Bio Natural Gas from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) |Azhar Abdul Raof |SIRIM Berhad| Biogas Asia Pacific Forum, June 2-4,2014
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Bio Natural Gas from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) |Azhar Abdul Raof |SIRIM Berhad|
Biogas Asia Pacific Forum, June 2-4,2014
Content of my presentation
• Biogas conditioning and upgrading for vehicle application
• Recent progress on standard development for biogas production (Draft Malaysian Standard)
Energy & Environment Plant & Machinery
Medical Engineering
Technology development for energy generation &
energy storage and environmental solution
technologies
Comprehensive technology
application for plant and machine design
Development of bio medical devices, and drug delivery system
SIRIM in brief- S&Q and R&TD activities
Technology platform: 3 Flagships (Business units)
Staff strength : 2200 (700 staffs in R&TD )
Introduction
Oil Palm Industry -2013
• 5 million hectares • Fresh fruit bunch (FFB)
production - 100million MT • Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
Production- 19.2 Million • No of oil palm mills in
operation > 424 mills • Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
production-75million m3*
* 0.75m3-POME/FFB
Untreated POME causes water body pollution
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) disposal is an
issues
1
Anaerobic digestion is the chosen solution and converts POME to BIOGAS and Fertilizer
2
Biogas is under utilised and most cases are released to atmosphere –GHG emission
3
-High BOD (25,000mg/l) and stringent discharge standard of BOD (<100mg/l)
- Almost all of the mills are using anaerobic pond or anaerobic digester tank
- Flaring and uncapture .Currently about 60 mills are capturing biogas
Biogas is co-firing in biomass boiler to produce heat and electricity- RM0.28/Nm3-BioNG*
The next problem to overcome is on capturing
value of biogas
1
Biogas is directly burn to generate electricity in gas engine-RM 1.24/Nm3-BioNG**
2
Biomethane : 97% CH4 (9.67kWh/Nm3), *PKS RM130/MT, CV 3900kcal/kg; ** Electrical efficiency 40%, FiT=RM0.338/kWH,*** RM0.68/LPE
Biogas is upgraded and used to displace vehicle fuel (Gasoline) - RM 2.10 /Nm3-BioNG***
3
Free up PKS and fibers
Limited access to power grid
Competing with subsidised natural gas selling at NGV station
BioNG-what is it?
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Manure
Anaerobic Digester
Food and Amenity waste
Energy crops and A gricultural waste
Digestate
Biogas
CH4 CO2
CH4
Power Grid Mobile Pipeline
Heat (Boiler)
BioNG
Transport Fuel
BioNG or Biomethane is derived from BIOGAS. BIOGAS is produced from anaerobic digestion of biowaste/crops by micro-organisms in a closed container without oxygen. Biogas can be processed to remove the carbon dioxide and impurities, producing BioNG. BioNG contains 95% or more METHANE; a renewable gas source for fuel displacement.
Why BioNG
• Diverse, abundant and self-supplying feedstock: POME, sewage sludge, municipal bio-waste, residues and crops from the agro-food sector
• Unique combination of low-carbon, low-emissions, low-noise transport
• Biogas production to improve environmental efficiency of waste treatment processes
• Upgraded biogas similar to natural gas: - CNG infrastructures and vehicles can be used - Upgraded biogas can be injected in and transported by the natural gas
pipelines
BioNG from POME
The project
BioNG project overview
• BioNG project was funded by Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) 2010-2013
• A collaborative research project between SIRIM and SIME Darby Research Sdn Bhd
• The main objective of the project was to capture and upgrade biogas to automotive grade fuel
Design data and biogas processing
Gas
conditioning
Adsorptive
H2S removal
CO2
Removal
Quality
Control
Buffer
storage tank
High Pressure
Compressor
BioNG
Filling Station
Design capacity: 600Nm3-BioNG/day (CH4>95%)
100Nm3/hr 50Nm3/hr
36Nm3/hr 20m3@10Bar
BioNG production plant
SIRIM-engineered technology for BioNG production
Moisture removal
CO2 removal (PSA)
H2S removal
Compression
SIRIM-engineered technology for BioNG production
Parameters Biogas BioNG Natural Gas *
CH4 (%) 69.3 95.9 92.73
Other hydrocarbon - - 4.99
CO2 (%) 24.1 2.7 1.83
O2 (%) 0.7 0.7 NA
N2 (%) 1.8 0.7 0.45
H2S (ppm) 1260 5 NA
Moisture Saturated NA NA
*Energy commission report 2006 NA: Data not available
Results
Technical specification of Biomethane (Europe)
Technical specification
Gas Specification
Parameter Petronas BioNG
Gross Heating Value (MJ/Sm3)
35.1-48.1 > 35
Specific Gravity <0.75 0.56
Dew Point @56 Barg (oC) 10 2.1
Total sulfur (mg/m3 ) <30 N.A
H2S (mg/m3 ) <5.7 <5.0
Inert Gas (mole%) <10 <5.0
Biomethane : GHV=39.2MJ/Sm3
Sm3: Standard volume at 15oC & 1 atm
N.A: not analysed
Biomethane fuel car
80 L-Water Capacity (115kg) Full tank = 16.172L
Consumption of BioNG in Bi-fuel (BioNG/Petrol) Vehicle
*http://www.ngvaeurope.eu/comparison-of-energy-contents-and-co2-emissions-from-different-fuels
BioNG fuel car travel 10.5km per Liter
or 1Nm3 BioNG=1.1 Litres petrol 1Nm3 NG=1.2 Litres petrol
Energy content of different fuels *
Fuel Energy (kWH)
1 Nm3 BioNG 9.67
1 Nm3 NG 11.0
1 Litre petrol 9.06
1 Litre diesel 9.8
HW : High way drive
Distance traveled in km
Potential users –Green Mobility for Plantation Sector
Raw Biogas BioNG
cost Upgrading Transportation = + +
• Biogas payments of RM12 /mmbtu * or are used internally to provide additional margin to mill owner- H2S< 500ppm
1 MMBtu 46Nm3-Biogas
30Nm3-
BioNG
RM40/
MMBtu**
* Selling price for PKS is RM150/MT **Market price is RM45-50/mmbtu ,subsidised is RM16/mmbtu Diesel is selling at RM80/MMbtu
Feasibility study-5000Nm3-BioNG/day
Challenges in BioNG production
• Competing with subsidised natural gas prices • Current incentive is too focus on electricity generation • High cost of biogas upgrading unit • No standard for BioNG quality • Logistics of compressed BioNG
Transport?????
Source of BioNG Off-generation site users
25
Logistic of BioNG
• Our mobile light weight tank system bridges this gap-(50% reduction)
• Our method enables the economic delivery of BioNG
• Accessibility (Off-road )
Biogas Production (2005) Pilot Scale RABR
Integrated BioNG Production, Logistic
and Utilisation
Demo Plant (East Sabah) 5000LDE/Day
Light-weight SIRIM composite fuel storage tank (Type IV)
In the past? Where are we now ?
Filament winding (2010) Composite CNG (Type III)
Biogas upgrading to BioNG Pilot Plant-500LDE/Day
What is next ?
2013 2015 2010
What is next?
Snapshot of the Biogas to BioNG process
Off Gas Power
Gas Engine
Biogas Cleaning System Biogas Upgrading System
3 Stage Compressor
Gas Transport Unit
Distribution
From Source
Fuel
Perspective view of the plant
Mobile Pipeline (Light Weight Composite Tank) Bio Natural Gas Plant
Draft MS for Biogas Plant
Draft MS for Biogas Plant
1. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE /WORKING GROUP The Draft MS was developed by the WG on Biogas 2.BACKGROUND AND BASIS -This MS applies to the installation of systems for the production, handling, storage and flaring of biogas in newly constructed biogas systems. For application using high pressure piping special consideration will be applied. -This standard applies to the safety aspects of the operation and maintenance for handling, storage, and utilisation of biogas in biogas systems. NOTE: This standard does not apply to a) input storages b)long-term digestate storages, and, c)pilot-scale and research digesters 3. PUBLIC COMMENT -Date of issue:01/02/2014 -Closing date for receipt of comment:01/4/2014 -Circulation: Internally to government Ministries Department and Agencies and relevant companies and interested parties, and externally to overseas national standard bodies 4. IMPLEMENTATION - ISC acceptance as final draft of MS meeting schedule on 26/06/2014 - Implementation is expected 4Q 2014
Acknowledgements
1. Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) 2. Sime Darby Plantation and Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd 3. All team members.
Draft MS for Biogas Plant
…..….. questions please?
Thanks for your attention !
All information, is highly confidential and shall not in any manner be used or made known to any third party without the prior written permission of SIRIM Berhad
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