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BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW REVIEW
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Page 1: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEWREVIEW

Page 2: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?ATOMS?

Page 3: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT GENERAL TYPE OF PROTEIN WHAT GENERAL TYPE OF PROTEIN WOULD AN ENZYME BE?WOULD AN ENZYME BE?

Page 4: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WOULD THE CARBON ATOM LIKELY WOULD THE CARBON ATOM LIKELY EXIST AS AN ION? WHY?EXIST AS AN ION? WHY?

Page 5: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT GENERAL STRUCTURES WHAT GENERAL STRUCTURES WOULD BE FORMED BY WOULD BE FORMED BY DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?

Page 6: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT POLYMER OF WHAT POLYMER OF CARBOHYDRATES WOULD MOST CARBOHYDRATES WOULD MOST LIKELY OCCUR IN ANIMALS?LIKELY OCCUR IN ANIMALS?

Page 7: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT PLANT POLYMER OF WHAT PLANT POLYMER OF CARBOHYDRATES DO WE NOT HAVE CARBOHYDRATES DO WE NOT HAVE AN ENZYME TO BREAK DOWN?AN ENZYME TO BREAK DOWN?

Page 8: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ARE THE TWO USUAL WHAT ARE THE TWO USUAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS?BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS?

Page 9: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT SPECIFIC TYPE OF COVALENT WHAT SPECIFIC TYPE OF COVALENT BOND OCCURS IN PROTEINS?BOND OCCURS IN PROTEINS?

Page 10: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT PROPERTY IS IT WHEN WHAT PROPERTY IS IT WHEN WATER MOLECULES ARE WATER MOLECULES ARE ATTRACTED TO OTHER WATER ATTRACTED TO OTHER WATER MOLECULES?MOLECULES?

Page 11: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS?OF NUCLEIC ACIDS?

Page 12: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

AT WHAT PART OF AN ENZYME AT WHAT PART OF AN ENZYME DOES A SUBSTRATE ATTACH?DOES A SUBSTRATE ATTACH?

Page 13: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT GENERAL CLASS OF WHAT GENERAL CLASS OF SUBSTANCES ARE ON THE LEFT SUBSTANCES ARE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF AN EQUATION?SIDE OF AN EQUATION?

Page 14: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT GENERAL TYPE OF WHAT GENERAL TYPE OF COMPOUNDS WOULD HYDROLYSIS COMPOUNDS WOULD HYDROLYSIS PRODUCE?PRODUCE?

Page 15: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF FORMULA DO WHAT TYPE OF FORMULA DO ISOMERS SHARE THAT IS EXACTLY ISOMERS SHARE THAT IS EXACTLY THE SAME?THE SAME?

Page 16: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHICH ORGANIC GROUP CONTAINS WHICH ORGANIC GROUP CONTAINS THE MOST ENERGY WITHIN ITS THE MOST ENERGY WITHIN ITS BONDS?BONDS?

Page 17: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

NAME THE THREE MAJOR NAME THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE?COMPONENTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE?

Page 18: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHICH TYPE OF NUCLEIC ACID IS WHICH TYPE OF NUCLEIC ACID IS THE MOST SIMPLE?THE MOST SIMPLE?

Page 19: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT FACTOR DETERMINES THE WHAT FACTOR DETERMINES THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF A PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF A PROTEIN?PROTEIN?

Page 20: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

IN WHAT ORGANIC GROUP ARE IN WHAT ORGANIC GROUP ARE STEROIDS CLASSED?STEROIDS CLASSED?

Page 21: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

NAME THE THREE COMMON NAME THE THREE COMMON GROUPS OF ALL AMINO ACIDS.GROUPS OF ALL AMINO ACIDS.

Page 22: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF BONDS DETERMINE WHAT TYPE OF BONDS DETERMINE SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURE IN PROTEINS?STRUCTURE IN PROTEINS?

Page 23: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TWO GROUPS COMBINE BY A WHAT TWO GROUPS COMBINE BY A PEPTIDE BOND IN PROTEIN PEPTIDE BOND IN PROTEIN CONDENSATION?CONDENSATION?

Page 24: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT GENERAL GROUP OF LIPIDS WHAT GENERAL GROUP OF LIPIDS ARE MOST DANGEROUS TO OUR ARE MOST DANGEROUS TO OUR HEALTH?HEALTH?

Page 25: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHY WOULD COMPOUNDS WITH WHY WOULD COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROXYL GROUPS DISSOLVE IN HYDROXYL GROUPS DISSOLVE IN WATER?WATER?

Page 26: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT IS THE OPTIMUM WHAT IS THE OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE OF MOST ENZYMES TEMPERATURE OF MOST ENZYMES IN THE HUMAN BODY?IN THE HUMAN BODY?

Page 27: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF GLUCOSE HAS THE WHAT TYPE OF GLUCOSE HAS THE HYDROXYL GROUP UP ON THE HYDROXYL GROUP UP ON THE FIRST CARBON?FIRST CARBON?

Page 28: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WOULD AMYLOSE INCLUDE UNITS WOULD AMYLOSE INCLUDE UNITS OF BETA OR OF ALPHA GLUCOSE?OF BETA OR OF ALPHA GLUCOSE?

Page 29: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHY ARE LIPIDS GENERALLY WHY ARE LIPIDS GENERALLY INSOLUBLE IN WATER?INSOLUBLE IN WATER?

Page 30: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ORGANIC MOLECULE HAS WHAT ORGANIC MOLECULE HAS THE DOUBLE HELIX TO IDENTIFY ITS THE DOUBLE HELIX TO IDENTIFY ITS GENERAL SHAPE?GENERAL SHAPE?

Page 31: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT PROPERTY WILL THE WHAT PROPERTY WILL THE CARBOXYL GROUP CONFER ON A CARBOXYL GROUP CONFER ON A COMPOUND?COMPOUND?

Page 32: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

NAME THE THREE PARTS OF A NAME THE THREE PARTS OF A PHOSPHOLIPID.PHOSPHOLIPID.

Page 33: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A POLYUNSATURATED LIPID.POLYUNSATURATED LIPID.

Page 34: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ORGANIC GROUP CONTAINS WHAT ORGANIC GROUP CONTAINS CHOLESTEROL?CHOLESTEROL?

Page 35: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ORGANIC GROUP OF WHAT ORGANIC GROUP OF COMPOUNDS HAVE THE SUFFIX –COMPOUNDS HAVE THE SUFFIX –ASE?ASE?

Page 36: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY CARBONS ARE IN HOW MANY CARBONS ARE IN RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE?RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE?

Page 37: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT SPECIFIC ORGANIC GROUP WHAT SPECIFIC ORGANIC GROUP ARE LACTOSE AND SUCROSE A ARE LACTOSE AND SUCROSE A PART OF?PART OF?

Page 38: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY DIFFERENT HOW MANY DIFFERENT NITROGENOUS BASES ARE IN THE NITROGENOUS BASES ARE IN THE NUCLEIC ACIDS?NUCLEIC ACIDS?

Page 39: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY OXYGEN ATOMS ARE IN HOW MANY OXYGEN ATOMS ARE IN A GLUCOSE MOLECULE?A GLUCOSE MOLECULE?

Page 40: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY DIFFERENT AMINO HOW MANY DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS ARE THERE?ACIDS ARE THERE?

Page 41: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY CHAINS OF HOW MANY CHAINS OF NUCLEOTIDES ARE IN DNA?NUCLEOTIDES ARE IN DNA?

Page 42: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT NITROGENOUS BASE IS IN WHAT NITROGENOUS BASE IS IN RNA BUT NOT IN DNA?RNA BUT NOT IN DNA?

Page 43: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHY DO SCIENTISTS THINK THAT WHY DO SCIENTISTS THINK THAT DNA EVOLVED FROM RNA, RATHER DNA EVOLVED FROM RNA, RATHER THAN VICE VERSA?THAN VICE VERSA?

Page 44: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW ARE PHOSPHOLIPID TAILS HOW ARE PHOSPHOLIPID TAILS ALWAYS ORIENTED IN THE ALWAYS ORIENTED IN THE ENVIRONMENT?ENVIRONMENT?

Page 45: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ATOMS ARE ALWAYS WHAT ATOMS ARE ALWAYS PRESENT IN ORGANIC MOLECULES?PRESENT IN ORGANIC MOLECULES?

Page 46: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF FORMULA PROVIDES WHAT TYPE OF FORMULA PROVIDES THE MOST INFORMATION?THE MOST INFORMATION?

Page 47: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT HAPPENS IN DENATURATION?WHAT HAPPENS IN DENATURATION?

Page 48: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY ENERGY LEVELS DOES HOW MANY ENERGY LEVELS DOES CARBON HAVE?CARBON HAVE?

Page 49: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF PROTEIN WHAT TYPE OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE INVOLVES MORE THAN STRUCTURE INVOLVES MORE THAN ONE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN?ONE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN?

Page 50: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT pH would amino acids WHAT pH would amino acids possess?possess?

Page 51: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ELEMENT IS ALWAYS IN WHAT ELEMENT IS ALWAYS IN PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS BUT PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS BUT NOT IN LIPIDS OR NOT IN LIPIDS OR CARBOHYDRATES?CARBOHYDRATES?

Page 52: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT TYPE OF BONDS HOLD WHAT TYPE OF BONDS HOLD TOGETHER THE TWO CHAINS OF TOGETHER THE TWO CHAINS OF DNA?DNA?

Page 53: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT ORGANIC GROUP WOULD ATP WHAT ORGANIC GROUP WOULD ATP BE A PART OF?BE A PART OF?

Page 54: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

WHAT MONOSACCHARIDE IS WHAT MONOSACCHARIDE IS COMMON TO SUCROSE, STARCH, COMMON TO SUCROSE, STARCH, GLYCOGEN, AND CELLULOSE?GLYCOGEN, AND CELLULOSE?

Page 55: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE IN THE HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE IN THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF CARBON?OUTERMOST LAYER OF CARBON?

Page 56: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

What type of chemical reaction builds What type of chemical reaction builds polymers?polymers?

Page 57: BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW.  HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS MAY CARBON FORM WITH OTHER ATOMS?

What general type of chemical reaction What general type of chemical reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?breaks down polymers into monomers?