Biochemistry Notes
Jan 01, 2016
Biochemistry Notes
Carbon• Organic
molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen .
• Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.
•
Carbohydrates• The function is store
and release energy
• Monosaccharid - one sugar examples:
glucose C6H12O6, Fructose
• Disaccharide - 2 monosaccharides
• example - sucrose - made of glucose and fructose
Polysaccarides
• Contain many sugars• Examples -
– starch - stored energy in plants– glycogen - stored energy in animals– cellulose - makes cell wall of plants
Polysaccharide
Cellulose in a Plant
Lipids• Monomers are fatty
acids • Ex.– fats, oils, &
phospholipids in cell membranes
• Non-polar - insoluble in water
• Structure– 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol
Lipid function
Long-term energy storage, insulation, cell structure (lipid bi-layer/cell membrane)
Saturated Fatty Acid
•
• Solid at room temperature
• Bad for heart• Meat, butter• Contain lots of
hydrogen atoms and carbons are linked with single bonds in fatty acid chain
Unsaturated Fatty Acid• Liquid at room
temperature• Good for your heart• Olive oil, nuts, fish.• Contain few
hydrogen atoms because carbon
atoms have double bonds in fatty acid
chain.
ProteinsProteins provide
structure (skin, hair, cartilage, muscle) and are carry out all cell metabolism (enzymes)
The shape determines function
Monomer—amino acidsLinked together by
peptide bonds (type of covalent bond)
Protein Structure• Primary – amino acid
sequence• Secondary - hydrogen
bonding between a.a.’s – causes twisting; 2-D shape
• Tertiary - additional folding – functional protein; 3-D shape
• Quaternary - 2 or more amino acid (polypeptide) chains– complex
Primary Structure
Secondary Teritary
Quaternary
Nucleic Acids• Macromolecule that stores and
transfers genetic material• Made up of nucleotides
– made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
• DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid• RNA: ribonucleic acid
Nucleotides