOTFLIES MYASIS
HEMIPTERA BEDBUGS SUCK BLOOD
HYMENOPTERA ANTS, WASPS, BEES GENERAL INFLAMMATION (POISONOUS)
VECTOR CONTROL METHODSVECTOR CONTROL METHODS
CHEMICAL – D.D.T, MALATHION, CHEMICAL – D.D.T, MALATHION, SYNTHETIC PYROTHROIDS, SYNTHETIC PYROTHROIDS, FENTHION, TEMEPHOS, Etc.FENTHION, TEMEPHOS, Etc.
BIOLOGICAL – FISHES, BACTERIA, BIOLOGICAL – FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI Etc.FUNGI Etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL – SOURCE ENVIRONMENTAL – SOURCE REDUCTION , INSECT PROOFING, Etc.REDUCTION , INSECT PROOFING, Etc.
VECTORS AMENABLE TO VECTORS AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROLBIOLOGICAL CONTROL
MOSQUITOES MOSQUITOES BLACK FLIESBLACK FLIES
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOESMOSQUITOES
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTSAGENTS
FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUSES, PROTOZOA, NEMATODES, MITES, INSECTS, SPIDERS, TURTLES, BIRDS, LIZARDS, BATS Etc.
MOSQUITO A PROFILEMOSQUITO A PROFILE
GENERA - 37GENERA - 37
SPECIES - 3500 (APPROX)SPECIES - 3500 (APPROX)
VECTOR GENERA - 8VECTOR GENERA - 8
VECTOR SPECIES - 100 (APPROX)VECTOR SPECIES - 100 (APPROX)
NUMBER OF DISEASESNUMBER OF DISEASES
TRANSMITTED - 50 (APPROX)TRANSMITTED - 50 (APPROX)
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS IN USEIN USE
FISHESFISHES
GAMBUSIA AFFINISGAMBUSIA AFFINISPOECILIA RETICULATAPOECILIA RETICULATAAPLOCHEILUS BLOCKIAPLOCHEILUS BLOCKIAPLOCHEILUS PANCHAXAPLOCHEILUS PANCHAXAPLOCHEILUS LINEATUSAPLOCHEILUS LINEATUSOREOCHROMIS OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUSMOSSAMBICUSDANIO AEQUIPINNATUSDANIO AEQUIPINNATUSMACROPODUS CUPANUSMACROPODUS CUPANUS
..
BACTERIABACTERIA
BACILLUS THURINGIENSISBACILLUS THURINGIENSISBACILLUS SPHAERICUSBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
FEEDING EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS FEEDING EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS FISHES (SUMODAN & KUMAR 1998)FISHES (SUMODAN & KUMAR 1998)
Fish species Average length (cm)
Daily av. Consumption of larvae/fish
Aplocheilus blocki 3.8 102.6
Aplocheilus lineatus 4.8 225.4
Rasbora daniconius 6.8 464.3
Puntius vittatus 3.7 154.4
Puntius amphibious 7.4 237.4
Puntius melanampyx 2.7 164.8
Danio aequipinnatus 6.1 191.8
Macropodus cupanus 3.6 189.4
PREFERRED QUALITIES OF PREFERRED QUALITIES OF LARVIVOROUS FISHESLARVIVOROUS FISHES
SMALL IN SIZESMALL IN SIZE
SURFACE FEEDERSSURFACE FEEDERS
NON EDIBLENON EDIBLE
HARDYHARDY
EASY TO CULTUREEASY TO CULTURE
CARNIVOROUSCARNIVOROUS
INDIGENOUSINDIGENOUS
GAMBUSIA AFFINISGAMBUSIA AFFINIS
APLOCHEILUS BLOCKIAPLOCHEILUS BLOCKI
RASBORA DANICONIUSRASBORA DANICONIUS
POECILIA RETICULATAPOECILIA RETICULATA
IMPACT OF INTRODUCTION OF APLOCHEILUS IMPACT OF INTRODUCTION OF APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI ON ANOPHELES STEPHENSI IN GOA BLOCKI ON ANOPHELES STEPHENSI IN GOA
DURING 1994-1995(Kumar et al 1998)DURING 1994-1995(Kumar et al 1998)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
% H
ab
. +
ve/P
er
dip
den
sit
y
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Per Dip Density
% Habitat Positive
YEAR
BACILLUS THURINGIENSISBACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
BACILLUS SPHAERICUSBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
BACILLUS THURINGIENSISBACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
ISOLATION – 1976ISOLATION – 1976IMPORTANT VARIETY – IMPORTANT VARIETY – BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSISISRAELENSISTARGET STAGE – LARVAETARGET STAGE – LARVAEMODE OF ENTRY – INGESTIONMODE OF ENTRY – INGESTIONPATHOLOGY – LYSIS OF MIDGUT PATHOLOGY – LYSIS OF MIDGUT CELLS, LEAKAGE OF DIGESTIVE CELLS, LEAKAGE OF DIGESTIVE JUICES INTO HAEMOCOEL.JUICES INTO HAEMOCOEL.
BACILLUS SPHAERICUSBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
ISOLATION – 1978ISOLATION – 1978IMPORTANT VARIETY – IMPORTANT VARIETY – BACILLUS BACILLUS SPHAERICUS H5a, 5bSPHAERICUS H5a, 5b
TARGET STAGE – LARVAETARGET STAGE – LARVAEMODE OF ENTRY – INGESTIONMODE OF ENTRY – INGESTIONPATHOLOGY – SWELLING OF MIDGUT PATHOLOGY – SWELLING OF MIDGUT WALL, DAMAGE TO MIDGUTWALL, DAMAGE TO MIDGUTSYMPTOMS – TREMORS, SLUGGISH.SYMPTOMS – TREMORS, SLUGGISH.
IMPACT OF WEEKLY SPRAYING OF BACILLUS IMPACT OF WEEKLY SPRAYING OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS IN GOA DURING THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS IN GOA DURING
1994-1995 (Kumar et al 1998)1994-1995 (Kumar et al 1998)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
YEAR
%HA
BITA
T PO
SITI
VE/P
ER D
IP
DENS
ITY
00.511.522.533.544.5
% Habitat PositivePer Dip Density
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BLACK BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES (VECTOR OF FLIES (VECTOR OF ONCHOCERCIASISONCHOCERCIASIS))
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT: BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSISISRAELENSIS
USE: WEST AFRICA FROM 1982-97: 5 USE: WEST AFRICA FROM 1982-97: 5 MILLION LITRES AGAINST SIMULIUM MILLION LITRES AGAINST SIMULIUM DAMNOSUMDAMNOSUM
IN BRAZIL AGAINST S. PERTINAXIN BRAZIL AGAINST S. PERTINAX
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF FISHESASPECTS OF FISHES
POSITIVE: NON POLLUTANT, POSITIVE: NON POLLUTANT, MOSQUITOES DO NOT DEVELOP MOSQUITOES DO NOT DEVELOP RESISTANCE, LESS EXPENSIVE, LONG RESISTANCE, LESS EXPENSIVE, LONG LASTINGLASTINGNEGATIVE: EXOTIC SPECIES MAY NEGATIVE: EXOTIC SPECIES MAY DISTROY INDIGENOUS FAUNA, NOT DISTROY INDIGENOUS FAUNA, NOT SUITABLE FOR POLLUTED WATER, SUITABLE FOR POLLUTED WATER, NOT EFFECTIVE IN HABITATS WITH NOT EFFECTIVE IN HABITATS WITH VEGETATIONVEGETATION
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF BACTERIAASPECTS OF BACTERIA
POSITIVE: NON TOXIC, SPECIFICITYPOSITIVE: NON TOXIC, SPECIFICITY
NEGATIVE: EXORBITANTLY EXPENSIVE NEGATIVE: EXORBITANTLY EXPENSIVE ( COMPARED TO TEMEPHOS IT IS 100 ( COMPARED TO TEMEPHOS IT IS 100 TIMES COSTLIER)TIMES COSTLIER)
NOT SUITABLE FOR POTABLE WATER NOT SUITABLE FOR POTABLE WATER SOURCES, CUMBERSOME SOURCES, CUMBERSOME APPLICATIONAPPLICATION
THANK YOUTHANK YOU