Biocontamination

Biocontamination

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Living organisms (such as bacteria, enzymes, fungi, viruses) or their products that can be hazardous to animal or human health if inhaled, swallowed, or otherwise absorbed into the body.

Definition:Biocontamination means contamination with biological

material or agents

Source:

Microorganism (such as bacteria, enzymes, fungi, viruses) Water Insects Soil

Several types of Biocontaminants are found in the environment

Indicator molds• Molds are fungi that act as environmental decomposers that aid in the

decomposition of plant matter such as trees and leaves and also decaying organic material.• Three categories of different types of molds are 1. common indoor, 2. common outdoor,3. water damage indicators.

Gram negative and positive bacteria

Gram Negative BacteriaGram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.

Gram Positive BacteriaGram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the gram stain test.

Microbial Particulates• Different microbial organism or particulate presence in the bio

can be as an indicator of the biocontamination. • Different types of microbial organisms grow into different types of

environments. • Due to having different types of environments different types of

microbial particulate growing can easily be used as a biocontaminant.

Mycotoxins• The word Mycotoxin came from Greek word mykes, mukos meaning"fungus" and toxikon meaning "poison"). • It is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the

fungus kingdom, commonly known as molds. • The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical

products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.

Galactomannans•Galactomannans are often used in food products to increase

the viscosity of the water phase.•Guar gum has been used to add viscosity to artificial tears,

but is not as stable as carboxymethyl cellulose. •As it is used as a food for different materials so it can easily

used to biocontaminate.

Bio-Contamination of Drinking Water

Types of Biological Organisms Present in Water(a)Bacteria(b)Algae and plant-like flagellate protozoa(c)Pathogenic protozoa

Biofilm formation

Initial attachment

Irreversible attachment

Mutation

Dispersion

Example

Bio-contamination of pharmaceutical product

Biocontamination of air in pharmaceutical area

Biocontamination Effect

Decrease

EfficacyDecrease

Pharmacological properties

Biocontamination control techniquesThe following control techniques may be used alone or more commonly in combination:• Continuous turbulent flow circulation.•Avoid dead legs.

• Pipe work of ambient temperature system, isolated from hot pipes.•Growth

• For Bioflim removal it is necessary to conduct a series of sanitation and chemical steps. E.g. chlorine, formaldehyde.

 ISO Biocontamination Standards• Part 1 : General principles, describes the principles and

basic methodology for a formal system to assess and control biocontamination

• Part 2: Evaluation and interpretation of biocontamination data, gives guidance on basic principles and methodological requirements for all microbiological data evaluation, and the estimation of biocontamination data obtained from sampling for viable particles in zones at risk, as specified by the system selected

Prevention of pharmaceutical biocontamination

1. Ultraviolet radiation and Ozone2. Temperature3. Cross contamination prevention4. Reverse osmosis

Essential facts related to

Biocontamination

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